Staff profile

2013 – present — Professor in Environmental Chemistry, Dept. of Earth Sciences, University of Durham.

2006 – 2012: — Professor Reader in Environmental Chemistry, Dept. of Earth Sciences, University of Durham.

2002 – 2006 — Professor Senior lecturer in Environmental Chemistry, Dept. of Earth Sciences, University of Durham.

1998 – 2002: — Lecturer in Environmental Chemistry, Dept. of Geological Sciences, University of Durham.

1996 – 1998 — Temporary lecturer in Environmental Chemistry, Dept. of Geological Sciences, University of Durham.

1995 – 1996 — Higher Scientific Officer, Fluid Processes Group, British Geological Survey

1995 — PhD (Reading)

1992 — MA (Cantab)

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Career Research Highlights

Fred’s research career started with work on pesticide pollution which included use of molecular modelling that lead to an ab initio explanation of groundwater pollution and new methods of measuring groundwater vulnerability. While in Durham, Fred was the first to develop a complete carbon budget for a Peatlands which was extended to consider impact of management upon the greenhouse gas balance of Peatlands and modelling of these fluxes. More recent work has considered global processes and especially the impact of the oxidation state of the terrestrial biosphere.

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Committee and Society Service

Member of the NERC peer review college

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Conferences and Workshops

2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 — “Peatlands”. Session Convenor, EGU General Assembly

2007 — “Biogeochemical fluxes from northern watersheds”, Session Convenor, AGU Fall Meeting

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Invited Speaker (selected, since 2008)

2012 — AGU Fall Meeting

2011 — AGU Fall Meeting

2010 — AGU Fall meeting

2008 — EGU General Assembly

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Membership of Organisations and Societies

Member of the Higher Education Academy

Member of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences

Member of the European Geosciences Union

Member of the American Geophysical Union

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• Carbon biogeochemistry especially of peats and rivers
• Agricultural pollution, especially pesticide and nitrate pollution
• Contaminant hydrology
• Environmental chemistry

• Carbon, Waste and Water
• Climate and Environmental Change
• Geochemistry Research Group
• Geoenergy, Resources and Waste

• 2021: Project 535699: COA Extension #52 NE/R017840/1(£0.00 from Natural Environmental Research Council)
• 2018: SHAPE-UK: Impact of hydraulic fracturing in the overburden of shale resource plays: Process-based evaluation(£126763.03 from Natural Environmental Research Council)
• 2018: Would It Be Feasible To Migrate Nitrate Losses Under Climate Change And Land-use Change?(£0.00 from )

Chapter in book

• Worrall, F. (2002). Direct assessment of groundwater vulnerability from borehole observations. In Sustainable Groundwater Development. Hiscock, K.M. Rivett, M.O. & Davison, R.M. London: Geological Society, London, Spec. 193: 245-254.
• Worrall, F. & Burt, T.P. (1999). Modelling the impact of land-use change on water quality in lowland catchments: the role of dynamic nitrogen reservoirs. In Impact of land-use change on nutrient loss from diffuse sources: Proceedings of an International Symposium Held During IUGG 99, the XXII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, at Birmingham, UK 18-30 July 1999. Heathwaite, L. Wallingford, UK: IAHS Press. 257: 151-157.
• Wooff,D.A.,, A.H.Seheult, F.Coolen & F.Worrall (1999). A Bayesian reappraisal of environmental fate and behaviour data used in pesticide registration. In Statistics for the Environment. Barnett, V. & Turkman, K.F. John Wiley. 4.
• Worrall F., Wooff, D.A., Seheult, A.H. & Coolen, F.P.A. (1998). A Bayesian approach to the analysis of environmental fate and behaviour data for pesticide registration. In Statistics for the Environment: 4. Barnett, Vic Turkman, K. Feridun & Stein, Alfred John Wiley & Sons. 54: 99-112.

Journal Article

• Worrall, Fred, Howden, Nicholas J. K., Burt, Tim P. & Hannah, David M. (2022). River water temperature demonstrates resistance to long‐term air temperature change. Hydrological Processes 36(11).
• Liptzin, Daniel, Boy, Jens, Campbell, John L., Clarke, Nicholas, Laclau, Jean‐Paul, Godoy, Roberto, Johnson, Sherri L., Kaiser, Klaus, Likens, Gene E., Karlsson, Gunilla Pihl, Markewitz, Daniel, Rogora, Michela, Sebestyen, Stephen D., Shanley, James B., Vanguelova, Elena, Verstraeten, Arne, Wilcke, Wolfgang, Worrall, Fred & McDowell, William H. (2022). Spatial and Temporal Patterns in Atmospheric Deposition of Dissolved Organic Carbon. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 36(10).
• Burt, Tim, Pinay, Gilles, Worrall, Fred & Howden, Nicholas (2022). Slopes: solute processes and landforms. Geological Society, London, Memoirs 58(1): 191-204.
• Worrall, Fred, Boothroyd, Ian. M., Clay, Gareth D., Moody, Catherine S., Heckman, Katherine, Burt, Tim P. & Rose, Rob (2022). Constraining the Carbon Budget of Peat Ecosystems: Application of Stoichiometry and Enthalpy Balances. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences 127(10).
• Whelan, M.J., Linstead, C., Worrall, F., Ormerod, S.J., Durance, I., Johnson, A.C., Johnson, D., Owen, M., Wiik, E., Howden, N.J.K., Burt, T.P., Boxall, A., Brown, C.D., Oliver, D.M. & Tickner, D. (2022). Is water quality in British rivers “better than at any time since the end of the Industrial Revolution”? Science of The Total Environment 843: 157014.
• Evans, Martin G., Alderson, Danielle M., Evans, Chris D., Stimson, Andrew, Allott, Timothy E. H., Goulsbra, Claire, Worrall, Fred, Crouch, Tia, Walker, Jonathan, Garnett, Mark H. & Rowson, James (2022). Carbon Loss Pathways in Degraded Peatlands: New Insights From Radiocarbon Measurements of Peatland Waters. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences 127(7).
• Worrall, Fred, Davies, Richard J. & Hart, Alwyn (2021). Dynamic baselines for the detection of water quality impacts – the case of shale gas development. Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 23(8): 1116-1129.
• Ascott, Matthew J., Gooddy, Daren C., Fenton, Owen, Vero, Sara, Ward, Rob S., Basu, Nandita B., Worrall, Fred, Van Meter, Kimberly & Surridge, Ben W.J. (2021). The need to integrate legacy nitrogen storage dynamics and time lags into policy and practice. Science of The Total Environment 781: 146698.
• Burt, T.P., Worrall, F., Howden, N.J.K., Jarvie, H.P., Pratt, A. & Hutchinson, T.H. (2021). A 50‐Year Record Of Nitrate Concentrations In The Slapton Ley Catchment, Devon, United Kingdom. Hydrological Processes 35(1): e13955.
• Worrall, Fred, Burt, Tim P., Hancock, Gregory R., Howden, Nicholas J.K. & Wainwright, John (2020). The problem of underpowered rivers. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 45(15): 3869-3878.
• Worrall, Fred, Boothroyd, Ian M., Howden, Nicholas J. K., Burt, Tim P., Kohler, Tim & Gregg, Ruth (2020). Are peatlands cool humid islands in a landscape? Hydrological Processes 34(25): 5013-5025.
• Wilson, Miles. P., Worrall, Fred., Clancy, Sarah. A., Ottley, Christopher. J., Hart, Alwyn. & Davies, Richard. J. (2020). Compartmentalisation and groundwater‐surface water interactions in a prospective shale gas basin: Assessment using variance analysis and multivariate statistics on water quality data. Hydrological Processes 34(15): 3271-3294.
• Fan, Xiangwen, Worrall, Fred, Baldini, Lisa M. & Burt, Tim P. (2020). A spatial total nitrogen budget for Great Britain. Science of The Total Environment 728: 138864.
• Wilson, M.P., Worrall, F., Davies, R.J. & Hart, A. (2020). A dynamic baseline for dissolved methane in English groundwater. Science of The Total Environment 711: 134854.
• Safi, E., Telling, J., Parnell, J., Chojnacki, M., Patel, M. R., Realff, J., Blamey, N. J. F., Payler, S., Cockell, C. S., Davies, L., Boothroyd, I. M., Worrall, F. & Wadham, J. L. (2019). Aeolian abrasion of rocks as a mechanism to produce methane in the Martian atmosphere. Scientific Reports 9(1): 8229.
• Worrall, Fred, Boothroyd, Ian M., Gardner, Rosie L., Howden, Nicholas J.K., Burt, Tim P., Smith, Richard, Mitchell, Lucy, Kohler, Tim & Gregg, Ruth (2019). The impact of peatland restoration on local climate – restoration of a cool humid island. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences 124(6): 1696-1713.
• Worrall, Fred, Wade, Andrew J., Davies, Richard J. & Hart, Alwyn (2019). Setting the baseline for shale gas – establishing effective sentinels for water quality impacts of unconventional hydrocarbon development. Journal of Hydrology 571: 516-527.
• Noacco, Valentina, Duffy, Christopher J., Wagener, Thorsten, Worrall, Fred, Fasiolo, Matteo & Howden, Nicholas J.K. (2019). Drivers of inter- and intra-annual variability of dissolved organic carbon concentration in the River Thames between 1884 and 2013. Hydrological Processes 33(6): 994-1012.
• Peacock, M., Gauci, V., Baird, A.J., Burden, A., Chapman, P.J., Cumming, A., Evans, J.G., Grayson, R.P., Holden, J., Kaduk, J., Morrison, R., Page, S., Pan, G., Ridley, L.M., Williamson, J., Worrall, F. & Evans, C.D. (2019). The full carbon balance of a rewetted cropland fen and a conservation-managed fen. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 269: 1-12.
• Worrall, Fred, Howden, Nicholas J.K., Burt, Tim P. & Bartlett, Rebecca (2019). The importance of sewage effluent discharge in the export of dissolved organic carbon from United Kingdom rivers. Hydrological Processes 33(13): 1851-1864.
• Worrall, Fred, Moody, Catherine S., Clay, Gareth D., Burt, Tim P., Kettridge, Nicholas & Rose, Rob (2018). Thermodynamic control of the carbon budget of a peatland. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences 123(6): 1863-1878.
• Moody, Catherine S., Worrall, Fred, Clay, Gareth D., Burt, Tim P., Apperley, David C. & Rose, Rob (2018). A Molecular Budget for a Peatland Based Upon 13C Solid‐State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences 123(2): 547-560.
• Civan, Aylin, Worrall, Fred, Jarvie, Helen P., Howden, Nicholas J.K. & Burt, Tim P. (2018). Forty-year trends in the flux and concentration of phosphorus in British rivers. Journal of Hydrology 558: 314-327.
• Clancy, S.A., Worrall, F., Davies, R.J. & Gluyas, J.G. (2018). An assessment of the footprint and carrying capacity of oil and gas well sites: The implications for limiting hydrocarbon reserves. Science of The Total Environment 618: 586-594.
• Worrall, Fred, Burt, Tim P., Howden, Nicholas J.K., Hancock, Gregory R. & Wainwright, John (2018). The fate of suspended sediment and particulate organic carbon in transit through the channels of a river catchment. Hydrological Processes 32(1): 146-159.
• Worrall, Fred, Howden, Nicholas J.K., Burt, Tim P. & Bartlett, Rebecca (2018). Declines in the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration and flux from the UK. Journal of Hydrology 556: 775-789.
• Worrall, Fred, Moody, Catherine S., Clay, Gareth D., Burt, Tim P. & Rose, Rob (2017). The flux of organic matter through a peatland ecosystem: The role of cellulose, lignin, and their control of the ecosystem oxidation state. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences 122(7): 1655-1671.
• Moody, C. S. & Worrall, F. (2017). Modeling rates of DOC degradation using DOM composition and hydroclimatic variables. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences 122(5): 1175-1191.
• Noacco, Valentina, Wagener, Thorsten, Worrall, Fred, Burt, Tim P. & Howden, Nicholas J. K. (2017). Human impact on long-term organic carbon export to rivers. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences 122(4): 947-965.
• Boothroyd, I. M., Almond, S., Worrall, F. & Davies, R. J. (2017). Assessing the fugitive emission of CH4 via migration along fault zones – Comparing potential shale gas basins to non-shale basins in the UK. Science of the Total Environment 580: 412-424.
• Finlay, N.C., Johnson, K. & Worrall, F. (2016). The role of water treatment abstraction in the flux and greenhouse gas emissions from organic carbon and nitrogen within UK rivers. Water Resources Research 52(10): 8190-8201.
• Worrall, F., Jarvie,H.P., Howden, N.J.K. & Burt, T.P. (2016). The fluvial flux of total reactive and total phosphorus from the UK in the context of a national phosphorus budget: comparing UK river fluxes with phosphorus trade imports and exports. Biogeochemistry 130(1-2): 31-51.
• Worrall, F., Burt, T.P., Howden, N.J.K. & Whelan, M.J. (2016). The UK’s total nitrogen budget from 1990 to 2020: a transition from source to sink? Biogeochemistry 129(3): 325-340.
• Worrall, F., Moody, C.S., Clay, G.D., Burt, T.P. & Rose, R. (2016). The total phosphorus budget of a peat-covered catchment. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences 121(7): 1814-1828.
• Burt, T.P., Howden, N.J.K. & Worrall, F. (2016). The changing water cycle: hydroclimatic extremes in the British Isles. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Water 3(6): 854-870.
• Powers, S.M., Bruulsema, T.W., Burt, T.P., Chan, N.I., Elser, J.J., Haygarth, P.M., Howden, N.J.K., Jarvie, H.P., Lyu, Y., Peterson, H.M., Sharpley, A.N., Shen, J., Worrall, F. & Zhang, F. (2016). Long-term accumulation and transport of anthropogenic phosphorus in three river basins. Nature Geoscience 9(5): 353-356.
• Boothroyd, I. M., Almond, S., Qassim, S. M., Worrall, F. & Davies, R. J. (2016). Fugitive emissions of methane from abandoned, decommissioned oil and gas wells. Science of The Total Environment 547: 461-469.
• Worrall, F., Clay, G.D., Moody, C.S., Burt, T.P. & Rose, R. (2016). The effective oxidation state of a peatland. Journal of Geophysical Research - Biogeosciences 121(1): 145-158.
• Moody, C.S., Worrall, F. & Burt, T.P. (2016). Identifying DOC gains and losses during a 20-year record in the Trout Beck catchment, Moor House, UK. Ecological Indicators 68: 102-114.
• Worrall, F., Clay, G.D. & Macdonald, A. (2016). The impact of fertilizer management on the oxidation status of terrestrial organic matter. Soil Use and Management 32(1): 45-52.
• Palmer, S.M., Evans, C.D., Chapman, P.J., Burden, A., Jones, T.G., Allott, T.E.H., Evans, M.G., Moody, C.S., Worrall, F. & Holden, J. (2016). Sporadic hotspots for physico-chemical retention of aquatic organic carbon: from peatland headwater source to sea. Aquatic Sciences 78(3): 491-504.
• Worrall, F., Burt, T.P. & Howden, N.J.K. (2016). The fluvial flux of particulate organic matter from the UK: the emission factor of soil erosion. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 41(1): 61-71.
• Moody, C.S. & Worrall, F. (2016). Sub-daily rates of degradation of fluvial carbon from a peat headwater stream. Aquatic Sciences 78(3): 419-431.
• Worrall, F., Burt, T.P. & Howden, N.J.K. (2015). The problem of self-correlation in fluvial flux data - the case of nitrate flux from UK rivers. Journal of Hydrology 530: 328-335.
• Johnson, K.L., Purvis, G., Lopez-Capel, E., Peacock, C.L., Gray, N.D., Wagner, T., März, C., Bowen, L., Ojeda, J., Finlay, N.C., Robertson, S.R., Worrall, F. & Greenwell, C. (2015). Towards a Mechanistic Understanding of Carbon Stabilization in Manganese Oxides. Nature Communications 6: 7628.
• Barraclough, D., Smith, P., Worrall, F., Black, H. & Bhogal, A. (2015). Is there an impact of climate change on soil carbon contents in England and Wales? European Journal of Soil Science 66(3): 451-462.
• Worrall, F., Howden, N.J.K. & Burt, T.P. (2015). Evidence for nitrogen accumulation: the total nitrogen budget of the terrestrial biosphere of a lowland agricultural catchment. Biogeochemistry 123(3): 411-428.
• Worrall, F., Howden, N.J.K. & Burt, T.P. (2015). Understanding the diurnal cycle in fluvial dissolved organic carbon – The interplay of in-stream residence time, day length and organic matter turnover. Journal of Hydrology 523: 830-838.
• Burt, T.P., Worrall, F., Howden, N.J.K. & Anderson, M.G. (2015). Shifts in discharge-concentration relationships as a small catchment recover from severe drought. Hydrological Processes 29(4): 498-507.
• Boothroyd, I. M., Worrall, F. & Allott, T. E. H. (2015). Variations in dissolved organic carbon concentrations across peatland hillslopes. Journal of Hydrology 530: 372-383.
• Worrall, F., Howden, N.J.K. & Burt, T.P. (2015). Time series analysis of the world’s longest fluvial nitrate record: evidence for changing states of catchment saturation. Hydrological Processes 29(3): 434-444.
• Dixon, S.D., Worrall, F., Rowson, J.G. & Evans, M.G. (2015). Calluna vulgaris canopy height and blanket peat CO2 flux: Implications for management. Ecological Engineering 75: 497-505.
• Clay, G.D. & Worrall, F. (2015). Oxidative ratio (OR) of Southern African soils and vegetation: Updating the global OR estimate. CATENA 126: 126-133.
• Clay, G.D. & Worrall, F. (2015). Carbon stocks and carbon fluxes from a 10-year prescribed burning chronosequence on a UK blanket peat. Soil Use and Management 31(1): 39-51.
• Worrall, F., Burt, T.P., Clay, G.D. & Moody, C.S. (2015). A 19-year long energy budget of an upland peat bog, northern England. Journal of Hydrology 520: 17-29.
• Clay, G.D. & Worrall, F. (2015). Estimating the oxidative ratio of UK peats and agricultural soils. Soil Use and Management 31(1): 77-88.
• Haygarth, PM, Jarvie, HP, Powers, SM, Sharpley, AN, Elser, JJ, Shen, JB, Peterson, HM, Chan, NI, Howden, NJK, Burt, TP, Worrall, F, Zhang, FS & Liu, XJ (2014). Sustainable Phosphorus Management and the Need for a Long-Term Perspective: The Legacy Hypothesis. Environmental Science & Technology 48(15): 8417-8419.
• Almond, S., Clancy, S.A., Davies, R.J. & Worrall, F. (2014). The flux of radionuclides in flowback fluid from shale gas exploitation. Environmental Science & Pollution Research 21(21): 12316-12324.
• Moosdorf, N., Weiss, A., Müller, F., Lauerwald, R., Hartmann, J. & Worrall, F. (2014). Salt marshes in the silica budget of the North Sea. Continental Shelf Research 82: 31-36.
• Worrall, F. & Clay, G.D. (2014). Potential use of heather, Calluna vulgaris, as a bioenergy crop. Biomass and Bioenergy 64: 140-151.
• Rawlins, B.G., Palumbo-Roe, B., Gooddy, D.C., Worrall, F. & Smith, H. (2014). A model of potential carbon dioxide efflux from surface water across England and Wales using headwater stream survey data and landscape predictors. Biogeosciences 11(7): 1911-1925.
• Davies, R.J., Almond, S., Ward, R., Jackson, R.B., Adams, C., Worrall, F., Herringshaw, L.G., Gluyas, J.G. & Whitehead, M.A. (2014). Oil and gas wells and their integrity: Implications for shale and unconventional resource exploitation. Marine and Petroleum Geology 56: 239-254.
• Worrall, F., Howden, N.J.K. & Burt, T.P. (2014). A method of estimating in-stream residence time of water in rivers. Journal of Hydrology 512: 274-284.
• Worrall, F. & Moody, C.S. (2014). Modeling the rate of turnover of DOC and particulate organic carbon in a UK, peat-hosted stream: Including diurnal cycling in short-residence time systems. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences 119(10): 1934-1946.
• Qassim, S.M., Dixon, S.D., Rowson, J.G., Worrall, F., Evans, M.G. & Bonn, A. (2014). A 5-year study of the impact of peatland revegetation upon DOC concentrations. Journal of Hydrology 519(Part D): 3578-3590.
• Worrall, F., Burt, T.P., Howden, N.J.K. & Hancock, G.R. (2014). Variation in suspended sediment yield across the UK – A failure of the concept and interpretation of the sediment delivery ratio. Journal of Hydrology 519(Part B): 1985-1996.
• Dixon, S., Qassim, S., Rowson, J., Worrall, F., Evans, M., Boothroyd, I. & Bonn, A. (2014). Restoration effects on water table depths and CO2 fluxes from climatically marginal blanket bog. Biogeochemistry 118(1-3): 159-176.
• Worrall, F., Burt, T.P. & Howden, N.J.K. (2014). The fluvial flux of particulate organic matter from the UK: Quantifying in-stream losses and carbon sinks. Journal of Hydrology 519(Part A): 611-625.
• Krause, S., Freer, J., Hannah, D.M., Howden, N.J.K., Wagener, T. & Worrall, F. (2014). Catchment similarity concepts for understanding dynamic biogeochemical behaviour of river basins. Hydrological Processes 28(3): 1554-1560.
• Worrall, F., Howden, N.J.K. & Burt, T.P. (2013). Assessment of sample frequency bias and precision in fluvial flux calculations – an improved low bias estimation method. Journal of Hydrology 503: 101-110.
• Worrall, F., Clay, G.D. Masiello, C. & Mynheer, G. (2013). Estimating the oxidative ratio of the global terrestrial biosphere carbon. Biogeochemistry 115(1-3): 23-32.
• Worrall, F., Burt, T.P. & Howden, N.J.K. (2013). The flux of suspended sediment from the UK 1974 to 2010. Journal of Hydrology 504: 29-39.
• Moody, C.S., Worrall, F., Evans, C.D. & Jones, T. (2013). The rate of loss of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) through a catchment. Journal of Hydrology 492: 139-150.
• Worrall, F. Rowson, J. & Dixon, S. (2013). Effects of managed burning in comparison with vegetation cutting on dissolved organic carbon concentrations in peat soils. Hydrological Processes 27(26): 3994-4003.
• Worrall, F.,, Clay, G.D.,, Burt, T.P., & Rose, R., (2012). The multi-annual nitrogen budget of a peat-covered catchment – changing from sink to source? Science of the Total Environment 433: 176-188.
• Worrall, F, Burt, T.P., Howden, N.J.K & Whelan, M.J. (2012). The fluvial flux of nitrate from the UK terrestrial biosphere – An estimate of national-scale in-stream nitrate loss using an export coefficient model. Journal of Hydrology 414-415: 31-39.
• Bell, M. J. Worrall, F., Smith, Pete, Bhogal, Anne, Black, Helaina, Lilly, Allan, Barraclough, Declan & Merrington, Graham (2011). UK land-use change and its impact on SOC: 1925–2007. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 25: GB4015.
• Fitton, N., Ejerenwa, C. P., Bhogal, A., Edgington, P., Black, H., Lilly, A., Barraclough, D., Worrall, F., Hillier, J. & Smith, P. (2011). Greenhouse gas mitigation potential of agricultural land in Great Britain. Soil Use and Management 27(4): 491-501.
• Worrall, F., Rowson, J. G., Evans, M. G., Pawson, R., Daniels, S. & Bonn, A. (2011). Carbon fluxes from eroding peatlands – the carbon benefit of revegetation following wildfire. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 36(11): 1487-1498.
• Burt, T.P., Howden, N.J.K, Worrall, F & Whelan, M.J. (2011). Nitrate in United Kingdom Rivers: Policy and Its Outcomes Since 1970. Environmental Science and Technology 45(1): 175-181.
• Howden, N.J.K., Burt, T.P., Mathias, S.A., Worrall, F. & Whelan, M.J. (2011). Modelling long-term diffuse nitrate pollution at the catchment-scale: Data, parameter and epistemic uncertainty. Journal of Hydrology 403(3-4): 337-351.
• Clay, G.D. & Worrall, F (2011). Charcoal production in a UK moorland wildfire - How important is it? Journal of Environmental Management 92(3): 676-682.
• Burt, T.P., Howden, N.J.K, Worrall, F & McDonnell, J.J. (2011). On the value of long-term, low-frequency water quality sampling: avoiding throwing the baby out with the bathwater. Hydrological Processes 25(5): 828-830.
• Howden, N.J.K., Burt, T.P., Worrall, F & Whelan, M.J. (2011). Monitoring fluvial water chemistry for trend detection: hydrological variability masks trends in datasets covering fewer than 12 years. Journal of Environmental Monitoring 13(3): 514-521.
• Bell, M.J. & Worrall, F. (2011). Charcoal addition to soils in NE England: A carbon sink with environmental co-benefits? Science of the Total Environment 409(9): 1704-1714.
• Clay, G.D., Worrall, F. & Rose, R. (2010). Carbon budgets of an upland blanket bog managed by prescribed fire. Journal of Geophysical Research - Biogeosciences 115(G4): G04037.
• Rowson, J.G., Gibson, H.S., Worrall, F, Ostle, N, Burt, T.P. & Adamson, J.K. (2010). The complete carbon budget of a drained peat catchment. Soil Use and Management 26(3): 261-273.
• Clay, G.D., Worrall, F. & Fraser, E.D.G. (2010). Compositional changes in soil water and runoff water following managed burning on a UK upland blanket bog. Journal of Hydrology 380(1-2): 135-145.
• Worrall, F & Burt, T.P. (2010). Has the composition of fluvial DOC changed? Spatiotemporal patterns in the DOC-color relationship. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 24: Art No. GB1010.
• Clark, J.M., Billett, M.F., Coyle, M, Croft, S, Daniels, S, Evans, C.D., Evans, M, Freeman, C, Gallego-Sala, A.V., Heinemeyer, A, House, J.I., Montieht, D.T., Nayak, D, Orr, H.G., Prentice, I.C., Rose, R, Roswon, J, Smith, J.U., Smith, P, Tun, Y.M., Vanguelova, E, Wetterhall, F & Worrall, F (2010). Model inter-comparison between statistical and dynamic model assessments of the long-term stability of blanket peat in Great Britain (1940-2099). Climate Research 45(1): 227-U281.
• Billett, M.F., Charman, D.J., Clark, J.M., Evans, C.D., Evans, M.G., Ostle, N.J., Worrall, F, Burden, A, Dinsmore, K.J., Jones, T., McNamara, N.P., Parry, L, Rowson, J.G. & Rose, R (2010). Carbon balance of UK peatlands: current state of knowledge and future research challenges. Climate Research 45(1): 13-29.
• Howden, N.J.K, Burt, T.P., Worrall, F., Whelan, M.J. & Bieroza, M. (2010). Nitrate concentrations and fluxes in the River Thames over 140 years (1868-2008): are increases irreversible? Hydrological Processes 24(18): 2657-2662.
• Burt, T.P., Howden, N.J.K., Worrall, F & Whelan, M.J. (2010). Long-term monitoring of river water nitrate: how much data do we need? Journal of Environmental Monitoring 12(1): 71-79.
• Worrall, F., Bell, M.J. & Bhogal, A. (2010). Assessing the probability of carbon and greenhouse gas benefit from the management of peat soils. Science of the Total Environment 408(13): 2657-2666.
• Smith, P, Bhogal, A, Edgington, P, Black, H, Lilly, A, Barraclough, D, Worrall, F, Hillier, J & Merrington, G (2010). Consequences of feasible future agricultural land-use change on soil organic carbon stocks and greenhouse gas emissions in Great Britain. Soil Use and Management 26(4): 381-398.
• Shepherd, T.J., Chenery, S.R.N., Pashley, V, Lord, R.A., Ander, L.E., Breward, N, Hobbs, S.F., Horstwood, M, Klinck, B.A. & Worrall, F (2009). Regional lead isotope study of a polluted river catchment: River Wear, Northern England, UK. Science of the Total Environment 407(17): 4882-4893.
• Worrall, F, Burt, T.P., Rowson, J.G., Warburton, J & Adamson, J.K. (2009). The multi-annual carbon budget of a peat-covered catchment. Science of the Total Environment 407(13): 4084-4094.
• Clay, G.D., Worrall, F. & Fraser, E.D.G (2009). Effects of managed burning upon dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in soil water and runoff water following a managed burn of a UK blanket bog. Journal of Hydrology 367(1-2): 41-51.
• Burt, T.P. & Worrall, F (2009). Stream nitrate levels in a small catchment in south west England over a period of 35 years (1970-2005). Hydrological Processes 23(14): 2056-2068.
• Clay, G.D., Worrall, F, Clark, E & Fraser, E.D.G. (2009). Hydrological responses to managed burning and grazing in an upland blanket bog. Journal of Hydrology 376(3-4): 486-495.
• Worrall, F, Burt, T.P., Howden, N.J.K & Whelan, M.J. (2009). Fluvial flux of nitrogen from Great Britain 1974-2005 in the context of the terrestrial nitrogen budget of Great Britain. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 23: GB3017.
• Gibson, H.S., Worrall, F, Burt, T.P. & Adamson, J.K. (2009). DOC budgets of drained peat catchments: implications for DOC production in peat soils. Hydrological Processes 23(13): 1901-1911.
• Bell, M.J. & Worrall, F. (2009). Estimating a region's soil organic carbon baseline: The undervalued role of land-management. Geoderma 152(1-2): 74-84.
• Worrall, F, Spencer, E & Burt, T.P. (2009). The effectiveness of nitrate vulnerable zones for limiting surface water nitrate concentrations. Journal of Hydrology 370(1-4): 21-28.
• Worrall, F & Burt, T.P. (2009). Changes in DOC treatability: Indications of compositional changes in DOC trends. Journal of Hydrology 366(1-4): 1-8.
• Worrall, F, Evans, M.G., Bonn, A, Reed, M.S., Chapman, D & Holden, J (2009). Can carbon offsetting pay for upland ecological restoration? Science of the Total Environment 408(1): 26-36.
• Worrall, F & Burt, T.P. (2008). The effect of severe drought on the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration and flux from British rivers. Journal of Hydrology 361(3-4): 262-274.
• Worrall, F., Burt, T.P. & Adamson, J (2008). Long-term records of dissolved organic carbon flux from peat-covered catchments: evidence for a drought effect? Hydrological Processes 22(16): 3181-3193.
• Burt, T.P., Howden, N.J.K., Worrall, F. & Whelan, M.J. (2008). Importance of long-term monitoring for detecting environmental change: lessons from a lowland river in south east England. Biogeosciences 5(6): 1529-1535.
• Worrall, F, Burt, T.P. & Adamson, J.K. (2008). Linking pulses of atmospheric deposition to DOC release in an upland peat-covered catchment. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 22(4): Art. No. GB4014.
• Worrall, F & Adamson, J.K. (2008). The effect of burning and sheep grazing on soil water composition in a blanket bog: evidence for soil structural changes? Hydrological Processes 22(14): 2531-2541.
• Worrall, F, Gibson, H.S. & Burt, T.P. (2008). Production vs. solubility in controlling runoff of DOC from peat soils - The use of an event analysis. Journal of Hydrology 358(1-2): 84-95.
• Kannan N, White SM, Worrall F & Whelan MJ (2007). Sensitivity analysis and identification of the best evapotranspiration and runoff options for hydrological modelling in SWAT-2000. Journal of Hydrology 332: 456-466.
• Johnson CD & Worrall F (2007). Novel Low Density Granular Adsorbents - Properties of a Composite Matrix from Zeolitisation of Vermiculite. Chemosphere 68: 1153-1162.
• Johnson CD & Worrall F (2007). Zeolitisation of Pumice – Microporous Materials on Macroporous Support Structures Derived From Natural Materials. Journal of Materials Chemistry 17: 476-484.
• Kannan N, White SM, Worrall F & Whelan MJ (2007). Hydrological modelling of a small catchment using SWAT-2000 – Ensuring correct flow partitioning for contaminant modeling. Journal of Hydrology 334: 64-72.
• Holden J, Shotbolt L, Chapman PJ, Dougill AJ, Hubacek K, Kirkby MJ, Reed MS, Turner AGD & Worrall F (2007). Changing environmental conditions in UK moorlands: a review. Earth Science Reviews 82: 75-100.
• Johnson CD, Mallon AJ & Worrall F (2007). Adhered zeolite preparation on and within a muscovite mica by hydrothermal growth. Clays and Clay Minerals 54(6): 678-688.
• Johnson CD & Worrall F (2007). Zeolite film preparation on and within a muscovite mica by hydrothermal growth, and the potential application of the matrix to metal remediation. Water Research 41: 2229-2235.
• Worrall, F., Burt, T.P. & Adamson, J.K. (2007). Change in runoff initiation probability over a severe drought in a peat soil – Implications for flowpaths. Journal of Hydrology 345(1-2): 16-26.
• Worrall, F, Armstrong A & Holden J (2007). Short term impact of peat drain blocking on water colour, dissolved organic carbon concentration and water table depth. Journal of Hydrology 337(2-4): 315-325.
• Worrall, F. & Burt, T.P. (2007). Flux of dissolved organic carbon from U.K. rivers. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 21(1): GB1013.
• Worrall F, Armstrong A & Adamson JK (2007). The effect of burning and sheepgrazing on water table depth and soil water quality in a blanket bog. Journal of Hydrology 339: 1-14.
• Worrall F, Gibson HS & Burt TP (2007). Modelling the impact of drainage and drain-blocking on dissolved organic carbon release from peatlands. Journal of Hydrology 338(1-2): 15-27.
• Worrall, F & Burt, T.P. (2007). Trends in DOC concentration in Great Britain. Journal of Hydrology 346(1-2): 81-92.
• Worrall, F, Burt, T., Adamson, J, Reed, M, Warburton, J, Armstrong, A & Evans, M (2007). Predicting the future carbon budget of an upland peat catchment. Climatic Change 85(1-2): 139-158.
• Burt, T. & Worrall, F. (2007). Non-stationarity in long time series: some curious reversals in the "memory" effect. Hydrological Processes 21: 3529-3531.
• Worrall, F, Burt, T.P & Adamson, J (2006). Trends in drought frequency – the fate of Northern Peatlands. Climatic Change 76(3-4): 339-359.
• Kannan N, White SM, Worrall F & et al. (2006). Pesticide modelling for a small catchment using SWAT-2000. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C 41(7): 1049-1070.
• Worrall, F, Burt, T.P & Adamson, J (2006). Long-term changes in hydrological pathways in an upland peat catchment – recovery from severe drought? Journal of Hydrology 321: 5-20.
• Worrall, F, Burt, T.P & Adamson., J (2006). The rate of and controls upon DOC loss in a peat catchment. Journal of Hydrology 321: 311-325.
• Worrall, F, Burt, T.P & Adamson J (2006). Do nitrogen inputs stimulate dissolved organic carbon production in upland peat bogs? Global Biogeochemical Cycles 20(3): GB3013.
• Worrall, F, Swank,W.T & Burt, T.P (2005). Fluxes of inorganic carbon from forested catchments. Hydrological Processes 19: 3021-3035.
• Worrall, F & Besien, T (2005). The vulnerability of groundwater to pesticide contamination as measured directly from borehole observations. Journal of Hydrology 303: 95-107.
• Lamping, J, Worrall, F, Morgan, H & Taylor S. (2005). The effectiveness of Aeration and mixing in the remediation of a de-oxygenated water body. Environmental Science and Technology
• Worrall, F & Lancaster, A (2005). The release of CO2 from riverwaters – the contribution of excess CO2 from groundwater. Biogeochemistry 76: 299-317.
• Worrall, F, Burt, T.P & Adamson, J. (2005). Fluxes of dissolved carbon dioxide and inorganic carbon from an upland peat catchment: implications for soil respiration. Biogeochemistry 73(3): 515-539.
• Worrall, F & Kolpin, D.W. (2005). Aquifer vulnerability to pesticide pollution – combining soil, land-use and aquifer properties with molecular descriptors. Journal of Hydrology 293: 191-204.
• Worrall, F. & Burt, T.P. (2005). Reconstructing long-term records of dissolved CO2. Hydrological Processes 19: 1791-1806.
• Worrall, F & Burt, T.P (2005). Predicting the future DOC flux form upland peat catchments. Journal of Hydrology 300: 126-139.
• Worrall, F & Burt, T.P. (2004). Time series analysis of long-term river dissolved organic carbon records. Hydrological processes 18(5): 893-911.
• Johnson, C.D. & Worrall, F. (2004). Chemical pore closure of zeolite A using tetraethyl orthosilicate; A potential method for enhancing the use of zeolites as part of a long-term waste immobilization strategy. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 73(3): 191-196.
• Worrall, F, Burt, T.P & Adamson, J (2004). Can climate change explain increases in DOC flux from upland peat catchments? Science of the Total Environment 326: 95-112.
• Worrall, F, Harriman, R, Evans, C.D., Watts, C, Adamson, J, Neal, C, Tipping, E, Burt, T.P, Grieve, I, Montieth, D, Naden, P.S, Nisbet, T, Reynolds, B & Stevens, P (2004). Trends in dissolved organic carbon in UK rivers and lakes. Biogeochemistry 70(3): 369-402.
• Johnson, C.D & Worrall, F (2004). The impact of surface coatings on the potential use of zeolites in waste immobilization. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 73: 191-196.
• Worrall, F & Thomsen, M (2004). A quantum vs. topological descriptors in the development of molecular models of groundwater pollution by pesticides. Chemosphere 54(4): 585-596.
• Johnson, C.D, Feldmann, J, Macphee, D.E, Worrall, F & Skakle., J.M.S (2004). Synthesis and proposed crystal structure of a disordered cadmium arsenate apatite Cd₅(AsO₄)₃Cl_1-2x-yO_xVac_xOH_y. Dalton Transactions 21: 3611-3616.
• Worrall, F, Burt, T.P & Shedden, R (2003). Long terms records of riverine carbon flux. Biogeochemistry 64: 165-178.
• Worrall, F, Swank, W.T. & Burt, T.P. (2003). Changes in nitrate export due to ecological succession, land management and climate: developing a systems approach to integrated catchment response. Hydrological Processes 39: 1-14.
• Worrall, F, Burt, T.P & Adamson, J. (2003). Controls on the chemistry of runoff from an upland peat catchment. Hydrological Processes 17: 2063-2083.
• Worrall, F & Kolpin, D.W (2003). Direct assessment of groundwater vulnerability from single observations of multiple contaminant. Water Resources Research 39(12): 1345.
• Worrall, F., Reed, M., Warburton, J. & Burt, T. (2003). Carbon budget for a British upland peat catchment. The Science of the Total Environment 312(1-3): 133-146.
• Heppell, K, Worrall, F, Burt, T.P & Williams, R.J (2002). Styles of macropore flow: implications for pollutant transport. Hydrological Processes 16: 27-46.
• Worrall, F, Besien, T & Kolpin, D.W (2002). Groundwater vulnerability: interactions of chemical and catchment properties. Science of the Total Environment 299: 131-143.
• Worrall, F., Burt, T.P., Jaeban, R.Y., Warburton, J. & Shedden, R. (2002). Release of dissolved organic carbon from upland peat. Hydrological Processes 16(17): 3487-3504.
• Worrall, F. & Burt, T.P. (2001). Inter-annual controls on nitrate export from an agricultural catchment - How much land-use change is safe? Journal of Hydrology 243(3-4): 228-241.
• Worrall, F & Pearson, D.G (2001). The development of acidic groundwaters in coal-bearing strata: Part I. Rare earth element fingerprinting. Applied Geochemistry 16: 1465-1480.
• Worrall, F, Fernandez-Perez, M, Johnson, A.C & Gonzalez-Pradas, E (2001). Limitations on the role of incorporated organic matter in reducing pesticide leaching. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology 49,3-4: 241-262.
• Worrall, F (2001). A molecular topology approach to predicting pesticide pollution of groundwater. Environmental Science and Technology 34: 2282-2287.
• Worrall, F & Pearson, D.G (2001). The use of rare earth elements to fingerprint water-rock interactions in an acidic mine discharge. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 65: 3027-3040.
• Wright,J & Worrall, F (2001). The effects of river flow on water quality in estuarine impoundments. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth 26: 741-746.
• Worrall,F, D.Wooff, A.H.Seheult & F.Coolen (2000). New approaches to the assessment of environmental fate of pesticides. Journal of the Geological Society 157: 877-884.
• Worrall, F. & Burt, T.P. (1999). The impact of land-use change on water quality at the catchment scale: the use of export coefficient and structural models. Journal of Hydrology 221: 75-90.
• Worrall, F & T.P.Burt (1999). A univariate model of riverwater-nitrate time series. Journal of Hydrology 214: 74-90.
• Worrall F., Parker, A., Rae, J.E. & Johnson, A.C. (1999). A study of suspended and colloidal matter in the leachate from lysimeters and its role in pesticide transport. Journal of Environmental Quality 28: 595-604.
• Worrall, F & T.P.Burt (1998). Decomposition of river water nitrate time series - comparing the agricultural and urban signals. Science of the Total Environment 210/211: 153-162.
• Worrall, F, Wooff, D.A & P.Mcintyre (1998). A simple management model for estuarine water quality. Science of the Total Environment 219(1): 41-51.
• Worrall,F, D.Wooff, A.H.Seheult & F.Coolen (1998). A simple Bayesian approach to the interpretation of environmental fate and behaviour data for pesticide registration. Pesticide Science 54(2): 99-112.
• Worrall, F & P.McIntyre (1998). The Wansbeck barrage scheme: Britain's oldest amenity barrage. Water and Environmental ManagEment Journal 12(2): 144-149.
• Worrall,F, A.Parker, J.E.Rae & A.C.Johnson (1997). A study of adsorption kinetics of isoproturon on soil and subsoil: the role of dissolved organic carbon. Chemosphere 34: 87-97.
• Worrall,F, A.Parker, J.E.Rae & A.C.Johnson (1997). The occurrence and significance of earthworm burrows in relation to pesticide transport. Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry 61: 211-222.
• Johnson,A.C, F.Worrall, C.White & A.Walker (1997). The potential of incorporated organic matter to reduce pesticide leaching. Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry 58: 47-61.
• Worrall,F, A.Parker, J.E.Rae & A.C.Johnson (1997). A study of the adsorption kinetics of isoproturon on soil and subsoil. Chemosphere 34: 71-86.
• Worrall,F, A.Parker, J.E.Rae & A.C.Johnson (1996). Study of the equilibrium adsorption of isoproturon onto soils, subsoils and clay minerals. European Journal of Soil Science 47: 265-272.