Staff profile

Ruben studied history of the sciences and humanities at Utrecht University and wrote a MA thesis on the reception and dissemination of Chinese medicine in early modern Europe. He worked at the University Museum and Dutch Railway Museum before starting a PhD within the NWO Vidi project ‘Vital Matters’ at Groningen University. His PhD project ‘Blood, Sweat and Tears’ investigated how the chemistry of bodily fluids helped establish a new medical system in eighteenth-century Europe.

Since 2018 Ruben works as curator of the medical collections at Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam. Now he has joined the Institute for Medical Humanities, Durham University, to conduct his NWO Rubicon postdoc project (2019-2022) on deafness and hearing difference.

Research

The aim of my new research project ‘Deafness in Transition’ is to uncover cultural experiences and medical perceptions of deafness in early modern Europe. I focus on both social and medical perceptions of deafness, which includes both the profoundly deaf and those with hearing difficulty as the result of disease, accident, old age, or changing social and cultural requirements. This provides a new and more inclusive vintage-point to look at deaf history.

In conversation with deaf or hard-of-hearing people and audiologists today, the project seeks to present an eighteenth-century model of deafness as a helpful alternative to reconsider today’s challenge of inclusion. I will set up private-public partnerships to develop a permanent exhibition in the Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam. This critical space will be designed to stimulate reflection and push for discussion among patients, clinicians, and students.

• Bodily fluids
• Deafness and hearing
• History of science and medicine
• Material culture
• Medical humanities

Authored book

• Verwaal, R. E. (2020). Bodily Fluids, Chemistry and Medicine in the Eighteenth-Century Boerhaave School. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51541-6

Book review

• Verwaal, R. E. (in press). Per imperatief plakkaat: Overheid en pestbestrijding in de Republiek der zeven Verenigde Nederlanden. Tijdschrift voor Geschiedenis, 133(4), 748-750
• Verwaal, R. E. (online). Fluid Bodies and Bodily Fluids in Premodern Europe
• Verwaal, R. E. (2021). The Fabrica of Andreas Vesalius: A worldwide descriptive census, ownership, and annotations of the 1543 and 1555 editions. Centaurus, 63(4), https://doi.org/10.1111/1600-0498.12383
• Verwaal, R. E. (2016). Cradle of Chemistry: The Early Years of Chemistry at the University of Edinburgh. Isis: A Journal of the History of Science Society, 107(3), 634-635
• Verwaal, R. E. (2016). Uroscopy in Early Modern Europe. The Sixteenth century journal, 47(3), 699-700
• Verwaal, R. E. (2015). Het journaal van Joannes Veltkamp (1759-1764): Een scheepschirurgijn in dienst van de admiraliteit van Amsterdam; Commercial Visions: Science, Trade, and Visual Culture in the Dutch Golden Age. Tijdschrift voor Geschiedenis, 128(4), 665-667
• Verwaal, R. E. (2014). De machinemens: De machinemetafoor in de geneeskunde en in het denken over ziekte en gezondheid. Studium (Rotterdam. Print), 7(2), 113-114
• Verwaal, R. E. (2014). De geest van Boerhaave: Onderzoek in een kil klimaat. Studium (Rotterdam. Print), 7(2), 112-113

Chapter in book

• Verwaal, R. E. (in press). Disputing Santorio: Johannes de Gorter’s Neurological Theory of Insensible Perspiration. In J. Barry, & F. Bigotti (Eds.), Santorio Santori and the Emergence of Quantified Medicine, 1614-1790 (317-346). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79587-0_12
• Verwaal, R. E. (2020). Blood: From Humor to Hematology. In D. Jalobeanu, & C. T. Wolfe (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Early Modern Philosophy and the Sciences. Springer Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20791-9_271-1
• Verwaal, R. E. (2020). Increasing and Reducing: Breastmilk Flows and Female Health. In J. Kennaway, & R. Knoeff (Eds.), Lifestyle and Medicine in the Enlightenment (223-239). Routledge
• Verwaal, R. E. (2020). Een maquette op grote schaal: De campus van de Medische Faculteit Rotterdam. In A. Flipse, & A. Streefland (Eds.), De universitaire campus (83-98). Verloren
• Verwaal, R. E. (2017). Retention and Excretion. In R. Knoeff (Ed.), Gelukkig Gezond! Histories of Healthy Ageing (98-111). Barkhuis
• Verwaal, R. E. (2017). De traan. In E. van Gelder, E. Jorink, I. Nieuwland, M. Rijks, & A. Spruit (Eds.), 'Dingen die ergens toe dienen': Verhalen over materiële cultuur van wetenschap (16-19). Verloren
• Verwaal, R. E. (2012). 荷兰的针灸历史 (History of acupuncture in the Netherlands). In X. Bai (Ed.), 中国针灸交流通鉴 (158-171). Xi'an Jiaotong University Press

Journal Article

• Verwaal, R. E. (online). Een nieuwe blik op doofheid: Het project Deafness in Transition
• Verwaal, R. E. (2024). Rendering deafness visible. The Lancet, 403(10432), 1130-1131. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736%2824%2900250-2
• Verwaal, R. E. (2023). De schuchterheid voorbij: Ervaringen van hardhorendheid en hoortoeters. Jaarboek De Achttiende Eeuw, 55(2023), 119-136. https://doi.org/10.5117/dae2023.007.verw
• Groeneveld, W., & Verwaal, R. E. (2023). Doof, Blind, Kreupel, Krank: Inleiding. Jaarboek De Achttiende Eeuw, 55(2023), 55-63. https://doi.org/10.5117/dae2023.003.groe
• Verwaal, R. E. (2021). Fluid Deafness: Earwax and Hardness of Hearing in Early Modern Europe. Medical History, 65(4), 366-383. https://doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2021.29
• Hendriksen, M. M., & Verwaal, R. E. (2020). Boerhaave´s Furnace: Exploring Early Modern Chemistry through Working Models. Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte, 43(3), 385-411. https://doi.org/10.1002/bewi.202000005
• Verwaal, R. E. (2017). The Nature of Blood: Debating Haematology and Blood Chemistry in the Eighteenth-Century Dutch Republic. Early Science and Medicine, 22(4), 271-300. https://doi.org/10.1163/15733823-00224p01
• Verwaal, R. E., & de Raat, R. (2010). Verzameldrift: De anatomische collectie van professor Jan Bleuland. Geschiedenis der Geneeskunde, 14(3), 138-145