Staff profile

Research Interests

My general areas of interest are: Organic synthesis (natural products, heterocyclic and medicinal chemistry), Organometallic chemistry, Catalyst design and application, Meso flow chemistry, Microfluidics, Microwave assisted synthesis, Solid supported reagents and scavengers, and facilitated reaction optimisation using Robotics and Automation.

My primary research direction is the synthesis of biologically potent molecules which encompasses the design, development and integration of new processing techniques for their preparation and solving challenges associated with the syntheses of new pharmaceutical and agrochemical compounds. In our work we utilise the latest synthesis tools and enabling technologies such as microwave reactors, solid supported reagents and scavengers, enzymes, membrane reactors and flow chemistry platforms to facilitate the bond making sequence and expedite the purification procedure. A central aspect of our investigations is our pioneering work on flow chemical synthesis and microreactor technology as a means of improving the speed, efficiency, and safety of various chemical transformations. As a part of these studies we are attempting to devise new chemical reactions that are not inherently feasible or would be problematic under standard laboratory conditions. It is our further challenge to enhance the automation associated with these reactor devices to impart a certain level of intelligence to their function so that repetitive wasteful actions currently performed by chemists can be delegated to a machine; for example, reagent screening or reaction optimisation. We use these technologies as tools to enhance our synthetic capabilities but strongly believe in not becoming slaves to any methodology or equipment.

For those interested in our research and wishing to find out more we invite you to visit our website at: http://www.dur.ac.uk/i.r.baxendale/

• Automation
• Flow Synthesis
• Organic Chemistry
• Process Chemsitry
• Scale-up
• Synthetic Chemistry

Chapter in book

• Baumann, M., & Baxendale., I. (2018). Flow Chemistry Approaches Applied to the Synthesis of Saturated Heterocycles. In U. K. Sharma, & E. V. Van der Eycken (Eds.), Flow Chemistry for the Synthesis of Heterocycles (187-236). Springer Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94328-2
• Myers, R., Roper, K., Baxendale, I., & Ley, S. (2012). The Evolution of Immobilized Reagents and their Application in Flow Chemistry for the Synthesis of Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Compounds. In J. Cossy, & S. Arseniyadis (Eds.), Modern tools for the synthesis of complex bioactive molecules (359-393). John Wiley and Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118342886.ch11
• Fukuyama, T., Rahman, M., Ryu, I., Baxendale, I., Hayward, J., Lanners, S., Ley, S., Smith, C., Ahmed-Omer, B., Wirth, T., Hessel, V., Löb, P., Löwe, H., Koch, K., Rutjes, F., & van Hest, J. (2008). Organic Chemistry in Microreactors. In T. Wirth (Ed.), Microreactors in Organic Synthesis and Catalysis (59-209). Wiley-VCH Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527622856.ch4
• Ley, S., Baxendale, I., Longbottom, D., & Myers, R. (2007). Natural Products as an Inspiration for the Discovery of New High-Throughput Chemical Synthesis Tools. In M. Chorghade (Ed.), Drug Discovery and Development: Drug Development, Volume 2 (51-89). John Wiley and Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470085226.ch18
• Ley, S., Baxendale, I., & Myers, R. (2007). Polymer-Supported Reagents and Scavengers in Synthesis. In J. Taylor, & D. Triggle (Eds.), Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry II (791-839). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b0-08-045044-x/00108-5
• Baxendale, I., & Ley, S. (2007). Solid Supported Reagents in Multi-Step Flow Synthesis. In P. Seeberger, & T. Blume (Eds.), New Avenues to Efficient Chemical Synthesis: Emerging Technologies (151-185). Springer Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1007/2789_2007_033
• Ley, S., Baxendale, I., & Myers, R. (2006). The Use of Polymer-Supported Reagents and Scavengers in the Synthesis of Natural Products. In M. Boldi (Ed.), Combinatorial synthesis of natural product-based libraries (131-163). CRC Press – Taylor & Francis
• Ley, S., Baxendale, I., & Myers, R. (2005). Evolution or Revolution: The Challenge to the Modern Medicinal Chemist. In The Chemical Theatre of Biological Systems. Proceedings of the International Beilstein Workshop, may 24th - 28th, 2004, Bozen, Italy (1-33). Logos-Verlag
• Baxendale, I., Lee, A.-L., & Ley, S. (2005). Integrating Microwave-Assisted Synthesis and Solid-Supported Reagents. In J. Tierney, & P. Lidström (Eds.), Microwave Assisted Organic Synthesis (133-176). Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444305548.ch6
• Baxendale, I., Grice, P., & Ley, S. (2003). Development of New Synthetic Tools for the Preparation of Biologically Active Molecules. In Chemical Probes in Biology Science at the Interface of Chemistry, Biology and Medicine (235-244). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0958-4_19
• Baxendale, I., Storer, R., & Ley, S. (2003). Supported Reagents and Scavengers in Multi-step Organic Synthesis. In M. Buchmeiser (Ed.), Polymeric materials in organic synthesis and catalysis (53-136). Wiley-VCH Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1002/3527601856.ch2
• Ley, S., & Baxendale, I. (2001). The Development and Application of Supported Reagents for Multi-step Organic Synthesis in Supported catalysts and their applications. In D. Sherrington, & A. Kybett (Eds.), Supported Catalysts and Their Applications (9-18). Royal Society of Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1039/9781847551962-00009

Conference Paper

• Baumann, M., Baxendale, I. R., Hayward, J. J., Hopkin, M. D., Jin, J., Kitching, M. O., Lanners, S., Ley, S. V., Nikbin-Roudsari, N., Smith, C. D., Smith, C. J., & Tamborini, L. (2007, November). New opportunities for advanced organic synthesis-flow-based chemical processing. Paper presented at 16th International Isotope Society (UK group) Symposium: Synthesis and applications of labelled compounds 2007, Cambridge

Journal Article

• Baxendale, I., Ernst, M., Krahnert, W., & Ley, S. (online). Application of polymer-supported enzymes and reagents in the synthesis of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) analogues. Synlett: Accounts and Rapid Communications in Synthetic Organic Chemistry, 1641-1644
• Gambacorta, G., Teo, Q. H., & Baxendale, I. R. (2025). 2,4,6-Trichloro-cyclohexa-2,5-dienone. Molbank, 2025(1), Article M1969. https://doi.org/10.3390/m1969
• Tinivella, A., Banchi, M., Gambacorta, G., Borghi, F., Orlandi, P., Baxendale, I. R., Di Paolo, A., Bocci, G., Pinzi, L., & Rastelli, G. (2023). Discovery of a Potent Dual Inhibitor of Aromatase and Aldosterone Synthase. ACS pharmacology & translational science, 6(12), 1870-1883. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsptsci.3c00183
• Sharley, J. S., Gambacorta, G., Pérez, A. M. C., Ferri, E. E., Miranda, A. F., Quesada, J. S., & Baxendale, I. R. (2023). Spectroscopic dataset of Hedione's derivatives gathered during process development. Data in Brief, 46, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2022.108801
• Nicholls, A. J., & Baxendale, I. R. (2022). 6-Chloro-3H-benzo[d][1,2,3]dithiazol-2-ium Chloride. Molbank, 2022(1), Article M1339. https://doi.org/10.3390/m1339
• Gambacorta, G., & Baxendale, I. R. (2022). Continuous-Flow Hofmann Rearrangement Using Trichloroisocyanuric Acid for the Preparation of 2-Benzoxazolinone. Organic Process Research and Development, 26, 422-430. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00440
• Tinivella, A., Pinzi, L., Gambacorta, G., Baxendale, I., & Rastelli, G. (2022). Identification of potential biological targets of oxindole scaffolds via in silico repositioning strategies. F1000Research, 11, https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.109017.2
• Sharley, J. S., Gambacorta, G., Collado Pérez, A. M., Ferri, E. E., Miranda, A. F., Quesada, J. S., & Baxendale, I. R. (2022). Further investigations into imine-mediated formation of allylic nitro compounds. Tetrahedron, 126, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2022.133058
• Sharley, J. S., Gambacorta, G., Collado Pérez, A. M., Ferri, E. E., Miranda, A. F., Fernández, I. F., Quesada, J. S., & Baxendale, I. R. (2022). A simple one-pot oxidation protocol for the synthesis of dehydrohedione from Hedione. Tetrahedron, 126, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2022.133068
• Murie, V. E., Nicolino, P. V., dos Santos, T., Gambacorta, G., Nishimura, R. H., Perovani, I. S., Furtado, L. C., Costa-Lotufo, L. V., Moraes de Oliveira, A., Vessecchi, R., Baxendale, I. R., & Clososki, G. C. (2021). Synthesis of 7-Chloroquinoline Derivatives Using Mixed Lithium-Magnesium Reagents. Journal of Organic Chemistry, 86(19), 13402-13419. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.1c01521
• Lancaster, B. M., Nicholls, A. J., & Baxendale, I. R. (2021). 4,4’-(Pyridin-4-ylmethylene)dibenzonitrile. Molbank, 2021(4), Article M1302. https://doi.org/10.3390/m1302
• Gambacorta, G., Sharley, J. S., & Baxendale, I. R. (2021). A comprehensive review of flow chemistry techniques tailored to the flavours and fragrances industries. Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry, 17, 1181-1312. https://doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.17.90
• Doğan, T., Akhan Güzelcan, E., Baumann, M., Koyas, A., Atas, H., Baxendale, I. R., Martin, M., & Cetin-Atalay, R. (2021). Protein domain-based prediction of drug/compound–target interactions and experimental validation on LIM kinases. PLoS Computational Biology, 17(11), Article e1009171. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009171
• Ruggeri, M., Dombrowski, A. W., Djuric, S. W., & Baxendale, I. R. (2020). A rearrangement of 3-hydroxyazetidines into 2-oxazolines. Journal of Organic Chemistry, 85(11), 7276-7286. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.0c00656
• Gambacorta, G., Apperley, D. C., & Baxendale, I. R. (2020). A One-Pot Divergent Sequence to Pyrazole and Quinoline Derivatives. Molecules, 25(9), Article 2160. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25092160
• Suster, C., Baxendale, I. R., Mihovilovic, M. D., & Stanetty, C. (2020). Straight Forward and Versatile Differentiation of the l-glycero and d-glycero-d-manno Heptose Scaffold. Frontiers in Chemistry, 8, Article 625. https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2020.00625
• Baxendale, I. R., Griffiths, O. M., & Ruggeri, M. (2020). Photochemical Flow Oximation of Alkanes. Synlett: Accounts and Rapid Communications in Synthetic Organic Chemistry, 31(19), 1907-1912. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1707281
• Ruggeri, M., Dombrowski, A. W., Djuric, S. W., & Baxendale, I. R. (2019). Photochemical Flow Synthesis of 3-Hydroxyazetidines. ChemPhotoChem, 3(12), 1212-1218. https://doi.org/10.1002/cptc.201900188
• Nicholls, A., Barber, T., & Baxendale, I. (2019). The Synthesis and Utility of Metal-Nitrosophenolato Compounds—Highlighting the Baudisch Reaction. Molecules, 24(22), https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24224018
• Nicholls, A., Batsanov, A., & Baxendale, I. (2019). Copper-Mediated Nitrosation: 2-Nitrosophenolato Complexes and Their Use in the Synthesis of Heterocycles. Molecules, 24(22), Article 4154. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24224154
• Mortzfeld, F., Pietruszka, J., & Baxendale, I. (2019). A simple and efficient flow preparation of pyocyanin a virulence factor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. European Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2019(31-32), 5424-5433. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.201900526
• Röder, L., Nicholls, A. J., & Baxendale, I. R. (2019). Flow Hydrodediazoniation of Aromatic Heterocycles. Molecules, 24(10), Article 1996. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24101996
• Güzelcan, E. A., Baxendale, I. R., Cetin-Atalay, R., & Baumann, M. (2019). Synthesis of new derivatives of boehmeriasin A and their biological evaluation in liver cancer. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 166, 243-255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.01.056
• Du, Y., Barber, T., Lim, S. E., Rzepa, H. S., Baxendale, I. R., & Whiting, A. (2019). A solid-supported arylboronic acid catalyst for direct amidation. Chemical Communications, 55(20), 2916-2919. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8cc09913h
• Saha, I., Baxendale, I., & Baumann, M. (2018). Unprecedented Alkene Transposition in Phthalate–Amino Acid Adducts. Synlett: Accounts and Rapid Communications in Synthetic Organic Chemistry, 29(20), 2648-2654. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1611294
• Aronow, J., Stanetty, C., Baxendale, I., & Mihovilovic, M. (2018). Methyl glycosides via Fischer glycosylation: translation from batch microwave to continuous flow processing. Monatshefte für Chemie - Chemical Monthly, 150, 11-19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00706-018-2306-8
• Mileghem, S. V., Borggraeve, W. M. D., & Baxendale, I. R. (2018). A Robust and Scalable Continuous Flow Process for Glycerol Carbonate. Chemical Engineering & Technology, 41(10), 2014-2023. https://doi.org/10.1002/ceat.201800012
• Smith, L. K., & Baxendale, I. R. (2018). Flow Synthesis of Coumalic Acid and its Derivatization. Reaction Chemistry and Engineering, 3(5), 722-732. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8re00116b
• Draskovits, M., Stanetty, C., Baxendale, I. R., & Mihovilovic, M. D. (2018). The Indium and Zinc-Mediated Acyloxyallylation of Protected and Unprotected Aldotetroses - Revealing a Pronounced Diastereodivergence and a Fundamental Difference in the Performance of the Mediating Metal. Journal of Organic Chemistry, 83(5), 2647-2659. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.7b03063
• Baumann, M., & Baxendale, I. R. (2018). Diastereoselective Synthesis and Diversification of Highly Functionalized Cyclopentanones. Synthesis: Journal of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, 50(04), 753-759. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1591745
• Baumann, M., Baxendale, I. R., Filipponi, P., & Hu, T. (2017). Sustainable Flow Synthesis of a Versatile Cyclopentenone Building Block. Organic Process Research and Development, 21(12), 2052-2059. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.7b00328
• Baumann, M., & Baxendale, I. R. (2017). A Continuous-Flow Method for the Desulfurization of Substituted Thioimidazoles Applied to the Synthesis of Etomidate Derivatives. European Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2017(44), 6518-6524. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.201700833
• Kitching, M. O., Dixon, O. E., Baumann, M., & Baxendale, I. R. (2017). Flow-Assisted Synthesis: A Key Fragment of SR 142948A. European Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2017(44), 6540-6553. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.201700904
• Baumann, M., & Baxendale, I. (2017). A Continuous Flow Synthesis and Derivatisation of 1,2,4-Thiadiazoles. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, 25(23), 6218-6223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2017.01.022
• Baumann, M., Baxendale, I. R., & Deplante, F. (2017). A concise flow synthesis of indole-3-carboxylic ester and its derivatisation to an auxin mimic. Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry, 13, 2549-2560. https://doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.13.251
• Brocken, L., Whittaker, J., Price, P., & Baxendale, I. R. (2017). Purification of poly(acrylic acid) using a membrane ultra-filtration unit in flow. Reaction Chemistry and Engineering, 2(5), 656-661. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7re00080d
• Brocken, L., Price, P. D., Whittaker, J., & Baxendale, I. R. (2017). Continuous flow synthesis of poly(acrylic acid) via free radical polymerisation. Reaction Chemistry and Engineering, 2(5), 662-668. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7re00063d
• Baumann, M., & Baxendale, I. R. (2017). Ethyl 5-(4-Bromophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate. Molbank, 2017(3), Article M951. https://doi.org/10.3390/m951
• Baumann, M., & Baxendale, I. (2017). Rac-2′,3a,6,6,6′,6′-Hexamethyl-3a,3b,6,7-tetra-hydrospiro-[benzo[2,3]cyclopropa[1,2-c]pyrazole-1,1′-cyclo-hepta[2,4]diene]. Molbank, 2017(3), Article M948. https://doi.org/10.3390/m948
• Hu, T., Su, Y., Baxendale, I. R., Tan, J., Tang, H., Xiao, L., Zheng, F., & Ning, P. (2017). Adjust band gap of IATO nanoparticles to obtain desirable optical property by one-step hydrothermal oxidation. Current Applied Physics, 17(4), 584-591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cap.2017.01.011
• Mallia, C., Burton, P., Smith, A., Walter, G., & Baxendale, I. (2016). Catalytic Chan–Lam coupling using a ‘tube-in-tube’ reactor to deliver molecular oxygen as an oxidant. Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry, 12, 1598-1607. https://doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.12.156
• Mallia, C., Walter, G., & Baxendale, I. (2016). Flow carbonylation of sterically hindered ortho-substituted iodoarenes. Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry, 12, 1503-1511. https://doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.12.147
• Hu, T., Baxendale, I., & Baumann, M. (2016). Exploring Flow Procedures for Diazonium Formation. Molecules, 21(7), Article 918. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21070918
• Baumann, M., & Baxendale, I. R. (2016). Continuous photochemistry: the flow synthesis of ibuprofen via a photo-Favorskii rearrangement. Reaction Chemistry and Engineering, 1(2), 147-150. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5re00037h
• Filipponi, P., & Baxendale, I. (2016). The Generation of a Library of ­Bromodomain-Containing Protein Modulators Expedited by Continuous Flow Synthesis. European Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2016(11), 2000-2012. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.201600222
• Parker, G., Smith, L., & Baxendale, I. (2016). Development of the industrial synthesis of vitamin A. Tetrahedron, 72(13), 1645-1652. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2016.02.029
• Filipponi, P., Gioiello, A., & Baxendale, I. R. (2016). Controlled Flow Precipitation as a Valuable Tool for Synthesis. Organic Process Research and Development, 20(2), 371-375. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.5b00331
• Mallia, C., & Baxendale, I. (2016). The Use of Gases in Flow Synthesis. Organic Process Research and Development, 20(2), 327-360. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.5b00222
• Holmes, N., Akien, G. R., Savage, R. J., Stanetty, C., Baxendale, I. R., Blacker, A. J., Taylor, B. A., Woodward, R. L., Meadowse, R. E., & Bourne, R. A. (2016). Online quantitative mass spectrometry for the rapid adaptive optimisation of automated flow reactors. Reaction Chemistry and Engineering, 1(1), 96-100. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5re00083a
• Baumann, M., & Baxendale, I. R. (2016). Continuous-Flow Synthesis of 2H-Azirines and Their Diastereoselective Transformation to Aziridines. Synlett: Accounts and Rapid Communications in Synthetic Organic Chemistry, 27(01), 159-163. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1560391
• Baumann, M., & Baxendale, I. (2016). Diastereoselective Trifluoroacetylation of Highly Substituted Pyrrolidines by a DakinWest Process. Journal of Organic Chemistry, 81(23), 11898-11908. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.6b02346
• Baumann, B., & Baxendale, I. (2015). Batch and Flow Synthesis of Pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinolines via an Allene-Based Reaction Cascade. Journal of Organic Chemistry, 80(21), 10806-10816. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.5b01982
• Leino, T. O., Baumann, M., Yli-Kauhaluoma, J., Baxendale, I. R., & Wallén, E. A. A. (2015). Synthesis of 1,3,6-Trisubstituted Azulenes. Journal of Organic Chemistry, 80(22), https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.5b02271
• Smith, L., & Baxendale, I. (2015). Total syntheses of natural products containing spirocarbocycles. Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, 13(39), 9907-9933. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5ob01524c
• Baxendale, I. (2015). A Short Multi-step Flow Synthesis of a Potential Spirocyclic Fragrance Component. Chemical Engineering & Technology, 38(10), 1713-1716. https://doi.org/10.1002/ceat.201500255
• Baumann, M., & Baxendale, I. (2015). The synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) using continuous flow chemistry. Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2015(11), 1194-1219. https://doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.11.134
• Mallia, C., Englert, L., Walter, G., & Baxendale, I. (2015). Thiazole formation through a modified Gewald reaction. Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry, 11, 875-883. https://doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.11.98
• Mallia, C., Englert, L., Walter, G., & Baxendale, I. (2015). Ethyl 2-hydroxy-2-phenyl-2-(thiazol-2-yl)acetate. Molbank, 2015(2), https://doi.org/10.3390/m857
• Baumann, M., Rodriguez Garcia, A., & Baxendale, I. (2015). Flow Synthesis of Ethyl Isocyanoacetate Enabling the Telescoped Synthesis of 1,2,4-Triazoles and Pyrrolo-[1,2-c]pyrimidines. Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, 14(13), 4231-4239. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5ob00245a
• Stanetty, C., & Baxendale, I. (2015). Large-Scale Synthesis of Crystalline 1,2,3,4,6,7-Hexa-O-acetyl-L-glycero-α-D-manno-heptopyranose. European Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2015(12), 2718-2726. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.201500024
• Baumann, M., & Baxendale, I. (2015). Syn-Ethyl 1-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]quinolone-3-carboxylate HCl Salt. Molbank, 2015(1), https://doi.org/10.3390/m846
• Christodoulou, M., Calogero, F., Baumann, M., García-Argáez, A., Pieraccini, S., Sironi, M., Dapiaggi, F., Bucci, R., Broggini, G., Gazzola, S., Liekens, S., Silvani, A., Lahtela-Kakkonen, M., Martinet, N., Nonel-Canals, A., Santamaría-Navarroh, E., Baxendale, I., Via, L., & Passarell, D. (2015). Boehmeriasin A as new lead compound for the inhibition of Topoisomerases and SIRT2. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 92, 766-775. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.01.038
• Rojo, M., Guetzoyan, L., & Baxendale, I. (2015). A monolith immobilised iridium Cp* catalyst for hydrogen transfer reactions under flow conditions. Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, 13(6), 1768-1777. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ob02376e
• Baxendale, I., Braatz, R., Hodnett, B., Jensen, K., Johnson, M., Sharratt, P., J.-p., S., & Florence, A. (2015). Achieving Continuous Manufacturing: Technologies and Approaches for Synthesis, Workup, and Isolation of Drug Substance. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 104(3), 781-791. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.24252
• Baumann, M., Baxendale, I., Hornung, C., Ley, S., Rojo, M., & Roper, K. (2014). Synthesis of Riboflavines, Quinoxalinones and Benzodiazepines through Chemoselective Flow Based Hydrogenations. Molecules, 19(7), 9736-9759. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules19079736
• Deadman, B., Ley, S., Browne, D., & Baxendale, I. (2014). Back Pressure Regulation of Slurry Forming Reactions in Continuous Flow. Chemical Engineering & Technology, 38(2), 259-264. https://doi.org/10.1002/ceat.201400445
• Baumann, M., & Baxendale, I. (2014). Sustainable Synthesis of Thioimidazoles via Carbohydrate-Based Multicomponent Reactions. Organic Letters, 16(23), 6076-6079. https://doi.org/10.1021/ol502845h
• Baumann, M., & Baxendale, I. R. (2013). An overview of the synthetic routes to the best selling drugs containing 6-membered heterocycles. Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry, 9, 2265-2319. https://doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.9.265
• Baumann, M., & Baxendale, I. R. (2013). The rapid generation of isothiocyanates in flow. Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry, 9, 1613-1619. https://doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.9.184
• Battilocchio, C., Guetzoyan, L., Cervetto, C., Mannelli, L. D. C., Frattaroli, D., Baxendale, I. R., Maura, G., Rossi, A., Sautebin, L., Biava, M., Ghelardini, C., Marcoli, M., & Ley, S. V. (2013). Flow Synthesis and Biological Studies of an Analgesic Adamantane Derivative That Inhibits P2X(7)-Evoked Glutamate Release. ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 4(8), 704-709. https://doi.org/10.1021/ml400079h
• Baxendale, I., Cheung, S., Kitching, M., Ley, S., & Shearman, J. (2013). The synthesis of neurotensin antagonist SR 48692 for prostate cancer research. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, 21(14), 4378-4387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2013.04.075
• Nakayama, K., Browne, D. L., Baxendale, I. R., & Ley, S. V. (2013). Studies of a Diastereoselective Electrophilic Fluorination Reaction Employing a Cryo-Flow Reactor. Synlett: Accounts and Rapid Communications in Synthetic Organic Chemistry, 24(10), 1298-1302. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1338455
• Baxendale, I. R., Brocken, L., & Mallia, C. J. (2013). Flow chemistry approaches directed at improving chemical synthesis. Green Processing and Synthesis, 2(3), 211-230. https://doi.org/10.1515/gps-2013-0029
• Battilocchio, C., Deadman, B. J., Nikbin, N., Kitching, M. O., Baxendale, I. R., & Ley, S. V. (2013). A Machine-Assisted Flow Synthesis of SR48692: A Probe for the Investigation of Neurotensin Receptor-1. Chemistry - A European Journal, 19(24), 7917-7930. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201300696
• Baxendale, I. R. (2013). The integration of flow reactors into synthetic organic chemistry. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 88(4), 519-552. https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.4012
• Fernandez, A., Levine, Z. G., Baumann, M., Sulzer-Mosse, S., Sparr, C., Schlaeger, S., Metzger, A., Baxendale, I. R., & Ley, S. V. (2013). Synthesis of (-)-Hennoxazole A: Integrating Batch and Flow Chemistry Methods. Synlett: Accounts and Rapid Communications in Synthetic Organic Chemistry, 24(4), 514-518. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0032-1318109
• Hopkin, M. D., Baxendale, I. R., & Ley, S. V. (2013). An expeditious synthesis of imatinib and analogues utilising flow chemistry methods. Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, 11(11), 1822-1839. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2ob27002a
• Guetzoyan, L., Nikbin, N., Baxendale, I. R., & Ley, S. V. (2013). Flow chemistry synthesis of zolpidem, alpidem and other GABA(A) agonists and their biological evaluation through the use of in-line frontal affinity chromatography. Chemical Science, 4(2), 764-769. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2sc21850j
• Baxendale, I. R., Hornung, C., Ley, S. V., Molina, J. D. M. M., & Wikstrom, A. (2013). Flow Microwave Technology and Microreactors in Synthesis. Australian Journal of Chemistry, 66(2), 131-144. https://doi.org/10.1071/ch12365
• Deadman, B. J., Hopkin, M. D., Baxendale, I. R., & Ley, S. V. (2013). The synthesis of Bcr-Abl inhibiting anticancer pharmaceutical agents imatinib, nilotinib and dasatinib. Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, 11(11), 1766-1800. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2ob27003j
• Zak, J., Ron, D., Riva, E., Harding, H. P., Cross, B. C., & Baxendale, I. R. (2012). Establishing a Flow Process to Coumarin-8-Carbaldehydes as Important Synthetic Scaffolds. Chemistry - A European Journal, 18(32), 9901-9910. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201201039
• Battilocchio, C., Baxendale, I. R., Biava, M., Kitching, M. O., & Ley, S. V. (2012). A Flow-Based Synthesis of 2-Aminoadamantane-2-carboxylic Acid. Organic Process Research and Development, 16(5), 798-810. https://doi.org/10.1021/op300084z
• Cross, B., Bond, P., Sadowski, P., Jha, B., Zak, J., Goodman, J., Silverman, R., Neubert, T., Baxendale, I., Ron, D., & Harding, H. (2012). The molecular basis for selective inhibition of unconventional mRNA splicing by an IRE1-binding small molecule. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(15), 869-878. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1115623109
• Battilocchio, C., Baumann, M., Baxendale, I. R., Biava, M., Kitching, M. O., Ley, S. V., Martin, R. E., Ohnmacht, S. A., & Tappin, N. D. (2012). Scale-Up of Flow-Assisted Synthesis of C-2-Symmetric Chiral PyBox Ligands. Synthesis: Journal of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, 44(4), 635-647. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1289676
• Ingham, R. J., Riva, E., Nikbin, N., Baxendale, I. R., & Ley, S. V. (2012). A ``Catch-React-Release'' Method for the Flow Synthesis of 2-Aminopyrimidines and Preparation of the Imatinib Base. Organic Letters, 14(15), 3920-3923. https://doi.org/10.1021/ol301673q
• Browne, D. L., Wright, S., Deadman, B. J., Dunnage, S., Baxendale, I. R., Turner, R. M., & Ley, S. V. (2012). Continuous flow reaction monitoring using an on-line miniature mass spectrometer. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 26(17), 1999-2010. https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.6312
• Wegner, J., Ley, S. V., Kirschning, A., Hansen, A.-L., Garcia, J. M., & Baxendale, I. R. (2012). A Total Synthesis of Millingtonine A. Organic Letters, 14(3), 696-699. https://doi.org/10.1021/ol203158p
• Petersen, T. P., Polyzos, A., O'Brien, M., Ulven, T., Baxendale, I. R., & Ley, S. V. (2012). The Oxygen-Mediated Synthesis of 1,3-Butadiynes in Continuous Flow: Using Teflon AF-2400 to Effect Gas/Liquid Contact. ChemSusChem, 5(2, SI), 274-277. https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201100339
• Hopkin, M. D., Baxendale, I. R., & Ley, S. V. (2012). The Lab of the Future - The importance of remote monitoring and control. Chimica oggi, 30(2), 24-26
• Roper, K. A., Lange, H., Polyzos, A., Berry, M. B., Baxendale, I. R., & Ley, S. V. (2011). The application of a monolithic triphenylphosphine reagent for conducting Appel reactions in flow microreactors. Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry, 7, 1648-1655. https://doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.7.194
• Bourne, S. L., Koos, P., O'Brien, M., Martin, B., Schenkel, B., Baxendale, I. R., & Ley, S. V. (2011). The Continuous-Flow Synthesis of Styrenes Using Ethylene in a Palladium-Catalysed Heck Cross-Coupling Reaction. Synlett: Accounts and Rapid Communications in Synthetic Organic Chemistry, 2643-2647. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1289291
• Kasinathan, S., Bourne, S. L., Tolstoy, P., Koos, P., O'Brien, M., Bates, R. W., Baxendale, I. R., & Ley, S. V. (2011). Syngas-Mediated C-C Bond Formation in Flow: Selective Rhodium-Catalysed Hydroformylation of Styrenes. Synlett: Accounts and Rapid Communications in Synthetic Organic Chemistry, 2648-2651. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1289292
• Baumann, M., Baxendale, I. R., & Ley, S. V. (2011). The flow synthesis of heterocycles for natural product and medicinal chemistry applications. Molecular Diversity, 15(3, SI), 613-630. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11030-010-9282-1
• Baumann, M., Baxendale, I. R., Ley, S. V., & Nikbin, N. (2011). An overview of the key routes to the best selling 5-membered ring heterocyclic pharmaceuticals. Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry, 7, 442-495. https://doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.7.57
• Lange, H., Capener, M. J., Jones, A. X., Smith, C. J., Nikbin, N., Baxendale, I. R., & Ley, S. V. (2011). Oxidation Reactions in Segmented and Continuous Flow Chemical Processing Using an N-(tert-Butyl)phenylsulfinimidoyl Chloride Monolith. Synlett: Accounts and Rapid Communications in Synthetic Organic Chemistry, 869-873. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1259923
• Carter, C. F., Lange, H., Sakai, D., Baxendale, I. R., & Ley, S. V. (2011). Diastereoselective Chain-Elongation Reactions Using Microreactors for Applications in Complex Molecule Assembly. Chemistry - A European Journal, 17(12), 3398-3405. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201003148
• Smith, C. J., Nikbin, N., Ley, S. V., Lange, H., & Baxendale, I. R. (2011). A fully automated, multistep flow synthesis of 5-amino-4-cyano-1,2,3-triazoles. Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, 9(6), 1938-1947. https://doi.org/10.1039/c0ob00815j
• O'Brien, M., Taylor, N., Polyzos, A., Baxendale, I. R., & Ley, S. V. (2011). Hydrogenation in flow: Homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis using Teflon AF-2400 to effect gas-liquid contact at elevated pressure. Chemical Science, 2(7), 1250-1257. https://doi.org/10.1039/c1sc00055a
• Browne, D. L., Deadman, B. J., Ashe, R., Baxendale, I. R., & Ley, S. V. (2011). Continuous Flow Processing of Slurries: Evaluation of an Agitated Cell Reactor. Organic Process Research and Development, 15(3), 693-697. https://doi.org/10.1021/op2000223
• Baumann, M., Baxendale, I. R., Brasholz, M., Hayward, J. J., Ley, S. V., & Nikbin, N. (2011). An Integrated Flow and Batch-Based Approach for the Synthesis of O-Methyl Siphonazole. Synlett: Accounts and Rapid Communications in Synthetic Organic Chemistry, 1375-1380. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1260573
• Baumann, M., Baxendale, I. R., Kirschning, A., Ley, S. V., & Wegner, J. (2011). Synthesis of Highly Substituted Nitropyrrolidines, Nitropyrrolizines and Nitropyrroles via Multicomponent-Multistep Sequences within a Flow Reactor. Heterocycles, 82(2), 1297-1316. https://doi.org/10.3987/com-10-s%28e%2977
• Hodgkinson, J. T., Galloway, W. R., Saraf, S., Baxendale, I. R., Ley, S. V., Ladlow, M., Welch, M., & Spring, D. R. (2011). Microwave and flow syntheses of Pseudomonas quinolone signal (PQS) and analogues. Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, 9(1), 57-61. https://doi.org/10.1039/c0ob00652a
• Polyzos, A., O'Brien, M., Petersen, T. P., Baxendale, I. R., & Ley, S. V. (2011). The Continuous-Flow Synthesis of Carboxylic Acids using CO2 in a Tube-In-Tube Gas Permeable Membrane Reactor. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 50(5), 1190-1193. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201006618
• Lange, H., Carter, C. F., Hopkin, M. D., Burke, A., Goode, J. G., Baxendale, I. R., & Ley, S. V. (2011). A breakthrough method for the accurate addition of reagents in multi-step segmented flow processing. Chemical Science, 2(4), 765-769. https://doi.org/10.1039/c0sc00603c
• Smith, C. J., Smith, C. D., Nikbin, N., Ley, S. V., & Baxendale, I. R. (2011). Flow synthesis of organic azides and the multistep synthesis of imines and amines using a new monolithic triphenylphosphine reagent. Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, 9(6), 1927-1937. https://doi.org/10.1039/c0ob00813c
• Martin, L. J., Marzinzik, A. L., Ley, S. V., & Baxendale, I. R. (2011). Safe and Reliable Synthesis of Diazoketones and Quinoxalines in a Continuous Flow Reactor. Organic Letters, 13(2), 320-323. https://doi.org/10.1021/ol1027927
• Browne, D. L., Baxendale, I. R., & Ley, S. V. (2011). Piecing together the puzzle: understanding a mild, metal free reduction method for the large scale synthesis of hydrazines. Tetrahedron, 67(52), 10296-10303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2011.09.146
• Baumann, M., Baxendale, I. R., Kuratli, C., Ley, S. V., Martin, R. E., & Schneider, J. (2011). Synthesis of a Drug-Like Focused Library of Trisubstituted Pyrrolidines Using Integrated Flow Chemistry and Batch Methods. ACS combinatorial science, 13(4), 405-413. https://doi.org/10.1021/co2000357
• Browne, D. L., Baumann, M., Harji, B. H., Baxendale, I. R., & Ley, S. V. (2011). A New Enabling Technology for Convenient Laboratory Scale Continuous Flow Processing at Low Temperatures. Organic Letters, 13(13), 3312-3315. https://doi.org/10.1021/ol2010006
• Hopkin, M. D., Baxendale, I. R., & Ley, S. V. (2011). The Lab of the Future The importance of remote monitoring and control. Chimica oggi, 29(1),
• Tozzi, F., Ley, S. V., Kitching, M. O., & Baxendale, I. R. (2010). Enzymatic Oxidative Cyclisation Reactions Leading to Dibenzoazocanes. Synlett: Accounts and Rapid Communications in Synthetic Organic Chemistry, 2010(13), 1919-1922. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1258486
• Hornung, C. H., Hallmark, B., Mackley, M. R., Baxendale, I. R., & Ley, S. V. (2010). A Palladium Wall Coated Microcapillary Reactor for Use in Continuous Flow Transfer Hydrogenation. Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis, 352(10), 1736-1745. https://doi.org/10.1002/adsc.201000139
• Baumann, M., Baxendale, I. R., & Ley, S. V. (2010). Synthesis of 3-Nitropyrrolidines via Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions Using a Modular Flow Reactor. Synlett: Accounts and Rapid Communications in Synthetic Organic Chemistry, 749-752. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1219344
• Qian, Z., Baxendale, I. R., & Ley, S. V. (2010). A Flow Process Using Microreactors for the Preparation of a Quinolone Derivative as a Potent 5HT(1B) Antagonist. Synlett: Accounts and Rapid Communications in Synthetic Organic Chemistry, 505-508. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1219358
• Hopkin, M., Baxendale, I., & Ley, S. (2010). A flow-based synthesis of Imatinib: the API of Gleevec. Chemical Communications, 46(14), 2450-2452. https://doi.org/10.1039/c001550d
• Qian, Z., Baxendale, I. R., & Ley, S. V. (2010). A Continuous Flow Process Using a Sequence of Microreactors with In-line IR Analysis for the Preparation of N,N-Diethyl-4-(3-fluorophenylpiperidin-4-ylidenemethyl)benzamide as a Potent and Highly Selective delta-Opioid Receptor Agonist. Chemistry - A European Journal, 16(41), 12342-12348. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201002147
• Sedelmeier, J., Ley, S. V., Baxendale, I. R., & Baumann, M. (2010). KMnO4-Mediated Oxidation as a Continuous Flow Process. Organic Letters, 12(16), 3618-3621. https://doi.org/10.1021/ol101345z
• Baxendale, I. R., Schou, S. C., Sedelmeier, J., & Ley, S. V. (2010). Multi-Step Synthesis by Using Modular Flow Reactors: The Preparation of Yne-Ones and Their Use in Heterocycle Synthesis. Chemistry - A European Journal, 16(1), 89-94. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.200902906
• Malet-Sanz, L., Madrzak, J., Ley, S. V., & Baxendale, I. R. (2010). Preparation of arylsulfonyl chlorides by chlorosulfonylation of in situ generated diazonium salts using a continuous flow reactor. Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, 8(23), 5324-5332. https://doi.org/10.1039/c0ob00450b
• O'Brien, M., Baxendale, I. R., & Ley, S. V. (2010). Flow Ozonolysis Using a Semipermeable Teflon AF-2400 Membrane To Effect Gas-Liquid Contact. Organic Letters, 12(7), 1596-1598. https://doi.org/10.1021/ol100322t
• Venturoni, F., Nikbin, N., Ley, S. V., & Baxendale, I. R. (2010). The application of flow microreactors to the preparation of a family of casein kinase I inhibitors. Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, 8(8), 1798-1806. https://doi.org/10.1039/b925327k
• Carter, C. F., Baxendale, I. R., Pavey, J. B., & Ley, S. V. (2010). The continuous flow synthesis of butane-2,3-diacetal protected building blocks using microreactors. Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, 8(7), 1588-1595. https://doi.org/10.1039/b924309g
• Hornung, C., Hallmark, B., Baumann, M., Baxendale, I., Ley, S., Hester, P., Clayton, P., & Mackleigh, M. (2010). Multiple Microcapillary Reactor for Organic Synthesis. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 49(10), https://doi.org/10.1021/ie901674h
• Carter, C. F., Lange, H., Ley, S. V., Baxendale, I. R., Wittkamp, B., Goode, J. G., & Gaunt, N. L. (2010). ReactIR Flow Cell: A New Analytical Tool for Continuous Flow Chemical Processing. Organic Process Research and Development, 14(2), 393-404. https://doi.org/10.1021/op900305v
• Sedelmeier, J., Ley, S. V., Lange, H., & Baxendale, I. R. (2009). Pd-EnCat (TM) TPP30 as a Catalyst for the Generation of Highly Functionalized Aryl- and Alkenyl-Substituted Acetylenes via Microwave-Assisted Sonogashira Type Reactions. European Journal of Organic Chemistry, 4412-4420. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.200900344
• Palmieri, A., Ley, S. V., Polyzos, A., Ladlow, M., & Baxendale, I. R. (2009). Continuous flow based catch and release protocol for the synthesis of alpha-ketoesters. Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry, 5, Article 23. https://doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.5.23
• Baxendale, I., Ley, S., Mansfield, A., & Smith, C. (2009). Multistep Synthesis Using Modular Flow Reactors: Bestmann–Ohira Reagent for the Formation of Alkynes and Triazoles. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 48(22), 4017-4021. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200900970
• Baxendale, I. R., Buckle, C. D., Ley, S. V., & Tamborini, L. (2009). A Base-Catalysed One-Pot Three-Component Coupling Reaction Leading to Nitrosubstituted Pyrroles. Synthesis: Journal of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, 1485-1493. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1087991
• Carter, C. F., Baxendale, I. R., O'Brien, M., Pavey, J. B., & Ley, S. V. (2009). Synthesis of acetal protected building blocks using flow chemistry with flow IR analysis: preparation of butane-2,3-diacetal tartrates. Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, 7(22), 4594-4597. https://doi.org/10.1039/b917289k
• Sedelmeier, J., Ley, S. V., & Baxendale, I. R. (2009). An efficient and transition metal free protocol for the transfer hydrogenation of ketones as a continuous flow process. Green Chemistry, 11(5), 683-685. https://doi.org/10.1039/b821752a
• Palmieri, A., Ley, S. V., Hammond, K., Polyzos, A., & Baxendale, I. R. (2009). A microfluidic flow chemistry platform for organic synthesis: the Hofmann rearrangement. Tetrahedron Letters, 50(26), 3287-3289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.02.059
• Baumann, M., Baxendale, I. R., Martin, L. J., & Ley, S. V. (2009). Development of fluorination methods using continuous-flow microreactors. Tetrahedron, 65(33), 6611-6625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2009.05.083
• Baumann, M., Baxendale, I. R., & Ley, S. V. (2008). The use of diethylaminosulfur trifluoride (DAST) for fluorination in a continuous-flow microreactor. Synlett: Accounts and Rapid Communications in Synthetic Organic Chemistry, 2111-2114. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1078026
• Hopkin, M. D., Baxendale, I. R., & Ley, S. V. (2008). New focused microwave approach to the synthesis of amino-substituted pyrroloisoquinolines and pyrroloquinolines via a sequential multi-component coupling process. Synthesis: Journal of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, 1688-1702. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1067048
• Baumann, M., Baxendale, I. R., Ley, S. V., Nikbin, N., & Smith, C. D. (2008). Azide monoliths as convenient flow reactors for efficient Curtius rearrangement reactions. Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, 6(9), 1587-1593. https://doi.org/10.1039/b801634h
• Baumann, M., Baxendale, I. R., Ley, S. V., Nikbin, N., Smith, C. D., & Tierney, J. P. (2008). A modular flow reactor for performing Curtius rearrangements as a continuous flow process. Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, 6(9), 1577-1586. https://doi.org/10.1039/b801631n
• Mitchell, S., Baxendale, I. R., & Jones, W. (2008). The application of focused microwave irradiation coupled with freeze drying to investigate the reaction of MgO and Al(2)O(3) slurries in the formation of layered double hydroxides. Green Chemistry, 10(6), 629-634. https://doi.org/10.1039/b801365a
• Baxendale, I. R., Ley, S. V., Smith, C. D., Tamborini, L., & Voica, A.-F. (2008). A Bifurcated Pathway to Thiazoles and Imidazoles Using a Modular Flow Microreactor. Journal of combinatorial chemistry, 10(6), 851-857. https://doi.org/10.1021/cc800070a
• Ley, S. V., & Baxendale, I. R. (2008). The changing face of organic synthesis. CHIMIA, 62(3), 162-168. https://doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2008.162
• Baxendale, I. R., Hayward, J. J., Ley, S. V., & Tranmer, G. K. (2007). Pharmaceutical strategy and innovation: An academics perspective. ChemMedChem, 2(6), 768-788. https://doi.org/10.1002/cmdc.200700008
• Smith, C. D., Baxendale, I. R., Tranmer, G. K., Baumann, M., Smith, S. C., Lewthwaitee, R. A., & Ley, S. V. (2007). Tagged phosphine reagents to assist reaction work-up by phase-switched scavenging using a modular flow reactor. Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, 5(10), 1562-1568. https://doi.org/10.1039/b703033a
• Mitchell, S. J., Baxendale, I. R., & Jones, W. (2007). Influence of microwave irradiation on the reaction of MgO and Al2O3 slurries to form layered double hydroxide. Abstracts of papers - American Chemical Society, 233,
• Baxendale, I. R., Hayward, J. J., & Ley, S. V. (2007). Microwave reactions under continuous flow conditions. Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening, 10(10), 802-836. https://doi.org/10.2174/138620707783220374
• Smith, C. J., Iglesias-Sigueenza, F. J., Baxendale, I. R., & Ley, S. V. (2007). Flow and batch mode focused microwave synthesis of 5-amino-4-cyanopyrazoles and their further conversion to 4-aminopyrazolopyrimidines. Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, 5(17), 2758-2761. https://doi.org/10.1039/b709043a
• Hornung, C. H., Mackley, M. R., Baxendale, I. R., & Ley, S. V. (2007). A microcapillary flow disc reactor for organic synthesis. Organic Process Research and Development, 11(3), 399-405. https://doi.org/10.1021/op700015f
• Smith, C. D., Baxendale, I. R., Lanners, S., Hayward, J. J., Smith, S. C., & Ley, S. V. (2007). [3+2] Cycloaddition of acetylenes with azides to give 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles in a modular flow reactor. Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, 5(10), 1559-1561. https://doi.org/10.1039/b702995k
• Baxendale, I., Griffiths-Jones, C., Ley, S., & Tranmer, G. (2006). Preparation of the neolignan natural product grossamide by a continuous-flow process. Synlett: Accounts and Rapid Communications in Synthetic Organic Chemistry, 427-430. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-926244
• Baxendale, I., Deeley, J., Griffiths-Jones, C., Ley, S., Saaby, S., & Tranmer, G. (2006). A flow process for the multi-step synthesis of the alkaloid natural product oxomaritidine: a new paradigm for molecular assembly. Chemical Communications, 2566-2568. https://doi.org/10.1039/b600382f
• Baumann, M., Baxendale, I. R., Ley, S. V., Smith, C. D., & Tranmer, G. K. (2006). Fully automated continuous flow synthesis of 4,5-disubstituted oxazoles. Organic Letters, 8(23), 5231-5234. https://doi.org/10.1021/ol061975c
• Baxendale, I. R., Ley, S. V., Smith, C. D., & Tranmer, G. K. (2006). A flow reactor process for the synthesis of peptides utilizing immobilized reagents, scavengers and catch and release protocols. Chemical Communications, 4835-4837. https://doi.org/10.1039/b612197g
• Baxendale, I. R., & Pitts, M. R. (2006). Microwave flow chemistry: the next evolutionary step in synthetic chemistry?. Chimica oggi, 24(3),
• Baxendale, I. R., Griffiths-Jones, C. M., Ley, S. V., & Tranmer, G. K. (2006). Microwave-assisted Suzuki coupling reactions with an encapsulated palladium catalyst for batch and continuous-flow transformations. Chemistry - A European Journal, 12(16), 4407-4416. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.200501400
• Baxendale, I., & Ley, S. (2005). Synthesis of alkaloid natural products using solid-supported reagents and scavengers. Current Organic Chemistry, 9(15), 1521-1534. https://doi.org/10.2174/138527205774370513
• Baxendale, I., & Ley, S. (2005). Synthesis of the alkaloid natural products (+)-plicane and (-)-obliquine, using polymer-supported reagents and scavengers. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 44(23), 8588-8592. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie048822i
• Baxendale, I., & Ley, S. (2005). Formation of 4-aminopyrimidines via the trimerization of nitriles using focused microwave heating. Journal of combinatorial chemistry, 7(3), 483-489. https://doi.org/10.1021/cc049826d
• Baxendale, I., Ley, S., & Martinelli, M. (2005). The rapid preparation of 2-aminosulfonamide-1,3,4-oxadiazoles using polymer-supported reagents and microwave heating. Tetrahedron, 61(22), 5323-5349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2005.03.062
• Saaby, S., Baxendale, I., & Ley, S. (2005). Non-metal-catalysed intramolecular alkyne cyclotrimerization reactions promoted by focussed microwave heating in batch and flow modes. Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, 3(18), 3365-3368. https://doi.org/10.1039/b509540a
• Siu, J., Baxendale, I., Lewthwaite, R., & Ley, S. (2005). A phase-switch purification approach for the expedient removal of tagged reagents and scavengers following their application in organic synthesis. Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, 3(17), 3140-3160. https://doi.org/10.1039/b503778f
• Storer, R., Takemoto, T., Jackson, P., Brown, D., Baxendale, I., & Ley, S. (2004). Multi-step application of immobilized reagents and scavengers: A total synthesis of epothilone C. Chemistry - A European Journal, 10(10), 2529-2547. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.200305669
• Siu, J., Baxendale, I., & Ley, S. (2004). Microwave assisted Leimgruber-Batcho reaction for the preparation of indoles, azaindoles and pyrroylquinolines. Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, 2(2), 160-167. https://doi.org/10.1039/b313012f
• Baxendale, I., Davidson, T., Ley, S., & Perni, R. (2003). Enantioselective synthesis of the tetrahydrobenzylisoquinoline alkaloid (-)-norarmepavine using polymer supported reagents. Heterocycles, 60(12), 2707-2715
• Ley, S., & Baxendale, I. (2002). New tools and concepts for modern organic synthesis. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 1(8), 573-586. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd871
• Baxendale, I., Ley, S., & Sneddon, H. (2002). A clean conversion of aldehydes to nitriles using a solid-supported hydrazine. Synlett: Accounts and Rapid Communications in Synthetic Organic Chemistry, 775-777. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2002-25333
• Baxendale, I., Ley, S., Lumeras, W., & Nesi, M. (2002). Synthesis of trifluoromethyl ketones using polymer-supported reagents. Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening, 5(3), 197-199
• Ley, S., Baxendale, I., Brusotti, G., Caldarelli, M., Massi, A., & Nesi, M. (2002). Solid-supported reagents for multi-step organic synthesis: preparation and application. Il Farmaco (Pavia), 57(4), 321-330. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0014-827x%2802%2901210-7
• Baxendale, I., Lee, A., & Ley, S. (2002). A polymer-supported iridium catalyst for the stereoselective isomerisation of double bonds. Synlett: Accounts and Rapid Communications in Synthetic Organic Chemistry, 516-518. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2002-20483
• Baxendale, I., Ley, S., Nessi, M., & Piutti, C. (2002). Total synthesis of the amaryllidaceae alkaloid (+)-plicamine using solid-supported reagents. Tetrahedron, 58(32), 6285-6304. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4020%2802%2900628-2
• Baxendale, I., Ley, S., & Piutti, C. (2002). Total synthesis of the amaryllidaceae alkaloid (+)-plicamine and its unnatural enantiomer by using solid-supported reagents and scavengers in a multistep sequence of reactions. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 41(12), 2194-2197. https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-3773%2820020617%2941%3A12%3C2194%3A%3Aaid-anie2194%3E3.0.co%3B2-4
• Baxendale, I., Lee, A., & Ley, S. (2002). A concise synthesis of carpanone using solid-supported reagents and scavengers. Journal of the Chemical Society. Perkin transactions 1, 1850-1857. https://doi.org/10.1039/b203388g
• Baxendale, I., Brusotti, G., Matsuoka, M., & Ley, S. (2002). Synthesis of nornicotine, nicotine and other functionalised derivatives using solid-supported reagents and scavengers. Journal of the Chemical Society. Perkin transactions 1, 143-154. https://doi.org/10.1039/b109482n
• Ley, S., & Baxendale, I. (2002). Organic synthesis in a changing world. The Chemical Record, 2(6), 377-388. https://doi.org/10.1002/tcr.10033
• Baxendale, I., Lee, A., & Ley, S. (2001). A concise synthesis of the natural product carpanone using solid-supported reagents and scavengers. Synlett: Accounts and Rapid Communications in Synthetic Organic Chemistry, 2001(09), 1482-1484. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2001-16783
• Malkov, A., Baxendale, I., Mansfield, D., & Kocovsky, P. (2001). Molybdenum(0) and tungsten(0) catalysts with enhanced reactivity for allylic substitution: regioselectivity and solvent effects. Journal of the Chemical Society. Perkin transactions 1, 1234-1240. https://doi.org/10.1039/b100903f
• Malkov, A., Baxendale, I., Bella, M., Langer, V., Fawcett, J., Russell, D., Mansfield, D., Valko, M., & Kocovsky, P. (2001). Synthesis of new chiral 2,2 `-bipyridyl-type ligands, their coordination to molybdenum(0), copper(II), and palladium(II), and application in asymmetric allylic substitution, allylic oxidation, and cyclopropanation. Organometallics, 20(4), 673-690. https://doi.org/10.1021/om000850n
• Caldarelli, M., Baxendale, I., & Ley, S. (2000). Clean and efficient synthesis of azo dyes using polymer-supported reagents. Green Chemistry, 2(2), 43-45. https://doi.org/10.1039/b000816h
• Malkov, A., Baxendale, I., Bella, M., Langer, V., & Kocovsky, P. (2000). Pinene-derived bipyridine ligands (PINDY) in asymmetric catalysis
• Ley, S., Baxendale, I., Bream, R., Jackson, P., Leach, A., Longbottom, D., Nesi, M., Scott, J., Storer, R. I., & Talyor, S. (2000). Multi-step organic synthesis using solid-supported reagents and scavengers: a new paradigm in chemical library generation. Journal of the Chemical Society. Perkin transactions 1, 3815-4195. https://doi.org/10.1039/b006588i
• Baxendale, I., & Ley, S. (2000). Polymer-supported reagents for multi-step organic synthesis: Application to the synthesis of sildenafil. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 10(17), 1983-1986. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0960-894x%2800%2900383-8
• Malkov, A., Baxendale, I., Dvorak, D., Mansfield, D., & Kocovsky, P. (1999). Molybdenum(II)- and tungsten(II)-catalysed allylic substitution. Journal of Organic Chemistry, 64(8), 2737-2750. https://doi.org/10.1021/jo9821776
• Davis, S., Mitchell, W., Malkov, A., Baxendale, I., Mansfield, D., & Kocovsky, P. (1999). Molybdenum(II)-catalysed allylation of electron rich aromatics and heteroaromatics. Journal of Organic Chemistry, 64(8), 2751-2764. https://doi.org/10.1021/jo982178y
• Malkov, A., Baxendale, I., Mansfield, D., & Kocovsky, P. (1998). Molybdenum(II)- and tungsten(II)-catalyzed allylic substitution
• Malkov, A., Baxendale, I., Mansfield, D., & Kocovsky, P. (1997). Molybdenum(II)-catalysed allylic substitution. Tetrahedron Letters, 38(27), 4895-4898. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039%2897%2901052-6

Other (Print)

• Ley, S., Baxendale, I., & Lee, A.-L. (2003). Hydroxide, polymer supported