Staff profile

Personal webpage

Charles Augarde is Head of Department and Professor of Civil Engineering in the Department of Engineering. 

After graduating in Engineering from Lancaster University in 1986 he spent six years in industry, working for Manchester City Engineer's Dept on road, bridge and sewer design and construction, achieving Chartered Engineer (CEng) status in 1992. He then studied for an MSc in Structural Engineering at Heriot-Watt University (1993) and a DPhil (=PhD) at Oxford University (1997), where he was also a College Lecturer at Keble College. After his DPhil, and a brief period as a lecturer in structural engineering at the University of Westminster, he returned to Oxford as a Departmental Lecturer in Engineering Science (1997-2001) and a College Lecturer at St Anne's College. Charles joined Durham in 2001 as a Lecturer, was promoted to Senior Lecturer in 2007, Reader in 2011 and Professor in 2013. he took over as Head of Department in August 2022.

Research and Teaching

Charles's main research interest is numerical modelling of geotechnical and structural engineering problems using finite element, meshless and scaled boundary methods, examining ways to improve efficiency and accuracy including novel solution methods. Charles is also interested in unsaturated soil mechanics particularly as applied to sustainable earthen construction materials, such as "rammed earth", both for new build and for the conservation of heritage earth structures. 

Charles is currently on the editorial boards for the international journals Acta Geotechnica, Theoretical & Applied Fracture Mechanics, Underground Space, Computers and Structures, and and is a former member of the editorial boards of Geotechnique, Geotechnique Letters and Computers and Geotechnics. Charles was President of the UK Association for Computational Mechanics (UKACM) 2016-2019, and is a member of committees TC103 and TC301 of the International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE). He is also a Chartered Civil Engineer and a Fellow of the Institution of Civil Engineers. For more information, go to his personal webpage.

In the Department Charles currently (2023-4) teaches 4th Year/MSc non-linear solid mechanics and contributes to 3rd year Civil Design. Charles has held many admin roles at Durham including Deputy Head (Postgraduate) of the Science Faculty, and in Engineering, Deputy Head of Department, Chair of the Board of Examiners, REF Impact Officer, Undergraduate Admissions Tutor and Director of Postgraduate Research.

• Computational Mechanics
• Geotechnical Engineering
• Meshless Methods
• Finite Elements
• Computational Fracture
• Earthen Construction
• Unsaturated Soil Mechanics

• 2000: Editorial Board member for Computers and Structures:
• 2000: Editorial Board Member: Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics:
• 2000: Editorial Board member for Geotechnique:
• 2000: Editorial Board Member for Acta Geotechnica:
• 2000: Editorial Board member for Underground Space:
• 2000: Editorial Board member for Geotechnique Letters: 2014-2018
• 2000: President of the UK Association for Computational Mechanics (UKACM): 2016-2019

Authored book

• Jaquin, P., & Augarde, C. (2012). Earth building: History, science and conservation. BREPress

Chapter in book

• Zhang, Y., Gallipoli, D., & Augarde, C. (2009). Parallel Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization and Applications in Geotechnical Engineering. In Z. Cai, Z. Li, Z. Kang, & Y. Liu (Eds.), Advances in computation and intelligence (466-475). Springer Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04843-2_49
• Augarde, C. (2003). Numerical models in soft ground tunnelling. In B. Topping (Ed.), Progress in civil and structural engineering computing (285-314). Saxe-Coburg
• Augarde, C. (2001). Settlement induced damage to masonry structures. In J. Bull (Ed.), Computational modelling of masonry, brickwork and blockwork structures. Saxe-Coburg Publications

Conference Paper

• Bird, R., Coombs, W., Augarde, C., Brown, M., Sharif, Y., Carter, G., …Macdonald, C. (2023). Cone Penetration Tests (CPTs) in layered soils: a Material Point approach. In L. Zdravkovic, S. Kontoe, D. . M. . G. Taborda, & A. Tsiampousi (Eds.), . https://doi.org/10.53243/numge2023-743
• Gavin, N., Bird, R. E., Coombs, W. M., & Augarde, C. E. (2023). An open-source Julia code for geotechnical MPM. In L. Zdravkovic, S. Kontoe, D. M. G. Taborda, & A. Tsiampousi (Eds.), . https://doi.org/10.53243/numge2023-35
• Gavin, N., Coombs, W., Brigham, J., & Augarde, C. (2023). On the development of a material point method compatible arc length solver for large deformation solid mechanics.
• Coombs, W., Wang, L., & Augarde, C. (2021). Overcoming Volumetric Locking in Three-Dimensional Material Point Analysis. In M. Barla, A. Di Donna, & D. Sterpi (Eds.), Challenges and Innovations in Geomechanics. IACMAG 2021 (772-778). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64514-4_82
• Muguda, S., Lucas, G., Hughes, P., Augarde, C., Cuccurullo, A., Bruno, A. W., …Gallipoli, D. (2019). Advances in the Use of Biological Stabilisers and Hyper-compaction for Sustainable Earthen Construction Materials. In B. V. Reddy, M. Mani, & P. Walker (Eds.), Earthen dwellings and structures (191-201). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-5883-8_17
• Muguda, S., Hughes, P., Augarde, C., Perlot, C., Bruno, A., & Gallipoli, D. (2019). Geotechnical characterisation of recycled biopolymer-stabilised earthen materials.
• Matsui, H., Robinson, S., Brown, M., Brennan, A., Cortis, M., Coombs, W., & Augarde, C. (2019). Investigation into the effect of plough share leading geometry angle on cable plough performance.
• Wang, L., Cortis, M., Coombs, W., Augarde, C., Brown, M., Knappett, J., …Blake, A. (2019). On Implementation Aspects of Implicit MPM for 3D Analysis.
• Coombs, W., Augarde, C., Brennan, A., Brown, M., Charlton, T., Knappett, J., …Wang, L. (2019). On the issues associated with applying traditional Lagrangian mechanics to the material point method.
• Muguda, S., Booth, S., Hughes, P., Augarde, C., Perlot, C., Bruno, A., & Gallipoli, D. (2018). Preliminary study on use of biopolymers in earthen construction.
• Cuccurullo, A., Gallipoli, D., Bruno, A., La Borderie, C., Augarde, C., & Hughes, P. (2018). The effect of ambient humidity on the stiffness and strength of a hyper-compacted silty clay for earth building.
• Davidson, C., Al-Baghdadi, T., Brown, M., Knappett, J., Brennan, A., Augarde, C., …Ball, J. (2018). Centrifuge modelling of screw piles for offshore wind energy foundations. In A. McNamara, S. Divall, R. Goodey, N. Taylor, S. Stallebrass, & J. Panchal (Eds.), Physical modelling in geotechnics : proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Physical Modelling in Geotechnics (ICPMG 2018), July 17-20, 2018, London, United Kingdom. Volume 1 (695-700)
• Wang, L., Coombs, W. M., Augarde, C. E., Brown, M. J., Knappett, J., Brennan, A., …Blake, A. (2018). On the use of the material point method to model problems involving large rotational deformation. In A. S. Cardoso, J. L. Borges, P. A. Costa, A. T. Gomes, J. C. Marques, & C. S. Vieira (Eds.), Numerical Methods in Geotechnical Engineering IX, Volume 1 : Proceedings of the 9th European Conference on Numerical Methods in Geotechnical Engineering (NUMGE 2018), June 25-27, 2018, Porto, Portugal (585-592)
• Augarde, C., Bing, Y., Charlton, T., Coombs, W., Cortis, M., Brown, M., & Brennan, A. (2018). Issues with the Material Point Method for geotechnical modelling, and how to address them. In A. . S. Cardoso, J. . L. Borges, P. . A. Costa, A. . T. Gomes, J. . C. Marques, & C. . S. Vieira (Eds.), Numerical Methods in Geotechnical Engineering IX, Volume 1 : Proceedings of the 9th European Conference on Numerical Methods in Geotechnical Engineering (NUMGE 2018), June 25-27, 2018, Porto, Portugal (593-601)
• Davidson, C., Al-Baghdadi, T., Brown, M., Knappett, J., Brennan, A., Augarde, C., …Ball, J. (2018). A modified CPT based installation torque prediction for large screw piles in sand. In M. A. Hicks, F. Pisanò, & J. Peuchen (Eds.), Cone Penetration Testing IV 2018 : proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Cone Penetration Testing (CPT'18), 21-22 June, 2018, Delft, The Netherlands (255-261). https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429505980
• Hashim, A., Coombs, W., Hattori, G., & Augarde, C. (2018). Comparison of implicit and explicit methods for non-ordinary state-based peridynamics for quasi-static problems.
• Cuccurullo, A., Gallipoli, D., Bruno, A. W., Augarde, C. E., Hughes, P., & La Borderie, C. (2018). Influence of soil grading on the hygro-mechancal properties of hyper-compacted earth for masonry construction. In G. Milani, A. Taliercio, & S. Garrity (Eds.),
• Al-Baghdadi, T., Brown, M., Davidson, C., Knappett, J., Brennan, A., Wang, L., …Blake, A. (2017). CPT-based design procedure for installation torque prediction for screw piles installed in sand. In Offshore site investigation and geotechnics : integrated geotechnologies - present and future : proceedings of the 8th international conference, held 12–14 September 2017 at the Royal Geographical Society, London (346-353)
• Robinson, S., Brown, M., Brennan, A., Cortis, M., Augarde, C., & Coombs, W. (2017). Improvement of seabed cable plough tow force prediction models. In Offshore site investigation and geotechnics : integrated geotechnologies - present and future. Proceedings of the 8th international conference, held 12–14 September 2017 at the Royal Geographical Society, London (914-921)
• Charlton, T. J., Coombs, W. M., & Augarde, C. E. (2017). On the implementation of gradient plasticity with the material point method. In A. Faramarzi, & S. Dirar (Eds.), Proceedings of the 25th Conference on Computational Mechanics (UKACM 2017) : 11th – 13th April 2017, School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK (240-243)
• Mukwiri, R., Ghaffari Motlagh, Y., Coombs, W., & Augarde, C. (2017). Energy dissipation in granular materials in triaxial tests. In A. Faramarzi, & S. Dirar (Eds.), Proceedings of the 25th Conference on Computational Mechanics (UKACM 2017) : 11th – 13th April 2017, School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK (191-194)
• Wang, L., Coombs, W., Augarde, C., & Brown, M. (2017). Implicit MPM with second-order convected particle domain interpolation. In A. Faramarzi, & S. Dirar (Eds.), Proceedings of the 25th Conference on Computational Mechanics (UKACM 2017) : 11th – 13th April 2017, School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK (264-267)
• Hashim, N., Coombs, W., Hattori, G., & Augarde, C. (2017). An implicit implementation of non-ordinary state-based peridynamics. In A. Faramarzi, & S. Dirar (Eds.), Proceedings of the 25th Conference on Computational Mechanics (UKACM 2017) : 11th – 13th April 2017, School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK (134-137)
• Cortis, M., Coombs, W. M., Augarde, C. E., Robinson, S., Brennan, A., & Brown, M. (2017). The modelling of soil-tool interaction using the material point method. In A. Faramarzi, & S. Dirar (Eds.), Proceedings of the 25th Conference on Computational Mechanics (UKACM 2017) : 11th – 13th April 2017, School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK (211-214)
• Charlton, T., Coombs, W., & Augarde, C. (2017). Gradient elasto-plasticity with the generalised interpolation material point method. Procedia engineering, 175, 110-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.01.036
• Wang, L., Coombs, W., Augarde, C., Brown, M., Knappett, J., Brennan, A., …Blake, A. (2017). Modelling screwpile installation using the MPM. Procedia engineering, 175, 124-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.01.040
• Cortis, M., Coombs, W., Augarde, C., Robinson, S., Brown, M., & Brennan, A. (2017). Modelling seabed ploughing using the material point method. In A. Rohe, K. Soga, H. Teunissen, & B. Z. Coelho (Eds.), . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.01.002
• Bing, Y., Cortis, M., Charlton, T., Coombs, W., & Augarde, C. (2017). Boundary representation and boundary condition imposition in the material point method. In A. Faramarzi, & S. Dirar (Eds.),
• Fan, L., Augarde, C. E., & Coombs, W. M. (2017). The point collocation method with a local maximum entropy approach. In A. Faramarzi, & S. Dirar (Eds.),
• Robinson, S., Brown, M., Brennan, A., Cortis, M., Augarde, C., & Coombs, W. (2016). Improving seabed cable plough performance for offshore renewable energy. In C. Guedes Soares, (Ed.), Progress in renewable energies offshore : proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Renewable Energies Offshore (RENEW2016), Lisbon, Portugal, 24-26 October 2016 (1-7). https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315229256
• Cortis, M., Coombs, W., & Augarde, C. (2016). Implicit essential boundaries in the Material Point Method. In Proceedings of the 24th UK Conference of the Association for Computational Mechanics in Engineering, 31 March - 01 April 2016, Cardiff University, Cardiff (116-119)
• Charlton, T., Coombs, W., & Augarde, C. (2016). Gradient elasticity with the material point method. In Proceedings of the 24th UK Conference of the Association for Computational Mechanics in Engineering, 31 March - 01 April 2016, Cardiff University, Cardiff (112-115)
• Mukwiri, R., Ghaffari Motlagh, Y., Coombs, W., & Augarde, C. (2016). Energy dissipation in granular material under 1D compression. In Proceedings of the 24th UK Conference of the Association for Computational Mechanics in Engineering, 31 March - 01 April 2016, Cardiff University, Cardiff (231-234)
• Ai, W., Augarde, C., & Trevelyan, J. (2016). Branched crack modelling with the Cracking Particle Method. In Proceedings of the 24th UK Conference of the Association for Computational Mechanics in Engineering, 31 March - 01 April 2016, Cardiff University, Cardiff (125-128)
• Robinson, S., Brown, M. J., Brennan, A. J., Cortis, M., Augarde, C. E., & Coombs, W. M. (2016). Development of low cost 3D soil surface scanning for physical modelling.
• Leung, A., Anastasopoulos, I., Augarde, C., Barreto, D., Brennan, A., Brown, M., …Zielinski, M. (2015). An overview of research activities and achievement in Geotechnics from the Scottish Universities Geotechnics Network (SUGN). In M. . G. Winter, D. . M. Smith, P. . J. . L. Eldred, & D. . G. Toll (Eds.), Geotechnical engineering for infrastructure and development : XVI European conference on soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering (4289-4294)
• Augarde, C. E., Smith, J. C., Corbin, A. C., Ciancio, D., Beckett, C. T. S., & Jaquin, P. A. (2015). Geotechnical aspects of earthen construction materials. In M. G. Winter, D. M. Smith, P. J. L. Eldred, & D. G. Toll (Eds.), Geotechnical engineering for infrastructure and development : XVI European conference on soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering (535-540). https://doi.org/10.1680/ecsmge.60678
• Corbin, A. C., & Augarde, C. E. (2015). Investigation into the shear behaviour of rammed earth using shear box tests. In S. Amziane, & M. Sonebi (Eds.), Proceedings of the First International Conference on Bio-based Building Materials (93-98)
• Charlton, T. J., Coombs, W. M., & Augarde, C. E. (2015). On the implicit implementation of the Generalised Interpolation Material Point method. In A. J. Gil, & R. Sevilla (Eds.), Proceedings of the 23rd Conference on Computational Mechanics, ACME-UK 2015 (413-416)
• Charlton, T., Coombs, W., & Augarde, C. (2014). A review of the Material Point Method and its links to other computational methods. In A. Javadi, & M. S. Hussain (Eds.), Proceedings of the 22nd UK National Conference of the Association for Computational Mechanics in Engineering, 2nd - 4th April 2014, University of Exeter, UK (17-20)
• Ullah, Z., Augarde, C., & Coombs, W. (2013). Three-dimensional FE-EFGM adaptive coupling and its applications in the nonlinear adaptive analysis. In A. Osman, I. Akkerman, C. Augarde, W. Coombs, R. Crouch, T. Koziara, & J. Trevelyan (Eds.),
• Coombs, W. M., Crouch, R. S., & Augarde, C. E. (2011). On the f fields of inadmissible stress space. In E. Oñate, D. R. J. Owen, D. Peric, & B. Suárez (Eds.), Computational plasticity XI: fundamentals and applications
• Coombs, W. M., Crouch, R. S., & Augarde, C. E. (2011). Unique Critical State Hyperplasticity. In O. Laghrouche, A. EL Kacimi, P. Woodward, & G. Medero (Eds.), Proceedings of the 19th UK National Conference of the Association for Computational Mechanics in Engineering : 5-6 April 2011, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh (49-52)
• Lourenço, S. D. N., Gallipoli, D., Toll, D. G., Augarde, C. E., & Evans, F. D. (2011). Advances in tensiometer-based suction control systems. In E. Alonso, & A. Gens (Eds.), Unsaturated soils (695-700). https://doi.org/10.1201/b10526-108
• Beckett, C. T. S., & Augarde, C. E. (2010). Development of microstructure in compacted earth building materials. In E. Alonso, & A. Gens (Eds.), Unsaturated soils : proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Unsaturated Soils, Barcelona, Spain, 6-8 September 2010 (139-144). https://doi.org/10.1201/b10526-11
• Coombs, W., Crouch, R., & Augarde, C. (2010). 70-line 3D finite deformation elastoplastic finite-element code. In B. T., & N. S. (Eds.), Numerical methods in geotechnical engineering : proceedings of the seventh european conference on numerical methods in geotechnical engineering, Trondheim, Norway, 2-4 June 2010 (151-156). https://doi.org/10.1201/b10551-28
• Heaney, C., Augarde, C., Deeks, A., Coombs, W., & Crouch, R. (2010). Advances in meshless methods with application to geotechnics. In T. Benz, & S. Nordal (Eds.), Numerical Methods in Geotechnical Engineering (239-244)
• Zhang, Y., Feng, X., Gallipoli, D., & Augarde, C. E. (2010). Parameter Identification of BBM Model Using a Parallel Asynchronous Differential Evolution Algorithm. In E. Alonso, & A. Gens (Eds.), Unsaturated soils : proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Unsaturated Soils, Barcelona, Spain, 6-8 September 2010 (1001-1007). https://doi.org/10.1201/b10526-154
• Zhuang, X. Y., & Augarde, C. E. (2009). The effects of nodal arrangement on solution accuracy in meshless methods. In C. Sansour (Ed.), Proceedings of the 17th annual conference of association of computational mechanics in engineering, Nottingham, UK, 6–8 April 2009 (125-128)
• Coombs, W., Crouch, R., & Augarde, C. (2009). On the necessity for rotational yielding in anisotropic plasticity. In C. Sansour (Ed.), 17th UK Conference on Computational Mechanics (ACME-UK) (345-348)
• Lourenço, S. D. N., Toll, D. G., Augarde, C. E., Gallipoli, D., Congreve, A., Smart, T., & Evans, F. (2008). Observations of unsaturated soils by Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy in dynamic mode. In Unsaturated soils : advances in geo-engineering : proceedings of the 1st European Conference on Unsaturated Soils, E-UNSAT 2008, Durham, United Kingdom, 2-4 July 2008 (145-150). https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203884430.ch15
• Jaquin, P. A., Augarde, C. E., & Legrand, L. (2008). Unsaturated characteristics of rammed earth. In D. G. Toll, C. E. Augarde, D. Gallipoli, & S. J. Wheeler (Eds.), Unsaturated soils : advances in geo-engineering : proceedings of the 1st European Conference on Unsaturated Soils, E-UNSAT 2008, Durham, United Kingdom, 2-4 July 2008 (417-422). https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203884430.ch53
• Bird, G. E., Trevelyan, J., & Augarde, C. E. (2008). Efficient Calculation of Stress Intensity Factors using a Coupled BEM-SBFEM Algorithm. In B. A. Schrefler, & U. Perego (Eds.), 8th World Congress on Computational Mechanics WCCM8. 5th European Congress on Computational Methods in Applied Sciences and Engineering ECCOMAS 2008
• Augarde, C. E., Crouch, R. S., Li, T., & Ramage, A. (2008). The Effects of Geotechnical Material Properties on the convergence of iterative Solvers. In D. Singh (Ed.),
• Jaquin, P., Augarde, C., & Gerrard, C. (2007). Historic rammed earth structures in Spain: construction techniques and a preliminary classification. In B. V. Venkatarama Reddy, & M. Mani (Eds.), Proceedings of International Symposium on Earthen Structures 2007
• Mendes, J., Gallipoli, D., Augarde, C., Toll, D., & Medero, G. (2007). Suction measurements of a sandy-clay soil with the filter paper technique.
• Zhang, Y., Gallipoli, D., & Augarde, C. (2007). Parallel Computing of Unsaturated Soils Using Element-By-Element and Domain Decomposition Methods. In Z. Z. Yin, J. P. Yuan, & A. C. .. Chiu (Eds.),
• Augarde, C. E., & Deeks, A. J. (2006). A coupled meshfree/scaled boundary method. In G. R. Liu (Ed.), Computational Methods (1429-1433). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-3953-9_65
• Jaquin, P., Augarde, C., & Gerrard, C. (2006). Analysis of historic rammed earth construction. In P. B. Lourenco, P. Roca, C. Modena, & S. Agrawal (Eds.),
• Gallipoli, D., Toll, D., Augarde, C., Tarantino, A., De Gennaro, V., Vaunat, J., …Mancuso, C. (2006). The MUSE Network: sharing research expertise on unsaturated soils across Europe. In G. A. Miller, C. E. Zapata, S. L. Houston, & D. G. Fredlund (Eds.), 4th International Conference on Unsaturated Soils ; 2-5 April, 2006, Carefree, AZ, USA.; proceedings. https://doi.org/10.1061/40802%28189%29175
• Augarde, C. E., Staudacher, J., & Ramage, A. (2005). On preconditioning strategies for geotechnics. In G. Barla, & M. Barla (Eds.),
• Lazarov, B., & Augarde, C. (2005). Object Oriented Design of Parallel and Sequential Finite Element Codes.
• Koungelis, D., & Augarde, C. (2004). Interaction between multiple tunnels in soft ground. In A. J. Deeks, & H. Hao (Eds.), Developments in mechanics of structures & materials : proceedings of the 18th Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, Perth, Australia, 1-3 December 2004 (1031-1036)
• Jaquin, P. A., Augarde, C. E., & Gerrard, C. M. (2004). Analysis of Tapial structures for modern use and conservation. In C. Modena, P. B. Lourenço, & P. Roca (Eds.), Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions - 2 Volume Set: Possibilities of Numerical and Experimental Techniques - Proceedings of the IVth Int. Seminar on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions, 10-13 November 2004, Padova, Italy (1315-1321)
• Deeks, A., & Augarde, C. (2004). Stresses around a square tunnel using a meshless scaled boundary method.
• Augarde, C., Jaquin, P., & Gerrard, C. (2004). Analysis of Tapial structures for modern use and conservation.
• Ford, T. E., Augarde, C. E., & Tuxford, S. (2003). Modelling masonry arch bridges using commercial finite element software. In B. H. V. Topping (Ed.),

Doctoral Thesis

• Augarde, C. (1997). Numerical modelling of tunnelling processes for assessment of damage to buildings. (Thesis). Dept of Engineering Science, University of Oxford. Retrieved from https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1642198

Edited book

• Toll, D., Augarde, C., Gallipoli, D., & Wheeler, S. (Eds.). (2008). Unsaturated Soils. Advances in Geo-Engineering, Proceedings of the 1st European Conference, E-UNSAT 2008. Taylor and Francis

Journal Article

• Pretti, G., Coombs, W., Augarde, C., Marchena Puigvert, M., & Reyna Gutierrez, J. A. (2024). Preserving non-negative porosity values in a bi-phase elasto-plastic material under Terzaghi’s effective stress principle. Mechanics of Materials, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmat.2024.104958
• Gavin, N., Pretti, G., Coombs, W., Brigham, J., & Augarde, C. (2024). On the Implementation of a Material Point-Based Arc-Length Method. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.7438
• O'Hare, T., Gourgiotis, P., Coombs, W., & Augarde, C. (2024). An implicit Material Point Method for micropolar solids undergoing large deformations. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 419, Article 116668. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2023.116668
• Bird, R. E., Augarde, C. E., Coombs, W. M., Duddu, R., Giani, S., Huynh, P. T., & Sims, B. (2023). An hp-adaptive discontinuous Galerkin method for phase field fracture. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 416, Article 116336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2023.116336
• Pretti, G., Coombs, W., Augarde, C., Sims, B., Puigvert, M., & Gutierrez, J. (2023). A conservation law consistent updated Lagrangian material point method for dynamic analysis. Journal of Computational Physics, 485, Article 112075. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2023.112075
• Wang, J., Hughes, P. N., & Augarde, C. E. (2023). Effects of fibre additions on the tensile strength and crack behaviour of unsaturated clay. Ground Improvement, 176(2), 108-120. https://doi.org/10.1680/jgrim.21.00006
• Wang, J., Hughes, P. N., & Augarde, C. E. (2023). Towards a predictive model of the shear strength behaviour of fibre reinforced clay. European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, https://doi.org/10.1080/19648189.2023.2214596
• Thompson, D., Augarde, C., & Osorioa, J. P. (2022). A review of current construction guidelines to inform the design of rammed earth houses in seismically active zones. Journal of Building Engineering, 54, Article 104666. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2022.104666
• Cuccurullo, A., Gallipoli, D., Bruno, A., Augarde, C., Hughes, P., & La Borderie, C. (2022). Earth stabilisation via carbonate precipitation by plant-derived urease for building applications. Geomechanics for Energy and the Environment, 30, Article 100230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gete.2020.100230
• Wilkinson, G., & Augarde, C. (2022). A serviceability investigation of dowel-type timber connections featuring single softwood dowels. Engineering Structures, 260, Article 114210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2022.114210
• Davidson, C., Brown, M., Cerfontaine, B., Knappett, J., Brennan, A., Al-Baghdadi, T., …Ball, J. (2022). Physical modelling to demonstrate the feasibility of screw piles for offshore jacket supported wind energy structures. Géotechnique, 72(2), 108-126. https://doi.org/10.1680/jgeot.18.p.311
• Muguda, S., Hughes, P., Augarde, C., Perlot, C., Bruno, A., & Gallipoli, D. (2022). Cross-linking of biopolymers for stabilising earthen construction materials. Building Research and Information, 50(5), 502-514. https://doi.org/10.1080/09613218.2021.2001304
• Pretti, G., Coombs, W., & Augarde, C. (2022). A Displacement-controlled Arc-Length Solution Scheme. Computers and Structures, 258, Article 106674. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2021.106674
• Augarde, C., Lee, S., & Loukidis, D. (2021). Numerical modelling of large deformation problems in geotechnical engineering: A state-of-the-art review. Soils and Foundations, 61(6), 1718-1735. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2021.08.007
• Cuccurullo, A., Gallipoli, D., Bruno, A., Augarde, C., Hughes, P., & La Borderie, C. (2021). A comparative study of the effects of particle grading and compaction effort on the strength and stiffness of earth building materials at different humidity levels. Construction and Building Materials, 306, Article 124770. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.124770
• Fan, L., Coombs, W., & Augarde, C. (2021). An adaptive local maximum entropy point collocation method for linear elasticity  . Computers and Structures, 256, Article 106644. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2021.106644
• Robinson, S., Brown, M., Matsui, H., Brennan, A., Augarde, C., Coombs, W., & Cortis, M. (2021). A cone penetration test (CPT) approach to cable plough performance prediction based upon centrifuge model testing. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 58(10), 1466-1477. https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2020-0366
• Sharif, Y., Brown, M., Cerfontaine, B., Davidson, C., Ciantia, M., Knappett, J., …Ottolini, M. (2021). Effects of screw pile installation on installation requirements and in-service performance using the Discrete Element Method. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 58(9), 1334-1350. https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2020-0241
• Wang, L., Coombs, W., Augarde, C., Cortis, M., Brown, M., Brennan, A., …White, A. (2021). An efficient and locking-free material point method for three dimensional analysis with simplex elements. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 122(15), 3876-3899. https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.6685
• Cerfontaine, B., Knappett, J., Brown, M., Davidson, C., Al-Baghdadi, T., Sharif, Y., …Ball, J. (2021). A Finite Element approach for determining the full load-displacement relationship of axially-loaded shallow screw anchors, incorporating installation effects. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 58(4), 565-582. https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2019-0548
• Vincenzini, A., Augarde, C., & Gioffre, M. (2021). Experimental characterization of natural fibre–soil interaction: lessons for earthen construction. Materials and Structures, 54, Article 110. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-021-01703-z
• Cuccurullo, A., Gallipoli, D., Bruno, A. W., Augarde, C., Hughes, P., & La Borderie, C. (2020). Influence of particle grading on the hygromechanical properties of hypercompacted earth. Journal of Building Pathology and Rehabilitation, 5(1), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41024-019-0066-4
• Hashim, N. A., Coombs, W., Augarde, C., & Hattori, G. (2020). An implicit non-ordinary state-based peridynamics with stabilised correspondence material model for finite deformation analysis. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 371, Article 113304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2020.113304
• Muguda, S., Lucas, G., Hughes, P., Augarde, C., Perlot, C., Bruno, A., & Gallipoli, D. (2020). Durability and hygroscopic behaviour of biopolymer stabilised earthen construction materials. Construction and Building Materials, 259, Article 119725. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119725
• Nguyen, K., Augarde, C., Coombs, W., Nguyen-Xuan, H., & Abdel-Wahab, M. (2020). Non-conforming multipatches for NURBS-based finite element analysis of higher-order phase-field models for brittle fracture. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 235, Article 107133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2020.107133
• Coombs, W., & Augarde, C. (2020). AMPLE: A Material Point Learning Environment. Advances in Engineering Software, 139, Article 102748. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advengsoft.2019.102748
• Lu, K., Coombs, W., Augarde, C., & Hu, L. (2020). An implicit boundary finite element method with extension to frictional sliding boundary conditions and elasto-plastic analyses. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 358, Article 112620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2019.112620
• Coombs, W., Augarde, C., Brennan, A., Brown, M., Charlton, T., Knappett, J., …Wang, L. (2020). On Lagrangian mechanics and the implicit material point method for large deformation elasto-plasticity. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 358, Article 112622. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2019.112622
• Robinson, S., Brown, M., Matsui, H., Brennan, A., Augarde, C., Coombs, W., & Cortis, M. (2019). Centrifuge testing to verify scaling of offshore pipeline ploughs. International Journal of Physical Modelling in Geotechnics, 19(6), 305-317. https://doi.org/10.1680/jphmg.17.00075
• Wang, L., Coombs, W., Augarde, C., Cortis, M., Charlton, T., Brown, M., …Blake, A. (2019). On the use of domain-based material point methods for problems involving large distortion. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 355, 1003-1025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2019.07.011
• Ai, W., & Augarde, C. E. (2019). Thermoelastic fracture modelling in 2D by an adaptive cracking particle method without enrichment functions. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 160, 343-357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2019.06.033
• Ai, W., Bird, R., Coombs, W., & Augarde, C. (2019). A configurational force driven cracking particle method for modelling crack propagation in 2D. Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements, 104, 197-208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enganabound.2019.03.008
• Lu, K., Augarde, C., Coombs, W., & Hu, Z. (2019). Weak impositions of Dirichlet boundary conditions in solid mechanics: a critique of current approaches and extension to partially prescribed boundaries. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 348, 632-659. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2019.01.035
• Bing, Y., Cortis, M., Charlton, T., Coombs, W., & Augarde, C. (2019). B-spline based boundary conditions in the material point method. Computers and Structures, 212, 257-274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2018.11.003
• Ai, W., & Augarde, C. E. (2018). A multi-cracked particle method for complex fracture problems in 2D. Mathematics and Computers in Simulation, 150, 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matcom.2018.02.005
• Ai, W., & Augarde, C. (2018). An adaptive cracking particle method providing explicit and accurate description of 3D crack surfaces. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 114(12), 1291-1309. https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.5786
• Fan, L., Coombs, W., & Augarde, C. (2018). The point collocation method with a local maximum entropy approach. Computers and Structures, 201, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2018.02.008
• Coombs, W., Charlton, T., Cortis, M., & Augarde, C. (2018). Overcoming volumetric locking in material point methods. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 333, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2018.01.010
• Beckett, C., Augarde, C., Easton, D., & Easton, T. (2018). Strength characterisation of soil-based construction materials. Géotechnique, 68(5), 400-409. https://doi.org/10.1680/jgeot.16.p.288
• Cortis, M., Coombs, W., Augarde, C., Brown, M., Brennan, A., & Robinson, S. (2018). Imposition of essential boundary conditions in the material point method. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 113(1), 130-152. https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.5606
• Muguda, S., Booth, S. J., Hughes, P. N., Augarde, C. E., Perlot, C., Bruno, A. W., & Gallipoli, D. (2017). Mechanical properties of biopolymer-stabilised soil-based construction materials. Géotechnique Letters, 7(4), 309-314. https://doi.org/10.1680/jgele.17.00081
• Charlton, T., Coombs, W., & Augarde, C. (2017). iGIMP: An implicit generalised interpolation material point method for large deformations. Computers and Structures, 190, 108-125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2017.05.004
• Hattori, G., Trevelyan, J., Augarde, C., Coombs, W., & Aplin, A. (2017). Numerical simulation of fracking in shale rocks: current state and future approaches. Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering, 24(2), 281-317. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11831-016-9169-0
• Ai, W., & Augarde, C. (2016). An Adaptive Cracking Particle Method for 2D Crack Propagation. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 108(13), 1626-1648. https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.5269
• Readle, D., Coghlan, S., Smith, J., Corbin, A., & Augarde, C. (2016). Fibre reinforcement in earthen construction materials. Construction Materials, 169(5), 252-260. https://doi.org/10.1680/jcoma.15.00039
• Ciancio, D., Beckett, C., Augarde, C., & Jaquin, P. (2016). First International Conference on Rammed Earth Construction: report. Construction Materials, 169(5), 271-275. https://doi.org/10.1680/jcoma.15.00038
• Ullah, Z., Coombs, W., & Augarde, C. (2016). Parallel computations in nonlinear solid mechanics using adaptive finite element and meshless methods. Engineering Computations, 33(4), 1161-1191. https://doi.org/10.1108/ec-06-2015-0166
• Chambers, P., Augarde, C., Reed, S., & Dobbins, A. (2016). Temporary propping at Crossrail Paddington Station. Geotechnical Research, 3(1), 3-16. https://doi.org/10.1680/jgere.15.00009
• Dai, S., Augarde, C., Du, C., & Chen, D. (2015). A fully automatic polygon scaled boundary finite element method for modelling crack propagation. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 133, 163-178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2014.11.011
• Smith, J., & Augarde, C. (2014). Optimum water content tests for earthen construction materials. Construction Materials, 167(2), 114-123. https://doi.org/10.1680/coma.12.00040
• Zhuang, X., Cai, Y., & Augarde, C. (2014). A meshless sub-region radial point interpolation method for accurate calculation of crack tip fields. Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics, 69, 118-125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tafmec.2013.12.003
• Zhuang, X., Zhu, H., & Augarde, C. (2014). An improved meshless Shepard and least squares method possessing the delta property and requiring no singular weight function. Computational Mechanics, 53(2), 343-357. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00466-013-0912-1
• Corbin, A., & Augarde, C. (2014). Fracture Energy of Stabilised Rammed Earth. Procedia materials science, 3, 1675-1680. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mspro.2014.06.270
• Ullah, Z., Coombs, W., & Augarde, C. (2013). An adaptive finite element/meshless coupled method based on local maximum entropy shape functions for linear and nonlinear problems. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 267, 111-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2013.07.018
• Ciancio, D., & Augarde, C. (2013). Capacity of unreinforced rammed earth walls subject to lateral wind force: elastic analysis versus ultimate strength analysis. Materials and Structures, 46(9), 1569-1585. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-012-9998-8
• Beckett, C., Hall, M., & Augarde, C. (2013). Macrostructural changes in compacted earthen construction materials under loading. Acta Geotechnica, 8(4), 423-438. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-012-0203-6
• Beckett, C., & Augarde, C. (2013). Prediction of soil water retention properties using pore size distribution and porosity. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 50(4), 435-450. https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2012-0320
• Zhang, Y., Gallipoli, D., & Augarde, C. (2013). Parameter identification for elasto-plastic modelling of unsaturated soils from pressuremeter tests by parallel modified particle swarm optimization. Computers and Geotechnics, 48, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2012.08.004
• Coombs, W., Crouch, R., & Augarde, C. (2013). A unique Critical State two-surface hyperplasticity model for fine-grained particulate media. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 61(1), 175-189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmps.2012.08.002
• Ullah, Z., & Augarde, C. (2012). Finite deformation elasto-plastic modelling using an adaptive meshless method. Computers and Structures, 118, 39-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2012.04.001
• Zhuang, X., Heaney, C., & Augarde, C. (2012). On error control in the element-free Galerkin method. Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements, 36(3), 351-360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enganabound.2011.06.011
• Lourenco, S., Gallipoli, D., Augarde, C., Toll, D., Fisher, P., & Congreve, A. (2012). Formation and evolution of water menisci in unsaturated granular media. Géotechnique, 62(3), 193-199. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.11.p.034
• Zhuang, X., Augarde, C., & Mathiesen, K. (2012). Fracture modelling using meshless methods and level sets in 3D: framework and modelling. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 92(11), 969-998. https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.4365
• Sheng, D., Augarde, C., & Abbo, A. (2011). A fast algorithm for finding the first intersection with a non-convex yield surface. Computers and Geotechnics, 38(4), 465-471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2011.02.008
• Tarantino, A., Gallipoli, D., Augarde, C., De Gennaro, V., Gomez, R., Laloui, L., …Wheeler, S. (2011). Benchmark of experimental techniques for measuring and controlling suction. Géotechnique, 61(4), https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.2011.61.4.303
• Zhuang, X., Augarde, C., & Bordas, S. (2011). Accurate fracture modelling using meshless methods, the visibility criterion and level sets: Formulation and 2D modelling. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 86(2), 249-268. https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.3063
• enriched finite element approximations (XFEM/GFEM/PUFEM). International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 86(4-5), 637-666. https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.3156
• Lourenço, S., Gallipoli, D., Toll, D., Augarde, C., & Evans, F. (2011). A new procedure for the determination of the Soil Water Retention Curves by continuous drying using high suction tensiometers. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 48(2), 327-335. https://doi.org/10.1139/t10-062
• Toll, D., Lourenço, S., Mendes, J., Gallipoli, D., Evans, F., Augarde, C., …Tarantino, A. (2011). Soil suction monitoring for landslides and slopes. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, 44, 23-33. https://doi.org/10.1144/1470-9236/09-010
• Lourenço, S., Gallipoli, D., Augarde, C., Toll, D., & Evans, F. (2011). Towards a Tensiometer Based Suction Control System for Laboratory Testing of Unsaturated Soils. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 34(6), 755-764. https://doi.org/10.1520/gtj103755
• Beckett, C., & Augarde, C. (2011). Structure creation in earthen construction materials: information from dry soil mixtures. Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering in China, 5(2), 151-159. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11709-011-0109-7
• Beckett, C., & Augarde, C. (2011). A novel image-capturing technique for the experimental study of soil deformations during compaction. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 34(6), 571-578. https://doi.org/10.1520/gtj103517
• Bird, G., Trevelyan, J., & Augarde, C. (2010). A coupled BEM/Scaled Boundary FEM formulation for accurate computations in linear elastic fracture mechanics. Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements, 34(6), 599-610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enganabound.2010.01.007
• Coombs, W., Crouch, R., & Augarde, C. (2010). Reuleaux plasticity: analytical backward Euler stress integration and consistent tangent. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 199(25-28), 1733-1743. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2010.01.017
• Cai, Y., Zhuang, X., & Augarde, C. (2010). A new partition of unity finite element free from the linear dependence problem and possessing the delta property. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 199(17-20), 1036-1043. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2009.11.019
• Heaney, C., Augarde, C., & Deeks, A. (2010). Modelling elasto-plasticity using the hybrid MLPG method. Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, 56(2), 153-178
• Zhuang, X., & Augarde, C. (2010). Aspects of the use of orthogonal basis functions in the element-free Galerkin method. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 81(3), 366-380. https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.2696
• Jaquin, P., Augarde, C., Gallipoli, D., & Toll, D. (2009). The strength of unstabilised rammed earth materials. Géotechnique, 59(5), 487-490. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.2007.00129
• Zhang, Y., Gallipoli, D., & Augarde, C. (2009). Simulation-based calibration of geotechnical parameters using parallel hybrid moving boundary particle swarm optimization. Computers and Geotechnics, 36(4), 604-615. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2008.09.005
• Shiau, J., Augarde, C., Lyamin, A., & Sloan, S. (2008). Finite element limit analysis of passive earth resistance in cohesionless soils. Soils and Foundations, 48(6), 843-850
• Jaquin, P., Augarde, C., & Gerrard, C. (2008). Chronological description of the spatial development of rammed earth techniques. International Journal of Architectural Heritage: Conservation, Analysis and Restoration, 2(4), 377-400. https://doi.org/10.1080/15583050801958826
• Augarde, C., & Deeks, A. (2008). The use of Timoshenko's exact solution for a cantilever beam in adaptive analysis. Finite Elements in Analysis and Design, 44(9-10), 595-601. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.finel.2008.01.010
• Lourenço, S., Gallipoli, D., Toll, D., Augarde, C., Evans, F., & Medero, G. (2008). Calibrations of a high-suction tensiometer. Géotechnique, 58(8), 659-668. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.2008.58.8.659
• Augarde, C., Ramage, A., & Staudacher, J. (2007). Element-based preconditioners for elasto-plastic problems in geotechnical engineering. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 71(7), 757-779. https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.1947
• Deeks, A., & Augarde, C. (2007). A hybrid meshless local Petrov Galerkin method for unbounded domains. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 196(4-6), 843-852. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2006.06.011
• Augarde, C., Ramage, A., & Staudacher, J. (2006). An element-based displacement preconditioner for linear elasticity problems. Computers and Structures, 84(31-32), 2306-2315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2006.08.057
• Deeks, A., & Augarde, C. (2005). A meshless local Petrov-Galerkin scaled boundary method. Computational Mechanics, 36(3), 159-170. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00466-004-0649-y
• Augarde, C., Burd, H., & Houlsby, G. (2005). The influence of building weight on tunnelling-induced ground andbuilding deformation. Soils and Foundations, 45(4),
• Augarde, C., & Deeks, A. (2005). On the effects of nodal distributions for imposition of essential boundary conditions in the MLPG meshfree method. Communications in numerical methods in engineering, 21(7), 389-395. https://doi.org/10.1002/cnm.755
• Wisser, C., Augarde, C., & Burd, H. (2005). Numerical modelling of compensation grouting above shallow tunnels. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 29(5),
• Augarde, C. (2004). Generation of shape functions for rectangular plate elements. Communications in numerical methods in engineering, 20(8), 655-663. https://doi.org/10.1002/cnm.703
• Augarde, C., Lyamin, A., & Sloan, S. (2003). Prediction of undrained sinkhole collapse. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 129(3), 197-205. https://doi.org/10.1061/%28asce%291090-0241%282003%29129%3A3%28197%29
• Augarde, C., Lyamin, A., & Sloan, S. (2003). Stability of an undrained plane strain heading revisited. Computers and Geotechnics, 30(5), 419-430. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0266-352x%2803%2900009-0
• Augarde, C., Lyamin, A., & Sloan, S. (2003). Stability of an undrained plane strain heading revisited. Computers and Geotechnics, 30(5),
• Augarde, C., & Burd, H. (2001). Three-dimensional finite element analysis of lined tunnels. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 25(3),
• Liu, G., Houlsby, G., & Augarde, C. (2001). Two-dimensional analysis of settlement damage to masonry buildings due to tunnelling
• Davey, J., & Augarde, C. (2001). Models of skewed masonry arches
• Houlsby, G., Liu, G., & Augarde, C. (2000). A tying scheme for imposing displacement constraints in finite element analysis. Communications in numerical methods in engineering, 16(10), 721-732. https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-0887%28200010%2916%3A10%3C721%3A%3Aaid-cnm371%3E3.0.co%3B2-a
• Burd, H., Houlsby, G., Augarde, C., & Liu, G. (2000). Modelling tunnelling-induced settlement of masonry buildings. Geotechnical Engineering, 143(1),

Presentation

• Pretti, G., Coombs, W., & Augarde, C. (2022, April). A comparison of approaches for modelling poro-mechanics in the Material Point Method. Paper presented at UKACM 2022, Nottingham, UK
• O'Hare, T., & Augarde, C. (2022, April). The Virtual Element Method for Engineers. Paper presented at UKACM 2022, Nottingham, England
• Bird, R., Pretti, G., Coombs, W. M., Augarde, C. E., Sharif, Y., Brown, M., …Johnson, K. (2023, April). Cone penetration tests (CPTs) in bi-phase soils: A material point approach with rigid body interaction. Paper presented at UK Association for Computational Mechanics 2023 (UKACM 2023), University of Warwick, UK
• Gavin, N., Coombs, W., Brigham, J., & Augarde, C. (2022, April). MRI to MPM: Developing a Patient-specific Material Point Method Model of the Human Heart. Paper presented at UKACM 2022, Nottingham, UK
• O'Hare, T. J., Gourgiotis, P. A., Coombs, W. M., & Augarde, C. E. (2023, April). A geometrically-exact Finite Element Method for micropolar continua with finite deformations. Paper presented at UKACM 2023, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
• Pretti, G., Coombs, W., Augarde, C., Puigvert, M., Gutierrez, J., & Cross, L. (2022, August). A review of drag anchor penetration models to inform cable burial risk assessment. Paper presented at 4th International Symposium on Frontiers in Offshore Geotechnics (ISFOG), Austin, Texas
• Coombs, W., Augarde, C., Bing, Y., Charlton, T., Cortis, M., Ghaffari Motlagh, Y., & Wang, L. (2019, December). AMPLE: A Material Point Learning Environment. Paper presented at Second International Conference on the Material Point Method for Modelling Soil-Water-Structure Interaction, Cambridge, UK
• Wang, L., Coombs, W., & Augarde, C. (2018, July). On the Use of Advanced Material Point Methods for Problems Involving Large Rotational Deformation. Paper presented at 13th World Congress on Computational Mechanics / 2nd Pan American Congress on Computational Mechanics (WCCM 2018), New York, USA
• Wang, L., Coombs, W., & Augarde, C. (2018, June). On the use of advanced material point methods for problems involving large rotational deformation. Paper presented at 6th European Conference on Computational Mechanics and 7th European Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics, Glasgow, UK

Report

• Ullah, Z., Augarde, C., & Coombs, W. (2013). Local maximum entropy shape functions based FE-EFGM coupling. [No known commissioning body]