Staff profile

2005-present Department of Physics, University of Durham, UK
2002-2005 Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
1999-2002 Departamento de Astronomia y Astrofisica, Pontificia Universidad Catolica, Santiago, Chile
1998-1999 Department of Physics, University of Durham, UK

• Early-type galaxies
• Galaxy clusters
• Galaxy formation and evolution
• Gravitational lensing
• Multi-wavelength astronomy
• Stellar and dark-matter content of galaxies

Journal Article

• Haines, C., Busarello, G., Merluzzi, P., Smith, R., Raychaudhury, S., Mercurio, A., & Smith, G. ACCESS - III. The nature of star formation in the Shapley supercluster. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 412(1), https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17892.x
• Smith, R. J., Lucey, J., Schlegel, D., Hudson, M. J., Baggley, G., & Davies, R. L. Streaming motions of galaxy clusters within 12 000 km/s - II. New photometric data for the Fundamental Plane. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 327(1), https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.04734.x
• Hudson, M., Lucey, J., Smith, R., & Steel, J. Galaxy clusters in the Perseus-Pisces region -- II. The peculiar velocity field. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 291(3), https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/291.3.488
• Hammer, D., Hornschemeier, A., Salim, S., Smith, R., Jenkins, L., Mobasher, B., …Ferguson, H. Deep ultraviolet luminosity functions ar the infall region of the Coma Cluster. Astrophysical Journal, 745(2), https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/745/2/177
• Smith, R. J. Synthesis of Hα absorption in old stellar systems: formation of the cluster red sequence by ‘downsizing’. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 359(3), https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.08952.x
• Smith, R. J. X-ray emission properties of galaxies in Abell 3128. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 344(2), https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06963.x
• Edwards, L., Hudson, M., Balogh, M., & Smith, R. Line emission in the brightest cluster galaxies of the NOAO Fundamental Plane and Sloan Digital Sky Surveys. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 379(1), https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.11910.x
• Smith, R. J., Blakeslee, J. P., Lucey, J. R., & Tonry, J. Discovery of Strong Lensing by an Elliptical Galaxy at z=0.0345. Astrophysical Journal, 625(2), L103-L106. https://doi.org/10.1086/431240
• Haines, C., Merluzzi, P., Busarello, G., Dopita, M., Smith, G., La Barbera, F., …Smith, R. ACCESS - IV. The quenching of star formation in a cluster population of dusty S0s. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 417(4), https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19445.x
• Haines, C., Busarello, G., Merluzzi, P., Smith, R., Raychaudhury, S., Mercurio, A., & Smith, G. ACCESS - II. A complete census of star formation in the Shapley supercluster - UV and IR luminosity functions. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 412(1), https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17893.x
• Merluzzi, P., Busarello, G., Dopita, M., Haines, C., Steinhauser, D., Mercurio, A., …Schindler, S. ACCESS – V. Dissecting ram-pressure stripping through integral-field spectroscopy and multiband imaging. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 429(2), https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sts466
• Carter, D., Pass, S., Kennedy, J., Karick, A. M., & Smith, R. J. The spatial distribution and origin of the FUV excess in early-type galaxies. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 414(4), https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18643.x
• Haines, C., Smith, G., Egami, E., Ellis, R., Moran, S., Sanderson, A., …Smith, R. LOCUSS: The mid-infrared Butcher-Oemler effect. Astrophysical Journal, 704(1), https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/704/1/126
• Kuntschner, H., Smith, R. J., Colless, M., Davies, R. L., Kaldare, R., & Vazdekis, A. Early-type galaxies in low-density environments. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 337(1), https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-8711.2002.05897.x
• Smith, R., Lucey, J., Hudson, M., & Steel, J. Galaxy clusters in the Perseus-Pisces region -- I. Spectroscopic and photometric data for early-type galaxies. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 291(3), https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/291.3.461
• Miller, N. A., Hornschemeier, A. E., Mobasher, B., Bridges, T. J., Hudson, M. J., Marzke, R. O., & Smith, R. J. The radio luminosity function and galaxy evolution in the Coma Cluster. Astronomical Journal, 137(5), https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-6256/137/5/4450
• Price, J., Phillipps, S., Huxor, A., Trentham, N., Ferguson, H., Marzke, R., …Puzia, T. TheHST/ACS Coma Cluster Survey - V. Compact stellar systems in the Coma Cluster. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 397(4), https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15122.x
• Hammer, D., Hornschemeier, A., Mobasher, B., Miller, N., Smith, R., Arnouts, S., …Jenkins, L. Deep GALEX observations of the Coma Cluster: source catalog and galaxy counts. Astrophysical Journal Supplement, 190(1), https://doi.org/10.1088/0067-0049/190/1/43
• Turner, H. C., Smith, R. J., & Collett, T. E. (2024). Two-dimensional kinematics and dynamical modelling of the ‘Jackpot’ gravitational lens from deep MUSE observations. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 528(2), 3559-3575. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae263
• Nightingale, J., Smith, R. J., He, Q., O’Riordan, C. M., Kegerreis, J. A., Amvrosiadis, A., …Massey, R. J. (2023). Abell 1201: detection of an ultramassive black hole in a strong gravitational lens. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 521(3), 3298-3322. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad587
• Poci, A., & Smith, R. J. (2022). Comparing lensing and stellar orbital models of a nearby massive strong-lens galaxy. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 512(4), 5298-5310. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac776
• Smith, R. J. (2022). Probing cool giants in unresolved galaxies using fluctuation eigenspectra: A demonstration using high-resolution MUSE observations of NGC 5128. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 509(4), 5737-5746. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab3415
• Smith, R. J., & Collett, T. E. (2021). A fully-spectroscopic triple-source-plane lens: the Jackpot completed. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 505(2), 2136-2140. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab1399
• Collett, T. E., & Smith, R. J. (2020). A Triple Rollover: A third multiply-imaged source at z~6 behind the Jackpot gravitational lens. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 497(2), 1654-1660. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa1804
• Lucey, J. R., Smith, R. J., & Collier, W. P. (2020). MNELLS: The MUSE Nearby Early-Type Galaxy Lens Locator Survey. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 494(1), 271-292. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa602
• Smith, R. J. (2020). Discovering novae in early-type galaxies with MUSE: A chance find in NGC 1404, and 12 more candidates from an archival search. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, 494(1), L1-L5. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnrasl/slaa023
• Smith, R. J., Collier, W. P., Ozaki, S., & Lucey, J. R. (2020). Subaru FOCAS IFU observations of two z=0.12 strong-lensing elliptical galaxies from SDSS MaNGA. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, 493(1), L33-L38. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnrasl/slaa003
• Smith, R. J. (2020). Evidence for Initial Mass Function Variation in Massive Early-Type Galaxies. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 58, 577-615. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-astro-032620-020217
• Smith, R. J., Lucey, J. R., & Collier, W. P. (2018). "Upper-limit lensing": constraining galaxy stellar masses with singly imaged background sources. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 481(2), 2115-2124. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty2328
• Alton, P., Smith, R., & Lucey, J. (2018). KINETyS II: Constraints on spatial variations of the stellar initial mass function from K-band spectroscopy. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 478(4), 4464-4486. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty1242
• Collier, W. P., Smith, R. J., & Lucey, J. R. (2018). A new strong-lensing galaxy at z=0.066: Another elliptical galaxy with a lightweight IMF. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 478(2), 1595-1600. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty1188
• Lucey, J. R., Smith, R. J., Schechter, P. L., Bosh, A. S., & Levine, S. E. (2018). A New Quadruple-image Gravitational Lens in an Edge-on Disk Galaxy at z = 0.0956. Research Notes of the American Astronomical Society, 2(2), Article 62. https://doi.org/10.3847/2515-5172/aacea8
• Collett, T. E., Oldham, L. J., Smith, R. J., Auger, M. W., Westfall, K. B., Bacon, D., …van den Bosch, R. (2018). A precise extragalactic test of General Relativity. Science, 360(6395), 1342-1346. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aao2469
• Lucey, J. R., Schechter, P. L., Smith, R. J., & Anguita, T. (2018). Serendipitous discovery of quadruply imaged quasars: two diamonds. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 476(1), 927-932. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty243
• Smith, R. J., & Edge, A. C. (2017). An extended cold gas absorber in a central cluster galaxy. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, 471(1), L66-L70. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnrasl/slx107
• Smith, R. J., Lucey, J. R., & Edge, A. C. (2017). Stellar dynamics in the strong-lensing central galaxy of Abell 1201: a low stellar mass-to-light ratio, a large central compact mass and a standard dark matter halo. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 471(1), 383-393. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx1573
• Beifiori, A., Mendel, J. T., Chan, J. C., Saglia, R. P., Bender, R., Cappellari, M., …Wegner, M. (2017). The KMOS Cluster Survey (KCS). I. The Fundamental Plane and the Formation Ages of Cluster Galaxies at Redshift 1.4 < Z < 1.6. Astrophysical Journal, 846(2), Article 120. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa8368
• Collier, W. P., Smith, R. J., & Lucey, J. R. (2017). Improved mass constraints for two nearby strong-lensing elliptical galaxies from Hubble Space Telescope Imaging. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 473(1), 1103-1107. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx2297
• Newman, A., Smith, R., Conroy, C., Villaume, A., & van Dokkum, P. (2017). The Initial Mass Function in the Nearest Strong Lenses from SNELLS: Assessing the Consistency of Lensing, Dynamical, and Spectroscopic Constraints. Astrophysical Journal, 845(2), Article 157. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa816d
• Smith, R. J., Lucey, J. R., & Edge, A. C. (2017). A counter-image to the gravitational arc in Abell 1201: Evidence for IMF variations, or a 10^10 M⊙ black hole?. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 467(1), 836-848. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx059
• Alton, P. D., Smith, R. J., & Lucey, J. R. (2017). KINETyS: Constraining spatial variations of the stellar initial mass function in early-type galaxies. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 468(2), 1594-1615. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx464
• Smith, R. J. (2017). A strong-lensing elliptical galaxy in the MaNGA survey. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, 464(1), L46-L50. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnrasl/slw174
• Smith, R. J., Alton, P. D., Lucey, J. R., Conroy, C., & Carter, D. (2015). The IMF-sensitive 1.14-μm Na i doublet in early-type galaxies. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, 454(1), L71-L75. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnrasl/slv132
• Smith, R., Lucey, J., & Conroy, C. (2015). The SINFONI Nearby Elliptical Lens Locator Survey: discovery of two new low-redshift strong lenses and implications for the initial mass function in giant early-type galaxies. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 449(4), 3441-3457. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv518
• Smith, R. J. (2014). Variations in the initial mass function in early-type galaxies: a critical comparison between dynamical and spectroscopic results. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 443(1), L69-L73. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnrasl/slu082
• Hickinbottom, S., Simpson, C., James, P., Ibar, E., Carter, D., Boselli, A., …Valentijn, E. (2014). A surprising consistency between the far-infrared galaxy luminosity functions of the field and Coma. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 442(2), 1286-1293. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu924
• Taranu, D. S., Hudson, M. J., Balogh, M. L., Smith, R. J., Power, C., Oman, K. A., & Krane, B. (2014). Quenching star formation in cluster galaxies. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 440(3), 1934-1949. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu389
• Head, J., Lucey, J., Hudson, M., & Smith, R. (2014). Dissecting the red sequence: the bulge and disc colours of early-type galaxies in the Coma cluster. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 440(2), 1690-1711. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu325
• Lansbury, G., Lucey, J., & Smith, R. (2014). Barred S0 galaxies in the Coma cluster. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 439(2), 1749-1764. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu049
• Rawle, T. D., Lucey, J. R., Smith, R. J., & Head, J. (2013). S0 galaxies in the Coma cluster : environmental dependence of the S0 offset from the Tully-Fisher relation. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 433(3), 2667-2692. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stt947
• Smith, R., & Lucey, J. (2013). A giant elliptical galaxy with a lightweight initial mass function. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 434(3), 1964-1977. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stt1141
• Smith, R. J., Lucey, J. R., Price, J., Hudson, M. J., & Phillipps, S. (2012). Environmental quenching and hierarchical cluster assembly: evidence from spectroscopic ages of red-sequence galaxies in Coma. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 419(4), 3167-3180. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19956.x
• Smith, R. J., Lucey, J. R., & Carter, D. (2012). The stellar initial mass function in red-sequence galaxies: 1-μm spectroscopy of Coma cluster galaxies with Subaru/FMOS. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 426(4), 2994-3007. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21922.x
• Smith, R. J., Lucey, J. R., & Carter, D. (2012). What drives the ultraviolet colours of passive galaxies?. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 421(4), 2982-2997. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.20524.x
• Peng, E., Ferguson, H., Goudfrooij, P., Hammer, D., Lucey, J., Marzke, R., …Verdoes Kleijn, G. (2011). The HST/ACS Coma Cluster Survey. IV. Intergalactic Globular Clusters and the Massive Globular Cluster System at the Core of the Coma Galaxy Cluster. Astrophysical Journal, 730(1), Article 23. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/730/1/23
• Smith, R. J., Lucey, J. R., Hammer, D., Hornschemeier, A. E., Carter, D., Hudson, M. J., …Karick, A. (2010). Ultraviolet tails and trails in cluster galaxies: a sample of candidate gaseous stripping events in Coma. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 408(3), 1417-1432. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17253.x
• Hammer, D., Kleijn, G., Hoyos, C., den Brok, M., Balcells, M., Ferguson, H., …Valentijn, E. (2010). THE HST/ACS COMA CLUSTER SURVEY. II. DATA DESCRIPTION AND SOURCE CATALOGS. Astrophysical Journal Supplement, 191(1), 143-159. https://doi.org/10.1088/0067-0049/191/1/143
• Merluzzi, P., Mercurio, A., Haines, C., Smith, R., Busarello, G., & Lucey, J. (2010). ACCESS: NIR luminosity function and stellar mass function of galaxies in the Shapley supercluster environment. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 402(2), 753-766. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15929.x
• Hudson, M. J., Stevenson, J. B., Smith, R. J., Wegner, G. A., Lucey, J. R., & Simard, L. (2010). Colours of bulges and discs within galaxy clusters and the signature of disc fading on infall. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 409(1), 405-420. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17318.x
• Price, J., Phillipps, S., Huxor, A., Smith, R., & Lucey, J. (2010). The stellar populations of bright coma cluster galaxies. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 411(4), 2558-2585. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17862.x
• Rawle, T., Smith, R. J., & Lucey, J. (2010). Stellar population gradients in early-type cluster galaxies. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 401(2), 852-866. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15722.x
• Gargiulo, A., Haines, C., Merluzzi, P., Smith, R., Barbera, F. L., Busarello, G., …Capaccioli, M. (2009). On the origin of the scatter around the Fundamental Plane: correlations with stellar population parameters. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 397(1), 75-89. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.14801.x
• Smith, R. J., Lucey, J. R., Hudson, M. J., & Bridges, T. J. (2009). Abundance ratios in red-sequence galaxies over a wide mass range: the `X-planes' for magnesium, calcium, carbon and nitrogen. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 398(1), 119-132. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15146.x
• Allanson, S. P., Hudson, M. J., Smith, R. J., & Lucey, J. R. (2009). The Star Formation Histories of Red-Sequence Galaxies, Mass-to-Light Ratios and the Fundamental Plane. Astrophysical Journal, 702(2), 1275-1296. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/702/2/1275
• Smith, R. J., Lucey, J. R., Hudson, M. J., Allanson, S. P., Bridges, T. J., Hornschemeier, A. E., …Miller, N. A. (2009). A spectroscopic survey of dwarf galaxies in the Coma cluster: stellar populations, environment and downsizing. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 392(4), 1265-1294. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.14180.x
• Smith, R. J., Lucey, J. R., & Hudson, M. J. (2009). Ages and metallicities for quiescent galaxies in the Shapley supercluster: driving parameters of the stellar populations. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 400(4), 1690-1705. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15580.x
• Carter, D., Goudfrooij, P., Mobasher, B., Ferguson, H., Puzia, T., Aguerri, A., …Kleijn, G. (2008). The Hubble Space Telescope advanced camera for surveys coma cluster survey. I. Survey objectives and design. Astrophysical Journal Supplement, 176(2), 424-437. https://doi.org/10.1086/533439
• Rawle, T., Smith, R., Lucey, J., Hudson, M., & Wegner, G. (2008). Near ultraviolet-infrared colours of red-sequence galaxies in local cluster. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 385(4), 2097-2106. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.12967.x
• Rawle, T., Smith, R. J., Lucey, J., & Swinbank, A. (2008). Stellar population gradients in early-type cluster galaxies with VIMOS IFU. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 389(4), 1891-1904. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13720.x
• Smith, R. J., Marzke, R. O., Hornschemeier, A. E., Bridges, T. J., Hudson, M. J., Miller, N. A., …Carter, D. (2008). A large population of recently quenched red-sequence dwarf galaxies in the outskirts of the Coma cluster. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, 386(1), L96-L100. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-3933.2008.00469.x
• Smith, R., Lucey, J., & Hudson, M. (2007). A deep AAOmega survey of low-luminosity galaxies in the Shapley supercluster: stellar population trends. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 381(3), 1035-1052. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12226.x
• Smith, R., Hudson, M., Lucey, J., Nelan, J. A., & Wegner, G. (2006). The NOAO Fundamental Plane Survey - III. Variations in the stellar populations of red-sequence galaxies from the cluster core to the virial radius. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 369, 1419-1436. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10393.x
• Nelan, J., Smith, R., Hudson, M., Wegner, G., Lucey, J., Moore, S., …Suntzeff, N. (2005). NOAO fundamental plane survey II: Age and metallicity along the red sequence from line-strength data. Astrophysical Journal, 632(1), 137-156. https://doi.org/10.1086/431962
• : Smith, R., Hudson, M., Nelan, J., Moore, S., Quinney, S., Wegner, G., …Suntzeff, N. (2004). NOAO fundamental plane survey. I. Survey design, redshifts, and velocity dispersion data. Astronomical Journal, 128(4), 1558-1569. https://doi.org/10.1086/423915
• Hudson, M., Smith, R., Lucey, J., & Branchini, E. (2004). Streaming motions of galaxy clusters within 12 000 km/s - V. The peculiar velocity field. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 352(1), 61-75. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.07893.x
• Kuntschner, H., Lucey, J., Smith, R., Hudson, M., & Davies, R. (2001). On the dependence of spectroscopic indices of early-type galaxies on age, metallicity and velocity dispersion. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 323(3), 615-629. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.04263.x
• Hudson, M. J., Lucey, J. R., Smith, R. J., Schlegel, D. J., & Davies, R. L. (2001). Streaming motions of galaxy clusters within 12 000 km/s - III. A standardized catalogue of Fundamental Plane data. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 327, 265-295. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.04786.x
• Smith, R. J., Lucey, J. R., Hudson, M. J., Schlegel, D. J., & Davies, R. L. (2000). Streaming motions of galaxy clusters within 12000 km/s - I. New spectroscopic data. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 313, 469-490. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-8711.2000.03251.x
• Hudson, M. J., Smith, R. J., Lucey, J. R., Schlegel, D. J., & Davies, R. L. (1999). A Large-scale Bulk Flow of Galaxy Clusters. Astrophysical Journal, 512(2), L79-L82. https://doi.org/10.1086/311883