Staff profile

Barend van Leeuwen is Professor of European Union Law at Durham Law School. Before joining Durham, Barend worked at the University of Groningen in the Netherlands.

Barend read Law at Trinity College, Cambridge, and obtained an LLM in European Law from the College of Europe in Bruges. He trained as a barrister and completed his pupillage in criminal law at 23 Essex Street in London. After his pupillage, he moved to Florence to do a PhD at the European University Institute. His PhD thesis focussed on the interaction between EU law and private law. In 2017, his monograph ‘European Standardisation of Services and its Impact on Private Law: Paradoxes of Convergence’ was published by Hart.

Barend’s research interests focus on EU internal market law, judicial protection and the interaction between EU law and medical law.

His current research projects focus on the relationship between free movement law and comparative law ("legal empathy") and the role and "position" of free movement of services in the EU internal market in the 2020s. He is also working on the relationship between State liability and private liability for breaches of EU law.

From 2022 to 2024, Barend was Deputy Dean (Education) and Director of Education in Durham Law School. In February 2022, Barend won Durham Law School's "Law Teacher of the Year Award". In March 2023, he was joint winner of the Law School's "Law Teacher of the Year Award". In December 2016, he was elected Lecturer of the Year of the Faculty of Law of the University of Groningen. 

Teaching Areas

• European Union Law
• Contemporary Issues in the Law of the European Internal Market
• Contemporary Issues in Biolaw
• Frontiers in Biolaw

• EU Internal Market Law
• EU Health Law
• Judicial Protection
• Medical Law and Ethics

Authored book

• Van Leeuwen, B. (2017). European Standardisation of Services and its Impact on Private Law: Paradoxes of Convergence. Hart Publishing. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781509908363

Chapter in book

• Van Leeuwen, B. Harmonisation, European Standardisation and the New Approach. In R. Schütze, & T. Tridimas (Eds.), Oxford Principles of European Union Law, Volume II: Internal Market. Oxford University Press
• Van Leeuwen, B. (in press). To Keck and Back: Alpine Investments and Export Restrictions on the Free Movement of Services. In P. Craig, & R. Schütze (Eds.), Landmark Cases in EU Law (Volume 2). Hart Publishing
• Van Leeuwen, B. (2020). The Impact of the Legitimacy of European Standards on Their Application in Private Law: a Case Study on Professional Standards in the Medical Sector. In M. Eliantonio, & C. Cauffman (Eds.), The Legitimacy of Standardisation as a Regulatory Technique (110-130). Edward Elgar Publishing
• Van Leeuwen, B. (2019). The Psychology of Judicial Co-operation: The Preliminary Reference Procedure as a Therapeutic Relationship. In L. De Almeida, M. Cantero Gamito, M. Durovic, & K. Purnhagen (Eds.), The Transformation of Economic Law (317-335). Hart Publishing
• Van Leeuwen, B. (2019). European Standards and the Unfair Contract Terms Directive. In E. Van Schagen, & S. Weatherill (Eds.), Better Regulation in EU Contract Law (163-185). Hart Publishing
• Van Leeuwen, B. (2017). The Impact of EU Intellectual Property Law and the Charter on Private Law Concepts. In H.-W. Micklitz, & C. Sieburgh (Eds.), Primary EU Law and Private Law Concepts (241-270). Intersentia
• Vedder, H., & Van Leeuwen, B. (2016). Uitleiding. In F. Oldenhuis, & A. Vorsselman (Eds.), Letselschade en Europa (103-110). Boom Juridisch
• Van Leeuwen, B., & Monti, G. (2016). EU Law and Interest on Damages for Infringements of Competition Law. In G. Monti (Ed.), EU Law and Interest on Damages for Infringements of Competition Law: A Comparative Report (1-30). European University Institute

Journal Article

• Van Leeuwen, B. (in press). Repositioning Free Movement of Services: A Substantive Perspective on the Structure and Dynamics of the Internal Market. Common Market Law Review, 62,
• Van Leeuwen, B. (2023). The Doctor in Free Movement Law: Expertise, Duty, and Accountability. The Cambridge yearbook of European legal studies, 25, 198-224. https://doi.org/10.1017/cel.2023.13
• Van Leeuwen, B. (2023). Patient Choice, Medical Ethics and Free Movement of Patients: The "Emancipation" of the Cross-Border Healthcare Directive. European law review, 48(6), 662-680
• Gimbel, I., Mostert, M., Van Leeuwen, B., & Van Leeuwen, R. (2022). From Discipline to Quality of Care: How Neurologists Can Learn from Decisions of Disciplinary Tribunals. European Neurology, 85(3), 202-207. https://doi.org/10.1159/000521391
• Van Leeuwen, B. (2021). The scope of application of the free movement provisions and the role of Article 18 TFEU: Allianz. Common Market Law Review, 58(4), 1249-1270
• Van Leeuwen, B. (2021). Legal Empathy in the Internal Market: Free Movement Law as a Comparative Dialogue. European law review, 46(5), 625-646
• Verbruggen, P., & Van Leeuwen, B. (2020). Het PIP-schandaal tien jaar verder: Een analyse van de geboekte resultaten en nog onbeantwoorde vragen. Tijdschrift voor Consumentenrecht & Handelspraktijken, 12-22
• Van Leeuwen, B. (2020). Free Movement of Life? The Interaction Between the Best Interests Test and the Right to Freely Receive Services in Tafida Raqeeb. Public Law, 398-408
• Van Leeuwen, B. (2020). Towards Europeanisation Through the Proportionality Test? The Impact of Free Movement Law on Medical Professional Discipline. European Law Journal: Review of European Law in Context, 26(1-2), 61-82. https://doi.org/10.1111/eulj.12362
• Van Leeuwen, B. (2019). The Patient in Free Movement Law: Medical History, Diagnosis and Prognosis. The Cambridge yearbook of European legal studies, 21, 162-186. https://doi.org/10.1017/cel.2019.5
• Van Leeuwen, B. (2019). Market Access, The New Approach And Private Law. European Review of Private Law, 27(2), 269-292
• Van Leeuwen, B. (2018). Euthanasia and the Ethics of Free Movement Law: The Principle of Recognition in the Internal Market. German law journal, 19(6), 1417-1436
• Colombi Ciacchi, A., Hodges, C., Van Leeuwen, B., Mak, V., Micklitz, H., Rueda, I., Van Schagen, E., & Weatherill, S. (2018). Position Paper on the Fitness Check of EU Consumer Law. European Review of Private Law, 26(5), 703-706
• Verbruggen, P., & Van Leeuwen, B. (2018). The liability of notified bodies under the EU's New Approach: the implications of the PIP breast implants case. European law review, 43(3), 394-409
• Van Leeuwen, B. (2018). Standardisation in the Internal Market for Services: An Effective Alternative to Harmonisation?. Revue internationale de droit économique, 32(3), 319-332
• Van Leeuwen, B. (2017). Rethinking the Structure of Free Movement Law: The Centralisation of Proportionality in the Internal Market. European Journal of Legal Studies, 10(1), 235-265
• Van Leeuwen, B. (2017). Vaste verkoopprijzen voor medicijnen beoordeeld onder artikel 34 VWEU. Nederlands tijdschrift voor Europees recht, 62-67. https://doi.org/10.5553/nter/138241202017023003004
• Condon, R., & Van Leeuwen, B. (2016). Bottom Up or Rock Bottom Harmonization? Francovich State Liability in National Courts. Yearbook of European Law, 35(1), 229-290. https://doi.org/10.1093/yel/yew004
• Van Leeuwen, B. (2016). The Doctor, the Patient, and EU Law: The Impact of Free Movement Law on Quality Standards in the Healthcare Sector. European law review, 41(5), 638-654
• Verbruggen, P., & Van Leeuwen, B. (2015). Europese regelgeving inzake medische hulpmiddelen. Het PIP-schandaal, de 'Nieuwe Aanpak' en consumenten-bescherming. Tijdschrift voor Consumentenrecht & Handelspraktijken, 111-121
• Verbruggen, P., & Van Leeuwen, B. (2015). Aansprakelijkheid voor gebrekkige medische hulpzaken. De (mogelijke) invloed van het Europese Hof van Justitie
• Van Leeuwen, B. (2015). La responsabilité des organismes notifiés du fait d’implants mammaires défectueux: TÜV Rheinland devant les tribunaux français et allemands. Revue internationale de droit économique, 29(1), 69-85. https://doi.org/10.3917/ride.291.0069
• Van Leeuwen, B., & Verbruggen, P. (2015). Resuscitating EU Product Liability Law?. European Review of Private Law, 23, 899-915
• Van Leeuwen, B. (2014). Private Regulation and Public Responsibility in the Internal Market. Yearbook of European Law, 33(1), 277-297. https://doi.org/10.1093/yel/yeu020
• Van Leeuwen, B. (2014). PIP Breast Implants, the EU's New Approach for Goods and Market Surveillance by Notified Bodies. European Journal of Risk Regulation, 5(03), 338-350. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1867299x0000386x
• Van Leeuwen, B. (2013). From Status to Impact, and the Role of National Legislation: The Application of Article 34 TFEU to a Private Certification Organisation in Fra.bo. European Journal of Risk Regulation, 4, 405-408
• Van Leeuwen, B. (2012). An Illusion of Protection and an Assumption of Responsibility: The Possibility of Swedish State Liability after Laval. The Cambridge yearbook of European legal studies, 14, 453-473