Staff profile

Education: BSc (Bath), MSc (Cardiff) and PhD (Bath)

Hello, I am Julian (he/his), I have been Chair in Accounting and Finance and professor of Finance at Durham University’s Business School since the start of 2014. I have been part of the Department of Finance since its creation in 2022.

My work is at the nexus between financial modelling (valuation and asset/capital allocation) and operational modelling of organizations. I am very interested in both empirical and theoretical models (usually game theory or dynamic programming) of decision making under uncertainty. I generally teach in areas relating to financial decision making and operational risk as well as econometrics and applied statistics.

I have been the scientific director of the European Commission project SECONOMICS, worked on the Technology Strategy Board funded project Cloud Stewardship Economics, lead on Durham’s participation in the SESAR SJU, principal investigator on two industry Fintech projects on international currency risk and derivatives pricing and co-investigator on several other projects including the Living Deltas GCRF hub and Agency funded by UKRI.

You can find a list of the UKRI funded projects I have worked on here:

https://gtr.ukri.org/person/DAD11A70-87DE-44A5-BA0A-16DCEEB50251

You can have a look at my awarded patents on distributed markets here:

https://patents.google.com/patent/US11170439B2/en

• Market Microstructure
• Liquidity
• Trading Behaviour and Algorithmic Trading
• Information security and operational security for financial firms and governments

Chapter in book

• Practical Witness-Key-Agreement for Blockchain-based Dark Pools Financial Trading
  
  Ngo, C. N., Massacci, F., Kerschbaum, F., & Williams, J. (2021). Practical Witness-Key-Agreement for Blockchain-based Dark Pools Financial Trading. In N. Borisov & C. Diaz (Eds.), Financial Cryptography and Data Security 25th International Conference, FC 2021, Virtual Event, March 1–5, 2021, Revised Selected Papers, Part II (pp. 579-598). Springer Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-64331-0_30
• Economics of Surveillance
  
  Beckerman, C., & Williams, J. (2021). Economics of Surveillance. In S. Jajodia, P. Samarati, & M. Yung (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Cryptography, Security and Privacy (pp. 1-5). Springer Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27739-9_1611-1
• Privacy Economics: From information theory to privacy as an asset
  
  Beckerman, C., & Williams, J. (2021). Privacy Economics: From information theory to privacy as an asset. In S. Jajodia, P. Samarati, & M. Yung (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Cryptography, Security and Privacy (pp. 1-6). Springer Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27739-9_1609-1
• Compositional Security Modelling Structure, Economics, and Behaviour
  
  Caulfield, T., Pym, D., & Williams, J. (2014). Compositional Security Modelling Structure, Economics, and Behaviour. In Human aspects of information security, privacy, and trust : 2nd International Conference, HAS 2014, Held as part of HCI International 2014, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, June 22-27, 2014 : proceedings (pp. 233-245). Springer Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07620-1_21
• Fixed Costs, Investment Rigidities, and Risk Aversion in Information Security: A Utility-theoretic Approach.
  
  Ioannidis, C., Pym, D., & Williams, J. (2013). Fixed Costs, Investment Rigidities, and Risk Aversion in Information Security: A Utility-theoretic Approach. In B. Schneier (Ed.), Economics of Information Security and Privacy III. (pp. 171-192). Springer Verlag.
• Liquidity Spillovers in Credit Markets During the Eurozone Crisis.
  
  Calice, G., Chen, J., & Williams, J. (2013). Liquidity Spillovers in Credit Markets During the Eurozone Crisis. In J. LaBrosse, R. Olivares-Caminal, & D. Singh (Eds.), Financial Crisis Containment and Government Guarantees.. Edward Elgar Publishing.

Conference Paper

• Non-Monotonic Security Protocols and Failures in Financial Intermediation
  
  Massacci, F., Ngo, C., Venturi, D., & Williams, J. (in press). Non-Monotonic Security Protocols and Failures in Financial Intermediation. Presented at Cambridge International Workshop on Security Protocols, Cambridge, England.
• FuturesMEX: Secure Distributed Futures Market Exchange
  
  Massacci, F., Ngo, C., Nie, J., Venturi, D., & Williams, J. (2018). FuturesMEX: Secure Distributed Futures Market Exchange. In 2018 IEEE symposium on security and privacy SP 2018. (pp. 335-353). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1109/sp.2018.00028
• The seconomics (security-economics) vulnerabilities of Decentralized Autonomous Organizations
  
  Massacci, F., Ngo, C., Nie, J., Venturi, D., & Williams, J. (2017). The seconomics (security-economics) vulnerabilities of Decentralized Autonomous Organizations. In F. Stajano, J. Anderson, B. Christianson, & V. Matyáš (Eds.), Security protocols XXV : 25th international workshop, Cambridge, UK, March 20-22, 2017 : revised selected papers. (pp. 171-179). Springer Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71075-4_19
• Investments and Trade-offs in the Economics of Information Security.
  
  Ioannidis, C., Pym, D., & Williams, J. (2009). Investments and Trade-offs in the Economics of Information Security. In R. Dingledine & P. Golle (Eds.), Financial cryptography and data security: 13th International Conference, FC 2009, Accra Beach, Barbados, February 23-26, 2009: revised selected papers. (pp. 148-166). Springer-Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03549-4_9

Journal Article

• The Work-Averse Cyber Attacker Model: Theory and Evidence From Two Million Attack Signatures
  
  Allodi, L., Massacci, F., & Williams, J. (2022). The Work-Averse Cyber Attacker Model: Theory and Evidence From Two Million Attack Signatures. Risk Analysis, 42(8), 1623-1642. https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.13732
• Testing the Eigenvalue Structure of Spot and Integrated Covariance
  
  Dovonon, P., Taamouti, A., & Williams, J. (2022). Testing the Eigenvalue Structure of Spot and Integrated Covariance. Journal of Econometrics, 229(2), Article 363-395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconom.2021.02.006
• The impact of high speed quoting on execution risk dynamics: Evidence from interest rate futures markets
  
  Nie, J., Malagon, J., & Williams, J. (2022). The impact of high speed quoting on execution risk dynamics: Evidence from interest rate futures markets. Journal of Futures Markets, 42(8), 1434-1465. https://doi.org/10.1002/fut.22339
• Asset Securitizations and Bank Stability:Evidence from Different Banking Systems
  
  Abdelsalam, O., Elnahass, M., Ahmed, H., & Williams, J. (2022). Asset Securitizations and Bank Stability:Evidence from Different Banking Systems. Global Finance Journal, 51, Article 100551. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfj.2020.100551
• JUNE: open-source individual-based epidemiology simulation
  
  Aylett-Bullock, J., Cuesta-Lazaro, C., Quera-Bofarull, A., Icaza-Lizaola, M., Sedgewick, A., Truong, H., Curran, A., Elliott, E., Caulfield, T., Fong, K., Vernon, I., Williams, J., Bower, R., & Krauss, F. (2021). JUNE: open-source individual-based epidemiology simulation. Royal Society Open Science, 8(7). https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.210506
• Who should pay for interdependent risk? Policy implications for security interdependence among airports
  
  Williams, J., Kuper, G., & Massacci, F. (2020). Who should pay for interdependent risk? Policy implications for security interdependence among airports. Risk Analysis, 40(5), 1001-1019. https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.13454
• Forecasting Options Prices Using Discrete Time Volatility Models Estimated at Mixed Timescales
  
  Calice, G., Chen, J., & Williams, J. (2020). Forecasting Options Prices Using Discrete Time Volatility Models Estimated at Mixed Timescales. The Journal of Derivatives : A Publication of Institutional Investor, Inc., 27(3), 45-74. https://doi.org/10.3905/jod.2019.1.094
• Resilience in Information Stewardship
  
  Ioannidis, C., Pym, D., Williams, J., & Gheyas, I. (2019). Resilience in Information Stewardship. European Journal of Operational Research, 274(2), 638-653. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2018.10.020
• Knowledge protection in firms: A conceptual framework and evidence from HP Labs
  
  Elliot, K., Patacconi, A., Swierzbinski, J., & Williams, J. (2019). Knowledge protection in firms: A conceptual framework and evidence from HP Labs. European Management Review, 16(1), 179-193. https://doi.org/10.1111/emre.12336
• Contagion in cyber security attacks
  
  Baldwin, A., Gheyas, I., Ioannidis, C., Pym, D., & Williams, J. (2017). Contagion in cyber security attacks. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 68(7), 780-791. https://doi.org/10.1057/jors.2016.37
• Agency Problems and Airport Security: Quantitative and Qualitative Evidence on the Impact of Security Training
  
  de Gramatica, M., Massacci, F., Shim, W., Turhan, U., & Williams, J. (2017). Agency Problems and Airport Security: Quantitative and Qualitative Evidence on the Impact of Security Training. Risk Analysis, 37(2), 372-395. https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.12607
• Realised higher moments : theory and practice
  
  Buckle, M., Chen, J., & Williams, J. (2016). Realised higher moments : theory and practice. European Journal of Finance, 22(13), 1272-1291. https://doi.org/10.1080/1351847x.2014.885456
• Economic Impacts of Rules- versus Risk-Based Cybersecurity Regulations for Critical Infrastructure Providers
  
  Massacci, F., Ruprai, R., Collinson, M., & Williams, J. (2016). Economic Impacts of Rules- versus Risk-Based Cybersecurity Regulations for Critical Infrastructure Providers. IEEE Security and Privacy, 14(3), 52-60. https://doi.org/10.1109/msp.2016.48
• Action, Inaction, Trust, and Cybersecurity’s Common Property Problem
  
  Elliott, K., Massacci, F., & Williams, J. (2016). Action, Inaction, Trust, and Cybersecurity’s Common Property Problem. IEEE Security and Privacy, 14(1), 82-86. https://doi.org/10.1109/msp.2016.2
• IT Interdependence and the Economic Fairness of Cyber-security Regulations for Civil Aviation
  
  De Gramatica, M., Massacci, F., Shim, W., Tedeschi, A., & Williams, J. (2015). IT Interdependence and the Economic Fairness of Cyber-security Regulations for Civil Aviation. IEEE Security and Privacy, 13(5), 52-61. https://doi.org/10.1109/msp.2015.98
• Risk and regulation in water utilities : a cross-country comparison of evidence from the CAPM
  
  Buckland, R., Williams, J., & Beecher, J. (2015). Risk and regulation in water utilities : a cross-country comparison of evidence from the CAPM. Journal of Regulatory Economics, 47(2), 117-145. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11149-014-9261-z
• How predictable are equity covariance matrices? Evidence from high frequency data for four markets
  
  Buckle, M., Chen, J., & Williams, J. (2014). How predictable are equity covariance matrices? Evidence from high frequency data for four markets. Journal of Forecasting, 33(7), 542-557. https://doi.org/10.1002/for.2310
• Are there benefits to being naked? The returns and diversification impact of capital structure arbitrage.
  
  Calice, G., Chen, J., & Williams, J. (2013). Are there benefits to being naked? The returns and diversification impact of capital structure arbitrage. European Journal of Finance, 19(9), 815-840. https://doi.org/10.1080/1351847x.2011.637115
• Liquidity spillovers in sovereign bond and CDS markets: An analysis of the Eurozone sovereign debt crisis.
  
  Calice, G., Chen, J., & Williams, J. (2013). Liquidity spillovers in sovereign bond and CDS markets: An analysis of the Eurozone sovereign debt crisis. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 85, 122-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2011.10.013
• Credit Derivatives and the Default Risk of Large Complex Financial Institutions.
  
  Calice, G., Ionnadis, C., & Williams, J. (2012). Credit Derivatives and the Default Risk of Large Complex Financial Institutions. Journal of Financial Services Research, 42(1-2), 85-107. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10693-011-0121-z
• Information Security Trade-offs and Optimal Patching Policies
  
  Ioannidis, C., Pym, D., & Williams, J. (2012). Information Security Trade-offs and Optimal Patching Policies. European Journal of Operational Research, 216(2), 434-444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2011.05.050
• Regulatory Changes, Market Integration and Spillover Effects in the Chinese A, B and Hong Kong Equity Markets
  
  Chen, J., Buckland, R., & Williams, J. (2011). Regulatory Changes, Market Integration and Spillover Effects in the Chinese A, B and Hong Kong Equity Markets. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 19(4), 351-373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacfin.2011.01.002
• Multivariate Asset Price Dynamics with Stochastic Covariation.
  
  Williams, J., & Ioannidis, C. (2011). Multivariate Asset Price Dynamics with Stochastic Covariation. Quantitative Finance, 11(1), 125-134. https://doi.org/10.1080/14697680903419693

Working Paper

• The Work-Averse Cyber Attacker Model: Theory and Evidence From Two Million Attack Signatures
  
  Allodi, L., Massacci, F., & Williams, J. (2017). The Work-Averse Cyber Attacker Model: Theory and Evidence From Two Million Attack Signatures. https://papers.ssrn.com/.