Staff profile
Prof Carole Torgerson
Honorary Professor
Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences and Visiting Chair, SFI, Copenhagen, Denmark

Affiliation | Room number | Telephone |
---|---|---|
Honorary Professor in the School of Education | ||
Fellow of the Wolfson Research Institute for Health and Wellbeing |
Biography
After taking degrees in English Literature and Modern English Poetry from the Universities of York and Stirling, Carole Torgerson taught English in a wide variety of schools in England and Scotland. She undertook her doctorate in design issues in experimental research at the University of Sheffield before starting her academic career. She was Reader in Evidence-based Education at the University of York, before moving to The University of Birmingham as Professor of Experimental Design and then to Durham University where she is Professor of Education.
Carole was co-chair of the Campbell Collaboration Education Co-ordinating Group between 2006-9 and principal member of the United States Institutes of Education Sciences (IES) Reading and Writing and Science and Mathematics review panels, and a consultant methodologist to the IES on research design between 2006-13. She is the founder and co-organiser of the annual international Randomised Controlled Trials in the Social Sciences Conference, now in its fourteenth year.
Carole’s main teaching interests are: masters, doctoral and post-doctoral education and training in research design, methodology and methods in education and the social sciences; experimental research (randomised controlled trials RCTs and studies of quasi-experimental designs QEDs) and literature reviews; undergraduate teaching in research methods; rigorous evaluation design and methods in education and all areas of social policy.
Affiliate of the Durham University Evidence Centre for Education
Completed Supervisions
Impact assessment of STEM initiatives in improving educational outcomes.
Devising New Models for School Improvement in Developing Nations: Sierra Leone, a case study.
Information for prospective doctoral research student supervisions
Carole is happy to discuss supervisions with prospective doctoral students in the following areas:
The use of systematic review, meta-analytic, experimental and quasi-experimental designs in any area of education; literacy; English education; music education.
Research Interests
Carole's main methodological research interests are in experimental design and research synthesis. Much of her funded research has been in evaluations using randomised controlled trial designs and systematic reviews and meta-analyses of experimental research. She has received awards from the Education Endowment Foundation, DfE, Home Office, ESRC, HEA, CfBT, HEFCE, NIHR, MRC, Sutton Trust and a range of other organisations.
Media/Knowledge translation and impact (policy and practice)
Ben Styles and Carole Torgerson (2019) Trials, Tribulations and Centenary Celebrations, in Times Educational Supplement (TES), 23rd August, 2019
Carole Torgerson, Discussant: Gianluca Argentin and Gianpaolo Barbetto Gli effeti a breve termine delle Family Group Conferences sul benessere desli studenti at Dialoghi per il benessere a scuola: Il progetto Family StAR: un esperienza innovativa, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italia, October 17th 2018
Carole Torgerson and Dominic Wyse 'Grammar teaching in the national curriculum: has it failed the test?' TES 20th December 2017
Carole Torgerson 'Experiments in education: The key to tackling educational disadvantage?' in (Eds.) Claudia Wood and Ralph Scott 'Harnessing what works in eliminating educational disadvantage...', DEMOS, 2014
Carole Torgerson ‘Education research: Call for controls’ Letter, Science, September 2, 2011
Carole Torgerson ‘Perverse pay off’, Letter, New Scientist, April 30, 2011
Andrews, R., Torgerson, C., Low, G. And McGuinn, N. (2011) Teaching argument writing to 7-14 year olds, Better Evidence-based education: English, Winter 2011
Carole Torgerson ‘Reading on trial’, Letter, Telegraph, July 21, 2010
Brooks, G., Torgerson, C.J. and Hall, J. (2009) The use of phonics in the teaching of reading and spelling, Evidence-based policy briefs, Volume 3, June, 2009, NCS Pearson, Inc., US
See, BH, Torgerson, CJ and Andrews, R ‘Argumentation skills are underdeveloped in undergraduates, Point for Debate, THES, 1 June, 2007
Torgerson, C. Need for randomisation, BMJ, 2006
Torgerson C.J. Initial formation of unbiased groups is most important issue in randomised controlled trials. British Medical Journal 2002;25:1155
Research groups
Research Projects
- A systematic review of the international literature on effective professional development interventions for groups of welfare professionals
- DIY Evaluation Guide Version 3
- EasyPeasy Evaluation
- Evaluation of “Family Lives: Parent Child Home Programme'
- Evaluation of ABRA
- Evaluation of Calderdale : Improving writing quality, using SRSD and memorable experiences
- Evaluation of EdTech Innovation Testbed
- Evaluation of ReflectED
- Independent evaluation of SHINE on Manchester schools
- Independent Evaluation Of The Maths Champions Programme
- SHINE
- Smoking prevention in young people: a cluster randomised controlled trial of implementation intentions
- Teen Sleep Research Pilot
- The research design basis for undergraduate quantitative methods (QM) teaching
- Third Space Learning
- Toolkit for Higher Education Access 2
- Toolkit for Higher Education Access: A series of systematic reviews
- Tutor Trust Project Evaluation
- Writing Bundle: An evaluation of Grammar for Writing
- Writing Bundle: Calderdale Excellence Partnership
- Writing Bundle: Discover
Awarded Grants
- 2019: Evaluation of EdTech innovation testbed, £723K, DfE/Nesta
- 2019: ParentChild+(£35565.00 from Education Endowment Foundation)
- 2017: A systematic review of the international literature on effective professional development interventions for groups of welfare professionals(£30000.00 from TrygFonden)
- 2017: ABRA Trial(£18135.00 from Education Endowment Foundation)
- 2017: Evaluation of 'ReflectED Metacognition'(£20971.00 from Education Endowment Foundation)
- 2016: Tutor Trust Project Evaluation(£42325.00 from Education Endowment Foundation)
- 2015: Evaluation of Maths Champions(£6427.00 from Education Endowment Foundation)
- 2014: Calderdale 2(£107700.00 from Education Endowment Foundation)
- 2014: Calderdale 2(£6029.00 from Education Endowment Foundation)
- 2014: Development of an Interactive DIY evaluation guide(£782.00 from Education Endowment Foundation)
- 2014: Sleep and attainment(£3198.00 from Education Endowment Foundation)
- 2014: Third Space Learning (KnowMaths: On-line Maths Tutoring)(£11076.00 from Education Endowment Foundation)
- 2013: DISCOVER 2013/14 (Writing Bundle)(£5543.00 from Education Endowment Foundation)
- 2013: SHINE 2(£11956.00 from Education Endowment Foundation)
- 2013: Toolkit for Higher Education Access 2(£9765.25 from The Sutton Trust)
- 2012: An evaluation of Grammar for Writing(£10477.00 from Education Endowment Foundation)
- 2012: An evaluation of the Calderdale Excellence Partnership Project(£10477.00 from Education Endowment Foundation)
- 2012: SHINE(£47505.00 from Education Endowment Foundation)
- 2012: Smoking prevention in young people: A cluster randomised controlled trial of implementation intentions(£20101.69 from MRC)
- 2012: The Research Design Basis for Undergraduate Quantitative Methods (QM) Teaching(£18427.00 from ESRC)
- 2012: Toolkit for Higher Education Access(£34929.87 from The Sutton Trust)
Esteem Indicators
- 0000: Awards and prizes: Janet Duffin Award 2013
British Society for Research into Learning Mathematics (BSRLM) ;
Torgerson, C.J., Wiggins, A., Torgerson, D.J., Ainsworth, H., Hewitt, C.(2013) Every Child Counts: Testing policy effectiveness using a RCT, Journal of Research in Mathematics Education, 15 (2) 141-153
The Janet Duffin Award is made annually by the Society to the author (or authors) of what is judged to be the most outstanding contribution - either research paper or essay review - published in the Society’s journal, Research in Mathematics Education [RME], during the preceding calendar year.
- 0000: Cabinet Office: Academic Advisory Panel, 2014
- 0000: Co-Chair and Editor, international Campbell Collaboration Education Co-ordinating Group: and member of C2 Steering Group, 2006–09
- 0000: International: Principal member Mathematics and Science Scientific Review Panel, United States, Institutes of Education Sciences (IES), ;2007-8 and 2011-13
- 0000: International: Principal member (only non-US) Reading and Writing Scientific Review Panel, United States, Institutes of Education Sciences (IES), 2008-11
- 0000: International: Member (only non-US) Expert Methodology Group, United States, Institutes of Education Sciences (IES), 2010
- 0000: International: Member Advisory Board: edited volume: Lipsey, M. and Cordray, M. (Eds.) Field Experimentation: Methods for Evaluating What Works, for Whom, Under What Circumstances, How and Why, Sage, 2009
- 0000: International Advisory Group: Supporting Informed Healthcare Choices in Low Income Countries research project (based in Norway)
Centre for Evaluation and Monitoring, Durham University
Family StAR project, Università Cattolica di Milano (based in Italy)
Campbell Collaboration UK and Ireland
- 0000: International Peer Review Panel: Member, Trygfonden Foundation grants peer review panel, Copenhagen, Denmark, 2014.
- 0000: Invited presentations: Undertaking randomised controlled trials in education settings: Challenges and solutions Randomised controlled trials in education workshop, Universitat Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italia, 15th October, 2018
A critique of pure teaching methods and the case for synthetic phonics Research seminar, UCL/IOE, 22/11/'17
Systematic Reviews: Challenges in communicating the results to policy-makers VIVE/SFI Danish National Research Centre, Copenhagen, September, 2017
RCTs: State of the Art SFI Danish National Research Centre, Copenhagen, March, 2017
Owning the future scholarly lecture series (Hatfield College, Durham University) Evaluating Public Policy, January 25th 2017
Scholars' Supper (John Snow College, Durham University)Challenges in researching the effectiveness of interventions to improve educaiton and wider outcomes for disadvantaged children, Nov. 27th, 2015
The Rise of RCTs in Education: Statistical and Practical Challenges: Royal Statistical Society Social Statistics Section, November 4th, 2015
Building Evidence into Education, Ben Goldacre report launch, DfE, London, March 14th 2013, meeting hosted by Michael Gove
John Snow legacy conference: Opportunities and challenges of undertaking trials in education, April 11th and 12th, 2013
Experimental evaluation in education for the Ivalua international workshop Social Experiments and Innovation: a new paradigm for public intervention? Barcelona, September 26th 2013 ;http://www.ivalua.cat/generic/static.aspx?id=2580
A brief history of randomised experiments in education (over the last 100 years) for the Century of Social Enquiry seminar series, Department of Social Policy and Innovation, University of Oxford, November 7th 2013 http://www.spi.ox.ac.uk/events.html
- 0000: Joint organiser: Annual international conference: Randomised controlled trials in the social sciences 2006-20
- 0000: Keynotes: Keynote presentation: The history and future of randomised controlled trials in education: 100 years of experimental trials in education conference, jointly organised by RSS and NFER, Royal Statistical Society, September 23rd, 2019
Keynote Lecture: Janet Duffin Lecture, BSRLM conference, University of Southampton, June 14th 2014
Keynote speaker: meeting hosted by President of the French Academy of Sciences (closed meeting), (Paris) on the theme ‘Vers une éducation fondée sur la preuve scientifique?’ (Towards an evidence-based education?), May, 2009.
Keynote presentation: ESRC Research Methods Programme 2007 Conference: ‘Challenges for the 21st Century’: ‘The feasibility of conducting randomised trials in education research’, Nov. 2007.
Keynote lecture: 2006 Cathie Marsh Memorial Lecture, organised jointly by the Social Research Association (SRA) and the Royal Statistical Society (RSS), 'The suitability of randomised controlled trials in social research', Nov 9, 2006.
;
- 0000: Member of Editorial Boards: Effective Education, Routledge Journals (Taylor Francis), 2007- present; Educational Research and Evaluation, 2012-; Campbell Collaboration Education Co-ordinating Group, 2012-; Journal of Research in Reading, 2013-
Editor, Review of Education, 2017-
Guest Editor, Special Issue, Educational Research Journal (2018) Randomised controlled trials in educational research: Methodological debates, questions, challenges, Vol 60(3) ;2018
Editorial:
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00131881.2018.1500194
- 0000: National: Member of Academic Group, Dept. of Business, Innovation and Skills (BIS) to support the Government's review of adult literacy and numeracy provision, 2011-12
Consultant methodologist and methods trainer, BIS, 2013-14
- 0000: Peer review: Journals ;
American Educational Research Journal; Annals of Medicine; Biological Psychiatry; British Educational Research Journal; British Journal of Child Psychiatry and Psychology; British Journal of Educational Psychology; British Journal of Educational Studies; British Journal of Psychology; Child and Adolescent Mental Health; Controlled Clinical Trials; Developmental Science; Educational Research and Evaluation; Educational Review; Effective Education; European Journal of Psychology of Education; Evidence and Policy; International Journal of Educational Research; International Journal of Research and Method in Education; Journal of Early Childhood Research; Journal of Mathematics Education; Journal of Public Policy Research; Journal of Research in Reading; Learning and Instruction; Learning, Media and Technology; Oxford Review of Education; Pediatrics; Psychological Methods; Research Synthesis Methods; Review of Education; Scientific Studies of Reading; Systematic Reviews
Other peer review
;(UK) ESRC grants board; (US) Institutes for Educational Sciences: reports (reading and writing); (US) Institutes for Educational Sciences: ;grants board (science and maths; reading and writing); (UK) MRC grants board; SAGE; Education Endowment Foundation peer review
;
- 0000: UKLA/Wiley-Blackwell Research in Literacy Education Award: Member of 2014, 2015, 2016 ;and 2017 panels
Publications
Authored book
- Torgerson, D. & Torgerson, C. (2008). Designing and running randomised trials in health, education and the social sciences. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Torgerson, C.J. (2003). Systematic Reviews. London: Continuum.
Chapter in book
- Torgerson, C. & Torgerson, D. (2017). True experimental designs. In The BERA/SAGE Handbook of Educational Research. Wyse, D., Selwyn, N., Smith, E. & Suter, L.E SAGE publications Ltd., London.
- Torgerson, C.J., Torgerson, D.J. & Brown, C.A. (2015). Randomized controlled trials. In Handbook of Practical Program Evaluation (fourth edition). Newcomer, K., Hatry, H. & Wholey, J. Jossey-Bass Wiley.
- Torgerson, C., Hall, J. & Light, K. (2012). Systematic reviews. In Research Methods and Methodologies in Education. Arthur, J., Waring, M., Coe, R. & Hedges, L.V. Sage. 217-230.
- Torgerson, C.J., Torgerson, D.J. & Brown, C.A. (2010). Randomized controlled trials and non-randomized designs. In Handbook of Practical Program Evaluation. Wholey, J. Wiley.
- Andrews, R., Torgerson, C.J. & See, B.H. (2009). Discipline-specific skills in argumentation. In Argumentation in Higher Education: Improving Practice through Research. Andrews, R. Routledge/Falmer: New York.
- Torgerson, C.J. & Torgerson, D.J. (2009). Randomized controlled trials in education research. In Education Science: A Critical Reader. St. Clair, R. Open University Press: Milton Keynes.
- Torgerson, C.J. & Freeman, A. (2005). The evidence base for effective ICT practice in literacy learning - what systematic reviews reveal. In Learning to Teach using ICT in the Secondary School. Pachler, N. & Leask, M. Routledge/Falmer, London.
- Andrews, R., Robinson, A. & Torgerson, C.J. (2004). Introduction. In The Impact of ICT on Literacy Education, 5-16. Andrews, R. Routledge/Falmer, London.
- Andrews, R., burn, A., Leach, J., Locke, T., Low, G. & Torgerson, C.J. (2004). The impact of networked ICT on literacy learning. In The Impact of ICT on Literacy Education, 5-16. Andrews, R. Routledge/Falmer, London.
- Torgerson, C.J. & Zhu, D. (2004). A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of ICT on literacy learning in English. In The Impact of ICT on Literacy Education, 5-16. Andrews, R. Routledge/Falmer, London.
Journal Article
- Dobson Waters, Sharon & Torgerson, Carole J. (2021). Dyslexia in higher education: a systematic review of interventions used to promote learning. Journal of Further and Higher Education 45(2): 226-256.
- Conner, M. Grogan, S., Simms-Ellis, R. Flett, K., Sykes-Muskett1, B., Cowap, L., Lawton, R., Armitage, C., Meads, D. Schmitt, L., Torgerson, C., West, R. & Siddiqi, K. (2020). Evidence that an intervention weakens the relationship between adolescent electronic cigarette use and tobacco smoking: a 24-month prospective study. Tobacco Control 29(4): 425-431.
- Filges, T., Torgerson, C., Gascoine, L. & Dietrichson, J (2019). Effectiveness of continuing professional development training of welfare professionals on outcomes for children and young people: A systematic review. Campbell Systematic Reviews 15(4): e1060.
- Conner, Mark, Grogan, Sarah, Simms-Ellis, Ruth, Scholtens, Keira, Sykes-Muskett, Bianca, Cowap, Lisa, Lawton, Rebecca, Armitage, Christopher J., Meads, David, Schmitt, Laetitia, Torgerson, Carole, West, Robert & Siddiqi, Kamran (2019). Patterns and predictors of e-cigarette, cigarette and dual use uptake in UK adolescents: Evidence from a 24-month Prospective Study. Addiction 114(11): 2048-2055.
- Conner, M., Grogan, S., West, R., Simms-Ellis, R., Scholtens, K., Sykes-Muskett, B., Cowap, L., Armitage, C. J., Meads, D., Schmitt, L., Torgerson, C. & Siddiqi, K. (2019). Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of repeated implementation intention formation on adolescent smoking initiation: A cluster randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 87(5): 422-432.
- Younger, K., Gascoine, L., Menzies, V. & Torgerson, C. (2019). A systematic review of evidence on the effectiveness of interventions and strategies for widening participation in higher education. Journal of Further and Higher Education 43(6): 742-773.
- Torgerson, Carole, Brooks, Greg, Gascoine, Louise & Higgins, Steve (2019). Phonics: reading policy and the evidence of effectiveness from a systematic ‘tertiary’ review. Research Papers in Education 34(2): 208-238.
- Styles, Ben & Torgerson, Carole (2018). Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in education research –methodological debates, questions, challenges. Educational Research 60(3): 255-264.
- Conner, M., Grogan, S., Simms-Ellis, R., Flett, K., Sykes-Muskett, B., Cowap, L., Lawton, R., Armitage, C.J., Meads, D., Torgerson, C., West, R. & Siddiqi, K. (2018). Do Electronic Cigarettes Increase Cigarette Smoking in UK Adolescents? Evidence from a 12-month Prospective Study. Tobacco Control 27(4): 365-372.
- Wyse, D. & Torgerson, C. (2017). Experimental trials and ‘what works?’ in education: The case of grammar for writing. British Educational Research Journal 43(6): 1019-1047.
- Mawn, L., Oliver, E.J., Akhtar, N., Bambra, C., Torgerson, C., Bridle, C. & Stain, H.J. (2017). Are we failing young people not in employment, education or training (NEETs)? A systematic review and meta-analysis of re-engagement interventions. Systematic Reviews 6: 16.
- Chisholm, K., Patterson, P., Torgerson, C., Turner, E., Jenkinson, D. & Birchwood, M. (2016). Impact of contact on adolescents’ mental health literacy and stigma: the SchoolSpace cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 6(2): e009435.
- Ainsworth, H., Hewitt, C., Torgerson, C., Higgins, S., Wiggins, A. & Torgerson, D. (2015). Sources of bias in outcome assessment in randomised controlled trials: a case study. Educational Research and Evaluation 21(1): 3-14.
- Torgerson, D., Torgerson, C., Mitchell, N., Buckley, H., Ainsworth, H., Heaps, C. & Jefferson, L. (2015). Evaluation of Grammar for Writing. On-line Education Research Journal
- Torgerson, D., Torgerson, C., Jefferson, L., Buckley, H., Ainsworth, H., Heaps, C. & Mitchell, N. (2015). Evaluation of Discover Summer School. On-line Education Research Journal
- Hewett, R., Torgerson, C. & Douglas, G. (2014). Accessibility of Apple iPad for partially sighted users: pilot study. Journal of Assistive Technologies 8(1): 2-13.
- Oliver, E.J., Mawn, L., Stain, H.J., Bambra, C.L., Torgerson, C., Oliver, A. & Bridle, C. (2014). Should we ‘hug a hoodie’? Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of interventions with young people not in employment, education or training (so-called NEETs). Systematic Reviews 3: 73.
- Firmstone, V.R., Elley, K.M., Skrybant, M.T., Fry-Smith, A., Bayliss, S. & Torgerson, C.J. (2013). Systematic review of the effectiveness of continuing dental professional development on learning, behavior or patient outcomes. Journal of Dental Education 77(3): 300-315.
- Fine, P., Victora, C.G., Rothman, K.J., Moore, P.S., Chang, Y., Curtis, V., Heymann, D.L., Slutkin, G., May, R.M., Patel, V., Roberts, I., Wortley, R., Torgerson, C. & Deaton, A. (2013). John Snow's legacy: epidemiology without borders. Lancet 381(9874): 1302-1311.
- Torgerson, C., Wiggins, A., Torgerson, D., Ainsworth, H. & Hewitt, C. (2013). Every Child Counts: testing policy effectiveness using a randomised controlled trial, designed, conducted and reported to CONSORT standards. Research in Mathematics Education 15(2): 141-153.
- Conner, M., Grogan, S., Lawton, R., Armitage, C., West, R., Siddiqi, K., Gannon, B., Torgerson, C., Flett, K. & Simms-Ellis, R. (2013). Study protocol a cluster randomised controlled trial of implementation intentions to reduce smoking initiation in adolescents. BMC public health 13: 54.
- Chisholm, K., Patterson, P., Torgerson, C., Turner, E. & Birchwood, M. (2012). A randomised controlled feasibility trial for an educational school-based mental health intervention: study protocol. BMC Psychiatry 12: 23.
- Ainsworth, H., Torgerson, D., Torgerson, C. & et al (2012). Computer-based instruction for improving student nurses' general numeracy: Is it effective? Two RCTs. Educational Studies
- Marsden, E. & Torgerson, C. (2012). Single group pre- and post-test designs: Some methodological concerns. Oxford Review of Education 38(5): 583-616.
- Green, K.E., Taylor, C.A. & Torgerson, C. (2012). An overview of systematic reviews in medical education and a focused review in prescribing. Effective Education 4(2): 147-167.
- Torgerson, C., Wiggins, A., Torgerson, D., Ainsworth, H., Hewitt, C. & on behalf of the Every Child Counts independent evaluation team (2012). The effectiveness of an intensive individual tutoring programme (Numbers Count) delivered individually or to small groups of children: a randomised controlled trial. Effective Education 4(1): 73-86.
- See, B.H., Gorard, S. & Torgerson, C. (2012). Promoting post-16 participation of ethnic minority students from disadvantaged backgrounds: a systematic review of the most promising interventions. Research in Post-Compulsory Education 17(4): 409-422.
- Buckley, S., Coleman, J., Davison, I., Morley, D. & Torgerson, C. (2012). An e-learning package to support interprofessional education: a pilot feasibility and efficacy randomized controlled trial in a medical education setting. Effective Education 4(2): 111-122.
- See, B.H., Torgerson, C., Gorard, S., Ainsworth, H., Low, G. & Wright, K. (2011). Factors that promote high post-16 participation of some minority ethnic groups in England: A systematic review of the UK-based literature. Research in post-compulsory education 16(1): 85-99.
- Strong, G.K., Torgerson, C., Torgerson, D. & Hulme, D. (2011). A systematic meta-analytic review of evidence for the effectiveness of the 'Fast ForWord' language intervention program. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 52(3): 224-235.
- Ainsworth, H., Torgerson, D., Torgerson, C., Bene, J., Grant, C., Ford, S. & Watt, I. (2010). The effect of hypnotherapy on exam anxiety and exam performance: a pilot randomised controlled trial. Effective Education 2(2): 143-154.
- Oxman, A.D., Bjorndal, A. & Torgerson, C. (2010). A framework for mandatory impact evaluation to ensue well informed public policy decisions. The Lancet 375.
- Clarkson, J., Ramsay, C., Torgerson, C. & Vale, L. (2010). The translation research in a dental setting (TRiaDS) programme protocol. Implementation Science 54(57).
- Baker, J.A., Ainsworth, H.R., Torgerson, C. & Torgerson, D. (2009). A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials evaluating the effect of hypnosis on exam anxiety. Effective Education 1(1): 27-41.
- Torgerson, C. (2009). Randomised controlled trials in education research: a case study of an individually randomised pragmatic trial. Education 3-13 37(4): 313-321.
- Andrews, R., Torgerson, C., Low, G. & McGuinn, N. (2009). Teaching argument writing to 7 - 14-year-olds: an international review of the evidence of successful practice. Cambridge Journal of Education 39(3): 291-310.
- Brooks, G., Burton, M., Cole, P., Miles, J., Torgerson, C. & Torgerson, D. (2008). Randomised controlled trial of incentives to improve attendance at adult literacy classes. Oxford Review of Education 34(5): 493-504.
- Torgerson, C. (2008). Randomized experiments evaluating policy interventions are feasible. The Psychology of Education Review 32(2).
- Torgerson, C. (2007). The use of minimization to form comparison groups in educational research. Educational Studies 33(3): 333-337.
- Torgerson, C.J. & Torgerson, D.J. (2007). The need for Pragmatic Experimentation in Educational Research. Economics of Innovation and New Technology 16(5): 323-330.
- Torgerson, C. (2007). The quality of systematic reviews of effectiveness in literacy learning in English: a tertiary review. Journal of Research in Reading 30(3): 287-315.
- Torgerson, C. (2006). Publication Bias: The Achilles' Heel of Systematic Reviews? British Journal of Educational Studies 54(1): 89-102.
- Brooks, G., Miles, J.N.V., Torgerson, C.J. & Torgerson, D.J. (2006). Is an intervention using computer software effective in literacy learning? A randomised controlled trial. Educational Studies 32(2): 133-143.
- Andrews, R., Torgerson, C., Beverton, S., Freeman, A., Locke, T., Low, G., Robinson, A. & Zhu, D. (2006). The effect of grammar teaching on writing development. British Educational Research Journal 32(1): 39-55.
- Torgerson, C.J. (2006). Need for randomisation. British Medical Journal
- Wellington, J. & Torgerson, C.J. (2005). Writing for publication: what counts as a 'high status, eminent academic journal'? Journal of Further and Higher Education 29(1): 35-48.
- Torgerson, C.J., Torgerson, D.J., Birks, Y.F. & Porthouse, J. (2005). A comparison of randomised controlled trials in health and education. British Educational Research Journal 31(6): 761-785.
- Torgerson, C.J., Porthouse, J. & Brooks, G. (2003). A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials evaluating interventions in adult literacy and numeracy. Journal of Research in Reading 26(3): 234-255.
- Torgerson, D.J. & Torgerson, C.J. (2003). Avoiding bias in randomised controlled trials in educational research. British Journal of Educational Studies 51(1).
- Torgerson, C.J. & Torgerson, D.J. (2003). The Design and Conduct of Randomised Controlled Trials in Education: lessons from health care. Oxford Review of Education 29(1): 67-80.
- Torgerson, C.J., King, S.E. & Sowden, A.J. (2002). Do volunteers in schools help children to learn to read? A systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Educational Studies 28(4): 433-444.
- Torgerson, C.J. (2002). Educational research and randomised trials, Medical Education. Medical Education 36.
- Torgerson, C.J. & Elbourne, D. (2002). A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of information and communication technology (ICT) on the teaching of spelling. Journal of Research in Reading 25(2): 129-143.
- Torgerson, C.J. & Torgerson, D.J. (2001). The Need for Randomised Controlled Trials in Educational Research. British Journal of Educational Studies 49(3): 316-328.
- Torgerson, C.J. (2001). The evidence for misleading statistics in local authority league tables. Curriculum 22.
Other (Digital/Visual Media)
Report
- Gascoine, Louise, Tracey, Louise, Fairhurst, Caroline, Robinson-Smith, Lyn, Torgerson, David, Torgerson, Carole & Bell, Kerry (2022). ReflectED Evaluation Report. Education Endowment Foundation.
- Bell, Kerry, Ainsworth, Hannah, Elliott, Louise, Fairhurst, Caroline, Gascoine, Louise, Hanley, Pam, Haynes, Andrew, Hewitt, Catherine, Mitchell, Alex, Torgerson, Carole J., Torgerson, David J. & Whiteside, Katie (2022). ABRACADABRA (ABRA) and Reading and Understanding in Key Stage 1 (RUKS). Education Endowment Foundation.
- Robinson-Smith,Lyn, Whiteside, Katie, Torgerson, Carole, Qi, Xiaofei, Fairhurst, Caroline, Elliott, Louise Hewitt, Catherine, Joshi, Kalpita, Menzies, Victoria, Torgerson, David & Ainsworth, Hannah (2020). Independent evaluation of Maths Champions in nursery settings to develop children’s early numeracy: A two-armed cluster randomised controlled trial Evaluation Protocol. Education Endowment Foundation.
- Robinson-Smith, Lyn, Menzies, Victoria, Cramman, Helen, Wang, Yuqian (Linda), Fairhurst, Caroline, Hallett, Sarah, Beckmann, Nadin, Merrell, Christine, Torgerson, Carole, Stothard, Sue & Siddiqui, Nadia (2019). EasyPeasy: Learning through play. Evaluation Report. Education Endowment Foundation.
- Torgerson, C., Bell, K., Coleman, E., Elliott, L., Fairhurst, C., Gascoine, L., Hewitt, C. & Torgerson, D. (2018). Tutor Trust: Affordable primary tuition. Evaluation report and executive summary. School of Education. Education Endowment Foundation.
- Robinson-Smith,L., Fairhurst,C., Stone,G., Bell,K., Elliott, L., Gascoine,L., Hallett,S., Hewitt,C., Hugill,J., Torgerson,C., Torgerson,D., Menzies,V. & Ainsworth,H. (2018). Maths Champions: Evaluation Report and Executive Summary. Education Endowment Foundation.
- Torgerson, C.J., Torgerson, D.J., Ainsworth, H., Hewitt, C.E., Kasim, A., Kokotsaki, D., Bell, K., Elliott, L. & Gascoine, L. (2018). Calderdale Excellence Partnership: IPEELL. Evaluation and Executive Summary. School of Education. Education Endowment Foundation (EEF).
- Torgerson, C., Nielsen, C., Gascoine, L., Filges, T., Moore, I., Nielsen, B. & Jørgensen, F. (2017). A systematic review of the effective continuing professional development training of welfare professionals. København, VIVE The Danish Centre for Social Science Research.
- Torgerson, C., Ainsworth, H., Buckley, H., Hampden-Thompson, G., Hewitt, C., Humphry, D., Jefferson, L., Mitchell, N. & Torgerson, D. (2016). Affordable Online Maths Tuition: Evaluation report and executive summary. Education Endowment Foundation.
- Menzies, V., Kasim, A., Kokotsaki, D., Hewitt, C., Akhter, N., Collyer, C., Younger, K., Wiggins, A. & Torgerson, C. (2016). Hallé SHINE on Manchester: Evaluation report and executive summary. Education Endowment Foundation.
- Menzies, V., Collyer, C., Kokotsaki, D., Hewitt, C., Younger, K., Wiggins, A. & Torgerson, C. (2015). SHINE in Secondaries: Evaluation report and Executive summary. Education Endowment Foundation.
- Torgerson, D., Torgerson, C., Ainsworth, H., Buckley, H., Heaps, C., Hewitt, C. & Mitchell, N. (2014). Improving Writing Quality. Education Endowment Foundation, London.
- Nag, S., Chiat, S., Torgerson, C. & Snowling, M.J. (2014). Literacy, Foundation Learning and Assessment in Developing Countries: Final Report. Education Rigorous Literature Review. Department for International Development.
- Torgerson, D., Torgerson, C., Jefferson, L., Buckley, H., Ainsworth, H., Heaps, C. & Mitchell, N. (2014). Discover Summer School. Education Endowment Foundation, London.
- Torgerson, D., Torgerson, C., Mitchell, N., Buckley, H., Ainsworth, H., Heaps, C. & Jefferson, L. (2014). Grammar for Writing. Report to Education Endowment Foundation, London.
- Torgerson, C., Gascoine, L., Heaps, C., Menzies, V. & Younger, Kirsty (2014). Higher Education access: Evidence of effectiveness of university access strategies and approaches. Sutton Trust.
- Torgerson, C. & Torgerson, D. (2013). Randomised Controlled Trials in Education: An Introductory Handbook. Educational Endowment Foundation.
- Torgerson, C.J., Wiggins, A., Torgerson, D.J., Ainsworth, H., Barmby, P., Hewitt, C., Jones, K., Hendry, V., Askew, M., Bland, M., Coe, R., Higgins, S., Hodgen, J., Hulme, C. & Tymms, P. (2011). Every Child Counts: The Independent evaluation Executive Summary. Department for Education (DfE).
- Torgerson, C.J., Wiggins, A., Torgerson, D.J., Ainsworth, H., Barmby, P., Hewitt, C., Jones, K., Hendry, V., Askew, M., Bland, M., Coe, R., Higgins, S., Hodgen, J., Hulme, C. & Tymms, P. (2011). The Every Child Counts Independent Evaluation Report to DfE.
- Wiggins, A. & Torgerson, C. (2009). City GATES evaluation Phase 2: recommendations. CfBT.
- Hendry, V., Ainsworth, H. & Torgerson, C.J. (2009). Evaluating three models of school-university partnerships at the University of York: Learning lessons and planning for the future. HEFCE.
- Wiggins, A., Barmby, P., Kokotsaki, D., Lyth, A. & Torgerson, C. (2009). City GATES evaluation Phase 1: Existing data analysis. CfBT.
- Torgerson, C.J., See, B.H., Low, G. & Gorard, S. (2008). What are the factors that drive high post-16 participation of many minority ethnic groups, and what strategies are effective in encouraging participation? A focused review of the aspirations literature. EPPI-Centre, Social Science Research Unit, Institute of Education, University of London.
- Torgerson, C.J., See, B.H., Low, G. & Gorard, S. (2007). What are the factors that drive high post-16 participation of many minority ethnic groups, and what strategies are effective in encouraging participation? A systematic map, and a focused review of the internatinal intervention studies. EPPI-Centre, Social Sciences Research Unit, Institute of Education, University of London.
- Andrews, R., Torgerson, C.J., Low, G., McGuinn, N. & Robinson, A. (2006). Teaching argumentative non-fiction writing to 7-14 year olds: a systematic review of the evidence of successful practice. EPPI-Centre, Social Sciences Research Unit, Institute of Education, University of London.
- Andrews, R., Bilbro, R., Mitchell, S., Peake, K., Prior, P., Robinson, A., See, B.H. & Torgerson, C.J. (2006). Argumentative skills in first year undergraduates: a pilot study. The Higher Education Academy, York.
- Torgerson, C.J., Brooks, G. and & Hall, J. (2006). A systematic review of the research literature on the use of phonics in the teaching of reading and spelling. Department for Education and Skills.
- Torgerson, C.J., Andrews, R.J., Robinson, A.M. & See, B.H. (2006). A systematic review of effective methods and strategies for improving argumentation skills in undergraduate students in Higher Education. The Higher Education Academy, York.
- Torgerson, C.J., Brooks, G. & Hall, J. (2005). Literature review of phonics use. Department for Education and Skills.
- Andrews, R., Torgerson, C.J., Beverton, S., Freeman, A., Locke, T., Low, G., Robinson, A. & Zhu, D. (2004). The effect of grammar teaching (sentence combining) in English on 5 to 16 year olds' accuracy and quality in written composition. EPPI-Centre, Social Sciences Research Unit, Institute of Education, University of London.
- Andrews, R., Torgerson, C.J., Beverton, S., Locke, T., Low, G., Robinson, A. & Zhu, D. (2004). The effect of grammar teaching (Syntax) in English on 5 to 16 year olds' accuracy and quality in written composition. EPPI-Centre, Social Sciences Research Unit, Institute of Education, University of London.
- Torgerson, C.J., Brooks, G., Porthouse, J., Burton, M., Robinson, A., Watt, I. & Wright, K. (2003). Adult literacy and numeracy interventions and quantified outcomes: Scoping and systematic reviews. National Centre for Research and Development in Adult Literacy and Numeracy.
- Torgerson, C.J. & Zhu, D. (2003). A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of ICT on literacy learning in English. EPPI-Centre, Social Sciences Research Unit, Institute of Education, University of London.
- Torgerson, C.J., Brooks, G., Porthouse, J., Burton, M., Robinson, A., Watt, I. & Wright, K. (2002). A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials evaluating interventions in adult literacy and numeracy. National Centre for Research and Development in Adult Literacy and Numeracy.
- King, S., Bridle, C., Wright, K., Sowden, A. & Torgerson, C.J. (2002). Volunteering interventions and outcomes in the education, health and criminal justice literature: a scoping review. Home Office.
- Andrews, R., Burn, A., Leach, J., Locke, T., Low, G. & Torgerson, C.J. (2002). A systematic review of the impact of networked ICT on 5-16 year olds' literacy in English. EPPI-Centre, Social Sciences Research Unit, Institute of Education, University of London.