Staff profile

Responsibilities within department

Director of the University of Durham Photonic Materials Centre. Head of the Organic Electroactive Materials research group.

Research interests

Organic light emitting displays, ultrafast laser spectroscopy materials characterisation, optical spectroscopy, developement of new spectroscopic techniques.

• organic electroactive materials

• Centre for Materials Physics
• Condensed Matter Physics
• Organic Electroactive Materials
• XDur

• Personal home page

• 2018: OCTA: Organic Charge Transfer Applications(£187500.00 from Interreg (ERDF) Europe)
• 2015: EXCILIGHT: Donor-Acceptor light emitting exciplexes as OLED lighting(£369841.88 from European Commission)

• 2013: : Conference Chairman and organiser of the 2013 International Conference on Optical Probes for Conjugated System to be hosted in Durham.
• 2012: : UK-Japan International University-to-Business Symposium, British Embassy Tokyo. Presented case study on joint academic-industry research projects.
• 2012: : EU Project Assessor; projects CELLO, OLED100, SCOOP and Flex-OLED
• 2012: CS3: UK team member Chemical Sciences and Society Summit (CS3) San Francisco, California, United States
• 2011: : Chaired British Council DelPHE-Iraq Exploratory meeting held in Istanbul. A report was submitted to Basra University on a feasible structure for a Nanophotonics Centre.
• 2011: : UK Korean Embassy Plastic Electronics Event (speaker); companies in attendance included Samsung SDi and Display, LG and various research organisations.
• 2011: : Member of the UK Plastic Mission led by British Embassy Tokyo, talks given at Sumitomo, Panasonic, Toshiba, British Embassy event, Lumiotec, Yamagata University, AIST, NEDO.
• 2010: : The Engineer Technology and Innovation Awards 2010, best Environmental Technology, for Project TOPLESS
• 2010: Academy of Finland: Chairman Photonics Panel, Academy of Finland Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Committee.
• 2003: IoP: Fellow of the Institute of Physics
• 2002: Fellow: Leverhulme Fellow

Available for media contact about:

• Industrial materials: organic electroactive materials
• Industrial materials: conductive polymers
• Industrial materials: laser spectroscopy
• Industrial materials: ultra fast lasers

Journal Article

• Stavrou, Kleitos, Franca, Larissa G., Böhmer, Tobias, Duben, Luka M., Marian, Christel M. & Monkman, Andrew P. (2023). Unexpected Quasi‐Axial Conformer in Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence DMAC‐TRZ, Pushing Green OLEDs to Blue. Advanced Functional Materials
• Franca, Larissa G., Danos, Andrew & Monkman, Andrew (2023). Donor, Acceptor, and Molecular Charge Transfer Emission All in One Molecule. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 14(11): 2764-2771.
• Gomes Franca, Larissa, Danos, Andrew & Monkman, Andrew (2022). Spiro donor–acceptor TADF emitters: naked TADF free from inhomogeneity caused by donor acceptor bridge bond disorder. Fast rISC and invariant photophysics in solid state hosts. Journal of Materials Chemistry C 10(4): 1313-1325.
• Monkman, Andrew (2022). Why Do We Still Need a Stable Long Lifetime Deep Blue OLED Emitter? ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 14(18): 20463-20467.
• Aksoy, Erkan, Danos, Andrew, Li, Chunyong, Monkman, Andrew P. & Varlikli, Canan (2021). Silylethynyl Substitution for Preventing Aggregate Formation in Perylene Diimides. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 125(23): 13041-13049.
• Wright, Iain A., Danos, Andrew, Montanaro, Stephanie, Batsanov, Andrei S., Monkman, Andrew P. & Bryce, Martin R. (2021). Conformational Dependence of Triplet Energies in Rotationally Hindered N‐ and S‐Heterocyclic Dimers: New Design and Measurement Rules for High Triplet Energy OLED Host Materials. Chemistry – A European Journal 27(21): 6545-6556.
• Morozov, Konstantin M., Ivanov, Konstantin A., Belonovski, Alexey V., Girshova, Elizaveta I., Pereira, Daniel De Sa, Menelaou, Christopher, Pander, Piotr Henryk, Franca, Larissa Gomes, Monkman, Andrew P., Pozina, Galia, Livshits, Daniil A., Selenin, Nikita V. & Kaliteevski, Mikhail A. (2020). Efficient UV Luminescence from Organic-Based Tamm Plasmon Structures Emitting in the Strong Coupling Regime. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 124(39): 21656-21663.
• Stavrou, Kleitos, Gomes Franca, Larissa & Monkman, Andrew P. (2020). Photophysics of TADF guest-host systems: introducing the idea of hosting potential. ACS Applied Electronic Materials 2(9): 2868-2881.
• Aksoy, Erkan, Danos, Andrew, Varlikli, Canan & Monkman, Andrew P. (2020). Navigating CIE Space for Efficient TADF Downconversion WOLEDs. Dyes and Pigments 183: 108707.
• Long, Yun, Mamada, Masashi, Li, Chunyong, dos Santos, Paloma Lays, Colella, Marco, Danos, Andrew, Adachi, Chihaya & Monkman, Andrew (2020). Excited State Dynamics of Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence from an Excited State Intramolecular Proton Transfer System. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 11(9): 3305-3312.
• Scholz, Reinhard, Kleine, Paul, Lygaitis, Ramunas, Popp, Ludwig, Lenk, Simone, Etherington, Marc K., Monkman, Andrew P. & Reineke, Sebastian (2020). Investigation of Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence from a Donor–Acceptor Compound with Time-Resolved Fluorescence and Density Functional Theory Applying an Optimally Tuned Range-Separated Hybrid Functional. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A 124(8): 1535-1553.
• Farias, Giliandro, Simeão, David S., Moreira, Thamires S., dos Santos, Paloma L., Bentaleb, Ahmed, Girotto, Edivandro, Monkman, Andrew P., Eccher, Juliana, Durola, Fabien, Bock, Harald, de Souza, Bernardo & Bechtold, Ivan H. (2019). An unusual plank-shaped nematogen with a graphene nanoribbon core. Journal of Materials Chemistry C 7(39): 12080-12085.
• Colella, Marco, Danos, Andrew & Monkman, Andrew P. (2019). Identifying the Factors That Lead to PLQY Enhancement in Diluted TADF Exciplexes Based on Carbazole Donors. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 123(28): 17318-17324.
• De Sa Pereira, Daniel, Menelaou, Christopher, Danos, Andrew, Marian, Christel Maria & Monkman, Andrew P. (2019). Electroabsorption Spectroscopy as a Tool to Probe Charge-Transfer and State Mixing in Thermally-Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 10(12): 3205-3211.
• Colella, Marco, Pander, Piotr Henryk, Pereira, Daniel De Sa & Monkman, Andrew P. (2018). Interfacial TADF Exciplex as a Tool to Localise Excitons, Improve Efficiency and Increase OLED Lifetime. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 10(46): 40001–40007.
• Colella, Marco, Pander, Piotr & Monkman, Andrew P. (2018). Solution processable small molecule based TADF exciplex OLEDs. Organic Electronics 62: 168-173.
• Higginbotham, Heather F., Yi, Chih-Lun, Monkman, Andrew P. & Wong, Ken-Tsung (2018). Effects of Ortho-Phenyl Substitution on the rISC Rate of D–A Type TADF Molecules. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 122(14): 7627-7634.
• Morozov, K M, Ivanov, K A, Selenin, N, Mikhrin, S, Sa Pereira, D de, Menelaou, C, Monkman, A P & Kaliteevski, M A (2018). Purcell effect investigation in organic Tamm plasmon structures. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1135: 012082.
• Morozov, K M, Ivanov, K A, Selenin, N, Mikhrin, S, Sa Pereira, D de, Menelaou, C, Monkman, A P & Kaliteevski, M A (2018). Spontaneous emission enhancement in planar metal-organic structures. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1135: 012034.
• Pereira, Daniel Santos, Paloma, Ward, Jonathan, Data, Pryzemyslaw, Okazaki, Youhei, Minakata, Satoshi, Bryce, Martin & Monkman, Andrew (2017). An optical and electrical study of full thermally activated delayed fluorescent white organic light emitting diodes. Scientific Reports 7: 6234.
• Okazaki, Masato, Takeda, Youhei, Data, Przemyslaw, Pander, Piotr, Higginbotham, Heather, Monkman, Andrew P. & Minakata, Satoshi (2017). Thermally activated delayed fluorescent phenothiazine–dibenzo[a,j]phenazine–phenothiazine triads exhibiting tricolor-changing mechanochromic luminescence. Chemical Science 8(4): 2677-2686.
• Gibson, J., Monkman, A.P. & Penfold, T. (2016). The Importance of Vibronic Coupling for Efficient Reverse Intersystem Crossing in Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Molecules. ChemPhysChem 17(19): 2956-2961.
• Kotwica, Kamil, Kostyuchenko, Anastasia S., Data, Przemyslaw, Marszalek, Tomasz, Skorka, Lukasz, Jaroch, Tomasz, Kacka, Sylwia, Zagorska, Malgorzata, Nowakowski, Robert, Monkman, Andrew P., Fisyuk, Alexander S., Pisula, Wojciech & Pron, Adam (2016). Star-Shaped Conjugated Molecules with Oxa- or Thiadiazole Bithiophene Side Arms. Chemistry - A European Journal 22(33): 11795-11806.
• Al Attar, Hameed A. & Monkman, Andy P. (2016). Electric Field Induce Blue Shift and Intensity Enhancement in 2D Exciplex Organic Light Emitting Diodes; Controlling Electron-Hole Separation. Advanced Materials 28(36): 8014-8020.
• Pander, P., Data, P., Turczyn, R., Lapkowski, M., Swist, A., Soloducho, J. & Monkman, A.P. (2016). Synthesis and characterization of chalcogenophene-based monomers with pyridine acceptor unit. Electrochimica Acta 210: 773-782.
• P. Data, M. Bialoglowski, K. Lyzwa, R. Bacewicz, P. Dluzewski, M. Lapkowski, T. Gregorkiewicz, S. Podsiadlo & A.P. Monkman (2016). Kesterite Inorganic-Organic Heterojunction for Solution Processable Solar Cells. Electrochimica Acta 201: 78-85.
• Kotwica, Kamil, Bujak, Piotr, Data, Przemyslaw, Krzywiec, Wojciech, Wamil, Damian, Gunka, Piotr A., Skorka, Lukasz, Jaroch, Tomasz, Nowakowski, Robert, Pron, Adam & Monkman, Andrew (2016). Soluble Flavanthrone Derivatives: Synthesis, Characterization, and Application to Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. Chemistry - A European Journal 22(23): 7978-7986.
• Data, P., Pander, P., Okazaki, M., Takeda, Y., Minakata, S. & Monkman, A.P. (2016). Dibenzo[a,j]phenazine-Cored Donor-Acceptor-Donor Compounds as Green-to-Red/NIR Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Organic Light Emitters. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 55(19): 5739-5744.
• Nobuyasu, Roberto S., Ren, Zhongjie, Griffiths, Gareth C., Batsanov, Andrei S., Data, Przemyslaw, Yan, Shouke, Monkman, Andrew P., Bryce, Martin R. & Dias, Fernando B. (2016). Rational Design of TADF Polymers Using a Donor–Acceptor Monomer with Enhanced TADF Efficiency Induced by the Energy Alignment of Charge Transfer and Local Triplet Excited States. Advanced Optical Materials 4(4): 597-607.
• Ward, Jonathan S., Nobuyasu, Roberto S., Batsanov, Andrei S., Data, Przemyslaw, Monkman, Andrew P., Dias, Fernando B. & Bryce, Martin R. (2016). The interplay of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and room temperature organic phosphorescence in sterically-constrained donor–acceptor charge-transfer molecules. Chemical Communications 52(12): 2612-2615.
• Data, Przemyslaw, Kurowska, Aleksandra, Pluczyk, Sandra, Zassowski, Pawel, Pander, Piotr, Jedrysiak, Rafal, Czwartosz, Michal, Otulakowski, Lukasz, Suwinski, Jerzy, Lapkowski, Mieczyslaw & Monkman, Andrew P. (2016). Exciplex Enhancement as a Tool to Increase OLED Device Efficiency. Journal of Physical Chemistry C 120(4): 2070-2078.
• N. Altinolcek, M. Tavasli, M. Aydemir, B. Abay & A.P. Monkman (2016). Synthesis, thermal and optical properties of a novel bis(2-(4-dicyanovinylphenyl) pyridinato-N, C2) iridium(acetylacetonate). Inorganica Chimica Acta 440: 102-106.
• Jankus, Vygintas, Aydemir, Murat, Dias, Fernando B. & Monkman, Andrew P. (2016). Generating Light from Upper Excited Triplet States: A Contribution to the Indirect Singlet Yield of a Polymer OLED, Helping to Exceed the 25% Singlet Exciton Limit. Advanced Science 3(1): 1500221.
• Laba, Katarzyna, Data, Przemyslaw, Zassowski, Pawel, Pander, Piotr, Lapkowski, Mieczyslaw, Pluta, Krystian & Monkman, Andrew P. (2015). Diquinoline Derivatives as Materials for Potential Optoelectronic Applications. Journal of Physical Chemistry C 119(23): 13129-13137.
• P. Data, A. Swist, M. Lapkowski, J. Soloducho, K. Darowicki & A.P. Monkman (2015). Evidence for Solid State Electrochemical Degradation Within a Small Molecule OLED. Electrochimica Acta 184: 86-93.
• A. Monkman & R.H. Friend (2015). Organic semiconductor spintronics: utilizing triplet excitons in organic electronics. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society a-Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences 373(2044).
• V. Jankus, K. Abdullah, G.C. Griffiths, H. Al-Attar, Y.H. Zheng, M.R. Bryce & A.P. Monkman (2015). The role of exciplex states in phosphorescent OLEDs with poly(vinylcarbazole) ( PVK) host. Organic Electronics 20: 97-102.
• M. Aydemir, G. Haykir, F. Turksoy, S. Gumus, F.B. Dias & A.P. Monkman (2015). Synthesis and investigation of intra-molecular charge transfer state properties of novel donor-acceptor-donor pyridine derivatives: the effects of temperature and environment on molecular configurations and the origin of delayed fluorescence. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 17(38): 25572-25582.
• P. Data, R. Motyka, M. Lapkowski, J. Suwinski, S. Jursenas, G. Kreiza, A. Miasojedovas & A.P. Monkman (2015). Efficient p-phenylene based OLEDs with mixed interfacial exciplex emission. Electrochimica Acta 182: 524-528.
• F.R.P. Limberg, A. Miasojedovas, P. Pingel, F. Reisbeck, S. Janietz, A.P. Monkman & H. Kruger (2015). Hole-transporting side-chain polystyrenes based on TCTA with tuned glass transition and optimized electronic properties. Rsc Advances 5(101): 83122-83128.
• P. Data, R. Motyka, M. Lapkowski, J. Suwinski & A.P. Monkman (2015). Spectroelectrochemical Analysis of Charge Carriers as a Way of Improving Poly(p-phenylene)-Based Electrochromic Windows. Journal of Physical Chemistry C 119(34): 20188-20200.
• Jankus, V., Data, P., Graves, D., McGuinness, C., Santos, J., Bryce, M.R., Dias, F.B. & Monkman, A.P. (2014). Highly Efficient TADF OLEDs: How the Emitter–Host Interaction Controls Both the Excited State Species and Electrical Properties of the Devices to Achieve Near 100% Triplet Harvesting and High Efficiency. Advanced Functional Materials 24(39): 6178-6186.
• J.H. Cook, H.A. Al-Attar & A.P. Monkman (2014). Effect of PEDOT-PSS resistivity and work function on PLED performance. Organic Electronics 15(1): 245-250.
• M. Aydemir, V. Jankus, F.B. Dias & A. Monkman (2014). The key role of geminate electron-hole pair recombination in the delayed fluorescence in rhodamine 6G and ATTO-532. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 16(39): 21543-21549.
• S. Hofmann, M. Hummert, R. Scholz, R. Luschtinetz, C. Murawski, P.A. Will, S.I. Hintschich, J. Alex, V. Jankus, A.P. Monkman, B. Lussem, K. Leo & M.C. Gather (2014). Engineering Blue Fluorescent Bulk Emitters for OLEDs: Triplet Harvesting by Green Phosphors. Chemistry of Materials 26(7): 2414-2426.
• D. Graves, V. Jankus, F.B. Dias & A. Monkman (2014). Photophysical Investigation of the Thermally Activated Delayed Emission from Films of m-MTDATA: PBD Exciplex. Advanced Functional Materials 24(16): 2343-2351.
• Cook, Javan H., Santos, José, Li, Haiying, Al-Attar, Hameed A., Bryce, Martin R. & Monkman, Andrew P. (2014). Efficient deep blue fluorescent polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs). Journal of materials Chemistry C 2(28): 5587-5592.
• Snedden, Edward W., Monkman, Andrew P. & Dias, Fernando B. (2013). Photophysics of the Geminate Polaron-Pair State in Copper Phthalocyanine Organic Photovoltaic Blends: Evidence for Enhanced Intersystem Crossing. Advanced materials 25(13 ): 1930-1938.
• E. Stanislovaityte, J. Simokaitiene, S. Raisys, H. Al-Attar, J.V. Grazulevicius, A.P. Monkman & V. Jankus (2013). Carbazole based polymers as hosts for blue iridium emitters: synthesis, photophysics and high efficiency PLEDs. Journal of Materials Chemistry C 1(48): 8209-8221.
• Zhang, J, Zhou, L., Al-Attar, H.A., Shao, K., Wang, L., Zhu. D., Su, Z., Bryce, M.R. & Monkman, A.P. (2013). Efficient light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) based on ionic iridium(III) complexes with 1,3,4-oxadiazole ligands. Advanced functional materials 23(37): 4667-4677.
• Jankus, Vygintas, Snedden, Edward W., Bright, Daniel W., Whittle, Victoria L., Williams, J. A. G. & Monkman, Andy (2013). Energy Upconversion via Triplet Fusion in Super Yellow PPV Films Doped with Palladium Tetraphenyltetrabenzoporphyrin: a Comprehensive Investigation of Exciton Dynamics. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 23(3): 384-393.
• V. Jankus, E.W. Snedden, D.W. Bright, E. Arac, D.C. Dai & A.P. Monkman (2013). Competition between polaron pair formation and singlet fission observed in amorphous rubrene films. Physical Review B 87(22).
• Dias, F.B., Bourdakos, K.N., Jankus, V., Moss, K.C., Kamtekar, K.T., Bhalla, V., Santos, J., Bryce, M.R. & Monkman, A.P. (2013). Triplet Harvesting with 100% Efficiency by Way of Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence in Charge Transfer OLED Emitters. Advanced Materials 25(27): 3707-3714.
• H. Chun, C.J. Chiang, A. Monkman & D. O'Brien (2013). A Study of Illumination and Communication using Organic Light Emitting Diodes. Journal of Lightwave Technology 31(22): 3511-3517.
• Jankus, Vygintas, Chiang, Chien-Jung, Dias, Fernando & Monkman, Andrew P. (2013). Deep Blue Exciplex Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with Enhanced Efficiency; P-type or E-type Triplet Conversion to Singlet Excitons? Advanced Materials 25(10): 1455-1459.
• A.P. Monkman (2013). The blues: What is OLED lighting missing? Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society 246.
• Knaapila, Matti & Monkman, Andrew P. (2013). Methods for Controlling Structure and Photophysical Properties in Polyfluorene Solutions and Gels. ADVANCED MATERIALS 25(8): 1090-1108.
• D.C. Dai & A.P. Monkman (2013). Femtosecond hot-exciton emission in a ladder-type pi-conjugated rigid-polymer nanowire. Physical Review B 87(4).
• Hassan, J. J., Mahdi, M. A., Yusof, Y., Abu-Hassan, H., Hassan, Z., Al-Attar, H. A. & Monkman, A. P. (2013). Fabrication of ZnO nanorod/p-GaN high-brightness UV LED by microwave-assisted chemical bath deposition with Zn(OH)(2)-PVA nanocomposites as seed layer. OPTICAL MATERIALS 35(5): 1035-1041.
• Chiang, Chien-Jung, Kimyonok, Alpay, Etherington, Marc K., Griffiths, Gareth C., Jankus, Vygintas, Turksoy, Figen & Monkman, Andrew P. (2013). Ultrahigh Efficiency Fluorescent Single and Bi-Layer Organic Light Emitting Diodes: The Key Role of Triplet Fusion. Advanced Functional Materials 23(6): 739-746.
• Al-Attar, Hameed A. & Monkman, Andrew P. (2012). Room-Temperature Phosphorescence From Films of Isolated Water-Soluble Conjugated Polymers in Hydrogen-Bonded Matrices. Advanced Functional Materials 22(18): 3824-3832.
• Andres-Tome, Inmaculada, Fyson, John, Dias, Fernando Baiao, Monkman, Andy P., Iacobellis, Giuliano & Coppo, Paolo (2012). Copper(I) complexes with bipyridyl and phosphine ligands: a systematic study. DALTON TRANSACTIONS 41(28): 8669-8674.
• Snedden, Edward W., Monkman, Andrew P. & Dias, Fernando B. (2012). Kinetic Studies of Geminate Polaron Pair Recombination, Dissociation, and Efficient Triplet Exciton Formation in PC:PCBM Organic Photovoltaic Blends. JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C 116(7): 4390-4398.
• Al Attar, Hameed A. & Monkman, Andrew P. (2012). Controlled energy transfer between isolated donor-acceptor molecules intercalated in thermally self-ensemble two-dimensional hydrogen bonding cages. PHYSICAL REVIEW B 86(23): 235420.
• Marques, Ana T., Burrows, Hugh D., Sergio Seixas de Melo, J., Valente, Artur J. M., Justino, Licinia L. G., Scherf, Ullrich, Fron, Eduard, Rocha, Susana, Hofkens, Johan, Snedden, Edward W. & Monkman, Andrew P. (2012). Spectroscopic Properties, Excitation, and Electron Transfer in an Anionic Water-Soluble Poly(fluorene-alt-phenylene)-perylenediimide Copolymer. JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 116(25): 7548-7559.
• Snedden, E. Monkman, A.P. & Dias, F.B. (2012). Photophysics of Charge Generation in Organic Photovoltaic Materials: Kinetic Studies of Geminate and Free Polarons in a Model Donor/Acceptor System. Journal of Physical Chemistry C 116(1): 86-97.
• Krinichnyi, V. I., Konkin, A. L. & Monkman, A. P. (2012). Electron paramagnetic resonance study of spin centers related to charge transport in metallic polyaniline. SYNTHETIC METALS 162(13-14): 1147-1155.
• Chiang, C.J., Winscom, C. & Monkman, A. (2010). Electroluminescence characterization of FOLED devices under two type of external stresses caused by bending. Organic Electronics 11(11): 1870-1875.
• Pålsson, L.-O., Wang, C., Batsanov, A.S., King, S.M., Beeby, A., Monkman, A.P. & Bryce, M.R. (2010). Efficient Intramolecular Charge Transfer in Oligoyne-Linked Donor–π–Acceptor Molecules. Chemistry - A European Journal 16(5): 1470-1479.
• Adams, PN, Abell, L, Middleton, A & Monkman, AP (1997). Low temperature synthesis of high molecular weight polyaniline using dichromate oxidant. Synthetic Metals 84(1-3): 61-62.
• Boyer, M, Quillard, S, Louarn, G, Lefrant, S, Rebourt, E & Monkman, AP (1997). Oxidized model compounds of polyaniline studied by resonance Raman spectroscopy. Synthetic Metals 84(1-3): 787-788.
• Abell, L, Pomfret, SJ, Adams, PN, Middleton, AC & Monkman, AP (1997). Studies of stretched predoped polyaniline films. Synthetic Metals 84(1-3): 803-804.
• Laughlin, PJ & Monkman, AP (1997). Mechanical properties of oriented emeraldine base polyaniline. Synthetic Metals 84(1-3): 765-766.
• Halliday, DP, Eggleston, JM, Adams, PN, Pentland, IA & Monkman, AP (1997). Visible electroluminescence from a polyaniline-porous silicon junction. Synthetic Metals 85(1-3): 1245-1246.
• Pomfret, SJ, Rebout, E, Abell, L & Monkman, AP (1997). Electroabsorption studies of polyaniline. Synthetic Metals 84(1-3): 729-732.
• Rebourt, E, Joule, JA & Monkman, AP (1997). Polyaniline oligomers; Synthesis and characterisation. Synthetic Metals 84(1-3): 65-66.
• Chow, KH, Jestadt, T, Gee, PJ, Blundell, SJ, Singleton, J, Hayes, W & Monkman, AP (1997). Magnetoconductance of 60% PANI-CSA films. Synthetic Metals 84(1-3): 817-818.
• Pratt, FL, Blundell, SJ, Pattenden, PA, Hayes, W, Chow, KH, Monkman, AP, Ishiguro, T, Ishida, K & Nagamine, K (1997). Spin dynamics in conducting polymers studied by mu SR. Hyperfine Interactions 106(1-4): 33-38.
• Pratt, FL, Ishida, K, Nagamine, K, Pattenden, PA, Jestadt, T, Chow, KH, Blundell, SJ, Hayes, W & Monkman, AP (1997). Muon studies of spin dynamics in polyaniline. Synthetic Metals 84(1-3): 943-944.
• Barker, PS, Monkman, AP, Petty, MC & Pride, R (1997). Electrical characteristics of a polyaniline/silicon hybrid field-effect transistor gas sensor. Iee Proceedings-circuits Devices And Systems 144(2): 111-116.
• Abell, L, Pomfret, SJ, Adams, PN & Monkman, AP (1997). Thermal studies of doped polyaniline. Synthetic Metals 84(1-3): 127-128.
• Halim, M, Samuel, IDW, Rebourt, E & Monkman, AP (1997). Measurement of time dependent quantum yield of poly(p-pyridine) and poly(p-phenylenevinylene). Synthetic Metals 84(1-3): 951-952.
• Monkman, AP, Rebourt, E & Petr, A (1997). Solution state doping studies of the polyemeraldine camphor sulphonic acid system. Synthetic Metals 84(1-3): 761-762.
• Pomfret, SJ, Rebourt, E & Monkman, AP (1996). Electroabsorption measurements of the emeraldine base form of polyaniline. Synthetic Metals 76(1-3): 19-22.
• Pomfret, SJ, Monkman, AP & Havinga, EE (1996). Electroabsorption measurements of polysquaraine. Synthetic Metals 78(3): 285-288.
• Kugler, T, Rasmusson, JR, Osterholm, JE, Monkman, AP & Salaneck, WR (1996). Atomic force microscopy investigations of morphologies in ultrathin polyaniline films. Synthetic Metals 76(1-3): 181-185.
• Adams, PN, Laughlin, PJ & Monkman, AP (1996). Synthesis of high molecular weight polyaniline at low temperatures. Synthetic Metals 76(1-3): 157-160.
• Goldenberg, LM, Monkman, AP, Pearson, C, Gibson, J, Bryce, MR & Petty, MC (1996). Application of electrochemical techniques to the study of Langmuir-Blodgett films of N-octadecylpyridinium-Ni (dmit)(2). Thin Solid Films 285: 512-515.
• Abell, L, Adams, PN & Monkman, AP (1996). Electrical conductivity enhancement of predoped polyaniline by stretch orientation. Polymer 37(26): 5927-5931.
• Barker, PS, Petty, MC, Monkman, AP, McMurdo, J, Cook, MJ & Pride, R (1996). A hybrid phthalocyanine/silicon field-effect transistor sensor for NO2. Thin Solid Films 285: 94-97.
• Granito, C, Goldenberg, LM, Bryce, MR, Monkman, AP, Troisi, L, Pasimeni, L & Petty, MC (1996). Optical and electrochemical properties of metallophthalocyanine derivative Langmuir-Blodgett films. Langmuir 12(2): 472-476.
• Holland, ER, Pomfret, SJ, Adams, PN & Monkman, AP (1996). Conductivity studies of polyaniline doped with CSA. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 8(17): 2991-3002.
• Adams, PN, Laughlin, PJ, Monkman, AP & Kenwright, AM (1996). Low temperature synthesis of high molecular weight polyaniline. Polymer 37(15): 3411-3417.
• Halliday, D.P., Holland, E.R., Eggleston, J.M., Adams, P.N., Cox, S.E. & Monkman, A.P. (1996). Electroluminescence from porous silicon using a conducting polyaniline contact. Thin Solid Films 276(1-2): 299-302.
• HOLLAND, ER & MONKMAN, AP (1995). THERMOELECTRIC-POWER MEASUREMENTS IN HIGHLY CONDUCTIVE STRETCH-ORIENTED POLYANILINE FILMS. Synthetic Metals 74(1): 75-79.
• BARKER, PS, DIBARTOLOMEO, C, MONKMAN, AP, PETTY, MC & PRIDE, R (1995). GAS-SENSING USING A CHARGE-FLOW TRANSISTOR. Sensors And Actuators B-chemical 25(1-3): 451-453.
• TRAVERS, JP, LEGUYADEC, P, ADAMS, PN, LAUGHLIN, PJ & MONKMAN, AP (1995). ANISOTROPY OF THE CONDUCTIVITY IN POLYANILINE FILMS - EFFECT OF CHAIN ORIENTATION AND HYDRATION. Journal De Chimie Physique Et De Physico-chimie Biologique 92(4): 1009-1012.
• MONKMAN, AP, ADAMS, PN, LAUGHLIN, PJ & HOLLAND, ER (1995). POLYANILINE, AIR-STABLE ORGANIC METAL - FACT, NO LONGER FICTION. Synthetic Metals 69(1-3): 183-186.
• TRAVERS, JP, LEGUYADEC, P, ADAMS, PN, LAUGHLIN, PJ & MONKMAN, AP (1995). MICROSCOPIC AND MACROSCOPIC TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES OF POLYANILINE - EFFECT OF CHAIN ORIENTATION AND HYDRATION. Synthetic Metals 69(1-3): 229-230.
• AGBOR, NE, PETTY, MC & MONKMAN, AP (1995). POLYANILINE THIN-FILMS FOR GAS-SENSING. Sensors And Actuators B-chemical 28(3): 173-179.
• PRATT, FL, VALLADARES, RM, PATTENDEN, PA, BLUNDELL, SJ, HAYES, W, MONKMAN, AP & NAGAMINE, K (1995). MU-SR STUDIES OF SPIN EXCITATIONS IN POLYANILINE. Synthetic Metals 69(1-3): 231-232.
• ADAMS, PN, LAUGHLIN, PJ, MONKMAN, AP & BERNHOEFT, N (1994). A FURTHER STEP TOWARDS STABLE ORGANIC METALS - ORIENTED FILMS OF POLYANILINE WITH HIGH ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY AND ANISOTROPY. Solid State Communications 91(11): 875-878.
• GOLDENBERG, LM, COOKE, G, PEARSON, C, MONKMAN, AP, BRYCE, MR & PETTY, MC (1994). ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF HEXADECANOYLTETRATHIAFULVALENE LANGMUIR-BLODGETT-FILMS. Thin Solid Films 238(2): 280-284.
• HOLLAND, ER, BLOOR, D, MONKMAN, AP, BROWN, A, DELEEUW, D, BOUMAN, MM & MEIJER, EW (1994). EFFECTS OF ORDER AND DISORDER ON FIELD-EFFECT MOBILITIES MEASURED ON CONJUGATED POLYMER THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS. Journal Of Applied Physics 75(12): 7954-7958.
• BRASSETT, A, MONKMAN, A & BLOOR, D (1994). TOWARDS THE EFFECTS OF CONJUGATION LENGTH ON PHOTOINDUCED SPECIES. Molecular Crystals And Liquid Crystals Science And Technology Section A-molecular Crystals And Liquid Crystals 256: 493-498.
• TRAVERS, JP, LEGUYADEC, P, ADAMS, PN, LAUGHLIN, PJ & MONKMAN, AP (1994). SPIN DYNAMICS STUDY IN POLYANILINE - MACROSCOPIC AND MICROSCOPIC TRANSPORT PROPERTY RELATIONSHIP. Synthetic Metals 65(2-3): 159-166.
• BARKER, PS, CHEN, JR, AGBOR, NE, MONKMAN, AP, MARS, P & PETTY, MC (1994). VAPOR RECOGNITION USING ORGANIC FILMS AND ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS. Sensors And Actuators B-chemical 17(2): 143-147.
• GOLDENBERG, LM, PETTY, MC & MONKMAN, AP (1994). A COMPARATIVE-STUDY OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF DIP-COATED, SPUN, AND LANGMUIR-BLODGETT-FILMS OF POLYANILINE. Journal Of The Electrochemical Society 141(6): 1573-1576.
• AGBOR, NE, PETTY, MC, MONKMAN, AP & HARRIS, M (1993). LANGMUIR-BLODGETT-FILMS OF POLYANILINE. Synthetic Metals 57(1): 3789-3794.
• KENWRIGHT, AM, FEAST, WJ, ADAMS, P, MILTON, AJ, MONKMAN, AP & SAY, BJ (1993). SOLUTION-STATE NMR-STUDIES OF POLYANILINE STRUCTURE. Synthetic Metals 55(1): 666-671.
• MONKMAN, AP, ADAMS, P, MILTON, A, SCULLY, M, POMFRET, S & KENWRIGHT, AM (1993). WHAT DO RING ROTATIONS DO FOR POLYANILINE. Molecular Crystals And Liquid Crystals Science And Technology Section A-molecular Crystals And Liquid Crystals 234: 729-737.
• SCULLY, M, PETTY, MC & MONKMAN, AP (1993). OPTICAL-PROPERTIES OF POLYANILINE THIN-FILMS. Synthetic Metals 55(1): 183-187.
• GOLDENBERG, LM, WILLIAMS, G, BRYCE, MR, MONKMAN, AP, PETTY, MC, HIRSCH, A & SOI, A (1993). ELECTROCHEMICAL STUDIES ON LANGMUIR-BLODGETT-FILMS OF 1-TERT-BUTYL-1,9-DIHYDROFULLERENE-60. Journal Of The Chemical Society-chemical Communications (17): 1310-1312.
• Adams, P.N., Monkman, A.P. & Apperley, D.C. (1993). A comparison of the molecular weights of polyaniline samples obtained from gel permeation chromatography and solid state 15N n.m.r. spectroscopy. Polymer 34(2): 328-332.
• PRATT, FL, HAYES, W, MITCHELL, GR, ROSSI, B, KIANI, MS, MALHOTRA, BD, PANDEY, SS, MILTON, A & MONKMAN, AP (1993). MUON STUDIES OF CONDUCTING POLYMERS. Synthetic Metals 55(1): 677-684.
• HANLY, NM, BLOOR, D, MONKMAN, AP, BONNETT, R & RIBO, JM (1993). POLY(N-METHYLISOINDOLE), A COLOR NEUTRAL CONDUCTING ORGANIC POLYMER. Synthetic Metals 60(3): 195-198.
• MILTON, AJ & MONKMAN, AP (1993). A COMPARATIVE-STUDY OF POLYANILINE FILMS USING THERMAL ANALYSES AND IR SPECTROSCOPY. Journal Of Physics D-applied Physics 26(9): 1468-1474.
• Adams, P.N., Monkman, A.P. & Apperley, D.C. (1993). A comparison of the molecular weights of polyaniline samples obtained from gel permeation chromatography and solid-state nitrogen - 15 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Synthetic Metals 55(1): 725-730.
• MILTON, AJ & MONKMAN, AP (1993). THERMAL-ANALYSIS OF POLYANILINE FREE STANDING FILMS. Synthetic Metals 57(1): 3571-3575.
• MONKMAN, AP (1992). ELECTROACTIVITY IN POLYANILINE. Molecular Crystals And Liquid Crystals 216: 777-784.
• KENWRIGHT, AM, FEAST, WJ, ADAMS, P, MILTON, AJ, MONKMAN, AP & SAY, BJ (1992). SOLUTION-STATE C-13 NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE STUDIES OF POLYANILINE. Polymer 33(20): 4292-4298.
• MONKMAN, AP & ADAMS, P (1991). STRETCH ALIGNED POLYANILINE FILMS. Solid State Communications 78(1): 29-31.
• MONKMAN, AP & ADAMS, P (1991). OPTICAL AND ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES OF STRETCH-ORIENTED SOLUTION-CAST POLYANILINE FILMS. Synthetic Metals 40(1): 87-96.
• MONKMAN, AP & ADAMS, P (1991). OBSERVED ANISOTROPIES IN STRETCH ORIENTED POLYANILINE. Synthetic Metals 41(1-2): 627-633.
• MONKMAN, AP & ADAMS, P (1991). STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYANILINE FREE STANDING FILMS. Synthetic Metals 41(3): 891-896.
• MONKMAN, AP, STEVENS, GC & BLOOR, D (1991). X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPIC INVESTIGATIONS OF THE CHAIN STRUCTURE AND DOPING MECHANISMS IN POLYANILINE. Journal Of Physics D-applied Physics 24(5): 738-749.
• BLOOR, D, MONKMAN, AP, STEVENS, GC, CHEUNG, KM & PUGH, S (1990). STRUCTURE-PROPERTY RELATIONSHIPS IN CONDUCTIVE POLYMERS. Molecular Crystals And Liquid Crystals 187: 231-239.
• MONKMAN, AP, BLOOR, D & STEVENS, GC (1990). EFFECTS OF OXIDATION-STATE ON THE MEASURED G-VALUE IN POLYANILINE. Journal Of Physics D-applied Physics 23(5): 627-629.
• MONKMAN, AP, BLOOR, D, STEVENS, GC, STEVENS, JCH & WILSON, P (1989). ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE AND CHARGE TRANSPORT MECHANISMS IN POLYANILINE. Synthetic Metals 29(1): E277-E284.
• ALBERY, WJ, CHEN, Z, HORROCKS, BR, MOUNT, AR, WILSON, PJ, BLOOR, D, MONKMAN, AT & ELLIOTT, CM (1989). Spectroscopic and electrochemical studies of charge transfer in modified electrodes. Faraday Discussions 247-259.
• BLOOR, D & MONKMAN, A (1987). SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES OF POLYANILINE. Synthetic Metals 21(2): 175-179.
• MONKMAN, AP, BLOOR, D, STEVENS, GC & STEVENS, JCH (1987). ELECTRONIC-ENERGY LEVELS OF POLYANILINE. Journal Of Physics D-applied Physics 20(11): 1337-1345.