Staff profile

My research encompasses four main areas: (1) Behavioural and evolutionary ecology, specifically empirical studies of individual mating decisions and reproductive behaviour. (2) Spatial behavioural ecology: the development and application of spatially explicit analytical and modelling procedures to studies of the evolution of animal behaviour. (3) Evolutionary ecology of colony formation and social dynamics within animal groups. (4) Use of spatial approaches to integrate knowledge of individual animal behaviour into Environmental Change Ecology. My innovative approach to studies of animal behaviour has been to apply modern Geo-spatial analytical and spatially explicit modelling procedures, as developed in the field of Landscape Ecology, to long-term, empirical, field based studies of individual animal behaviour. This spatial emphasis allows me to examine individual behavioural decisions within their physical, social and genetic contexts, quantified at appropriately fine spatial and temporal scales. The aim of my research is to understand how heterogeneity in these contexts, quantified at the variety of hierarchical scales at which they impinge upon individuals, constrains or alters the behavioural decisions of individuals. This perspective provides a deeper understanding of those choices, and perhaps more importantly, how context sets the behavioural options amongst which individuals choose (e.g. habitat and mate choice decisions in relation to local availability and quality of these resources/mates). This approach is designed to explain more of the observed variation between individuals than can be achieved by viewing individuals in isolation, and thereby provide improved empirical data for testing and developing hypotheses. Further, individual behaviour, examined in such spatially explicit frameworks also provides new insights for testing and improving models of meta-population and population scale processes and for predicting responses to future environmental change. This is an important, but often neglected component of environmental change ecology, as the range of an individual’s preferences and responses is typically narrower than those measured for the population as a whole. As population change is largely a result of individual behaviour it is vital to understand how individuals react to their environment in order to predict population responses to natural or anthropogenic environmental change and the consequent impact on ecosystem and population structure and function. Further, most animal species have social constraints that affect their spatial habitat requirements (e.g. spatial requirement for successfully reproducing units), thus, effective prediction of individual, population and ecosystem responses to environmental change also necessitates an understanding of how local environment both determines and interacts with the social dynamics of species. Understanding how organisms interact with their changing environment at all of these hierarchical scales is fundamental to effective efforts to assess and mitigate undesirable effects of environmental change. I have applied this approach to various studies and a range of taxa (Mammals, Birds, Insects), but the focus of my research is a long-term (currently 19 years) study of breeding grey seals at various Scottish island colonies, in particular that of North Rona. My grey seal research is conducted in collaboration with Dr Paddy Pomeroy at the Sea Mammal Research Unit (University of St. Andrews) and is supported by UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Fellowships, Grants and Core funding. The study benefits from over 5000 known and genetically typed individuals and the integration of individual reproductive histories within the accurately quantified physical, social and genetic contexts provided by my sub-metre accurate Geographical Information System (GIS) databases. My application of this spatially explicit approach to behavioural studies has proved highly productive, providing novel and key insights into the environmental causes of individual variation in behaviour and success that drive population and ecosystem scale processes. I am keen to extend my research approach to other pinniped species and ecosystems, both nationally and internationally, to provide an integrative examination of the effects of environmental change on individuals, populations and ecosystems at a range of spatial and temporal scales.

• Breeding Behaviour In Relation To Fine Scale Physical, Social And Genetic Landscapes
• Landscape Behavioural Ecology
• Vertebrate Mating Pattern Research - Specifically Grey Seal
• Individual variation in behaviour
• Animal personality
• Field based behavioural studies

• 2001: Invited presentation: Ed Gregr & Sean Twiss at the "Use of Geomatic Technologies for Marine Mammal Scientists: workshop for the 14th Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals (2001).

Chapter in book

• Twiss, S., Bishop, A., & Culloch, R. (2022). The Gray Seal: 80 Years of Insight into Intrinsic and Extrinsic Drivers of Phocid Behavior. In D. P. Costa, & E. A. McHuron (Eds.), Ethology and Behavioral Ecology of Phocids (313-360). Springer Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88923-4_9
• Pomeroy, P., Twiss, S., & Robinson, K. (2017). Reproductive behaviour. In B. Würsig, J. Thewissen, & K. Kovacs (Eds.), Encyclopedia of marine mammals (797-806). (3). Academic Press
• Twiss, S., & Thomas, C. (1999). Fine scale topographical influences on Environmental Potential for Polygamy (EPP) and male reproductive success in grey seals. In P. G. Evans, & E. U. Pascual (Eds.), Proceedings of the 13th annual conference of the European Cetacean Society (191-195). European Cetacean Society

Conference Paper

• Pomeroy, P., Twiss, S., & (2005), M. J. (2005, December). Associations of breeding grey seals persist at sea. Presented at 16th Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals., San Diego
• Twiss, S., Thomas, C., & Pomeroy, P. (2005, December). Local weather affects the degree of polygyny in breeding grey seals (Halichoerus grypus). Presented at 16th Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals., San Diego

Doctoral Thesis

• Twiss, S. (1992). Behavioural and energetic determinants of individual mating success in male grey seals (Halichoerus grypus, Fabricius 1791). (Thesis). Zoology Department, University of Glasgow. https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1618131

Journal Article

• Hobkirk, E. R., & Twiss, S. D. (2024). Domestication constrains the ability of dogs to convey emotions via facial expressions in comparison to their wolf ancestors. Scientific Reports, 14(1), Article 10491. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-61110-6
• O'Neill, H., Twiss, S., Stephens, P., Mason, T., Ryrholm, N., & Burman, J. (2022). The Importance of Direct and Indirect Trophic Interactions in Determining the Presence of a Locally Rare Day-Flying Moth. Oecologia, 198(2), 531-542. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-021-05100-9
• Galib, S., Sun, J., Twiss, S., & Lucas, M. (2022). Personality, density and habitat drive the dispersal of invasive crayfish. Scientific Reports, 12, Article 1114. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-04228-1
• Twiss, S. D., Brannan, N., Shuert, C. R., Bishop, A. M., Pomeroy, P. P., & Moss, S. (2021). An external telemetry system for recording resting heart rate variability and heart rate in free-ranging large wild mammals. PLoS ONE, 16(6), Article e0252013. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252013
• Shuert, C. R., Halsey, L. G., Pomeroy, P. P., & Twiss, S. D. (2020). Energetic limits: Defining the bounds and trade‐offs of successful energy management in a capital breeder. Journal of Animal Ecology, 89(11), 2461-2472. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.13312
• Shuert, C. R., Pomeroy, P. P., & Twiss, S. D. (2020). Coping styles in capital breeders modulate behavioural trade-offs in time allocation: assessing fine-scale activity budgets in lactating grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) using accelerometry and heart rate variability. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 74(1), Article 8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-019-2783-8
• Twiss, S. D., Shuert, C. R., Brannan, N., Bishop, A. M., & Pomeroy, P. P. (2020). Reactive stress-coping styles show more variable reproductive expenditure and fitness outcomes. Scientific Reports, 10(1), Article 9550. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-66597-3
• Robinson, K. J., Hazon, N., Twiss, S. D., & Pomeroy, P. P. (2019). High oxytocin infants gain more mass with no additional maternal energetic costs in wild grey seals (Halichoerus grypus). Psychoneuroendocrinology, 110, Article 104423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.104423
• Halsey, L. G., Green, J. A., Twiss, S. D., Arnold, W., Burthe, S. J., Butler, P. J., Cooke, S. J., Grémillet, D., Ruf, T., Hicks, O., Minta, K. J., Prystay, T. S., Wascher, C. A., & Careau, V. (2019). Flexibility, variability and constraint in energy management patterns across vertebrate taxa revealed by long‐term heart rate measurements. Functional Ecology, 33(2), 260-272. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.13264
• Fraser, Z., Culloch, R., & Twiss, S. (2019). As clear as day: nocturnal activity differs from diurnal activity in a temporally constrained capital breeder. Behaviour, 156(10), 997-1016. https://doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003553
• Shuert, C. R., Pomeroy, P. P., & Twiss, S. D. (2018). Assessing the utility and limitations of accelerometers and machine learning approaches in classifying behaviour during lactation in a phocid seal. Animal Biotelemetry, 6(1), Article 14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40317-018-0158-y
• Bishop, A. M., Stewart, J. E., Pomeroy, P., & Twiss, S. D. (2017). Intraseasonal temporal variation of reproductive effort for male grey seals. Animal Behaviour, 134, 167-175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2017.10.021
• Robinson, K. J., Twiss, S. D., Hazon, N., Moss, S., & Pomeroy, P. P. (2017). Positive social behaviours are induced and retained after oxytocin manipulations mimicking endogenous concentrations in a wild mammal. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 284(1855), Article 20170554. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.0554
• Robinson, K., Pomeroy, P., Hazon, N., Moss, S., & Twiss, S. (2016). Individual size, sex and rearing environment impact on aggression in newly weaned seals. Marine Mammal Science, 33(2), 621-629. https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.12367
• Culloch, R., Pomeroy, P., & Twiss, S. (2016). The difference between night and day: The nocturnal and diurnal activity budget of gray seals (Halichoerus grypus) during the breeding season. Marine Mammal Science, 32(1), 400-408. https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.12259
• Bishop, A., Joseph, O., Moss, S., Pomeroy, P., & Twiss, S. (2016). Cannibalism by a Male Grey Seal (Halichoerus grypus) in the North Sea. Aquatic Mammals, 42(2), https://doi.org/10.1578/am.42.2.2016.137
• Robinson, K. J., Twiss, S. D., Hazon, N., & Pomeroy, P. P. (2015). Maternal Oxytocin Is Linked to Close Mother-Infant Proximity in Grey Seals (Halichoerus grypus). PLoS ONE, 10(12), Article e0144577. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0144577
• Bishop, A., Pomeroy, P., & Twiss, S. (2015). Variability in individual rates of aggression in wild gray seals: fine-scale analysis reveals importance of social and spatial stability. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 69(10), 1663-1675. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-015-1978-x
• Robinson, K., Twiss, S., Hazon, N., Moss, S., Lonergan, M., & Pomeroy, P. (2015). Conspecific recognition and aggression reduction to familiars in newly weaned, socially plastic mammals. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 69(8), 1383-1394. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-015-1952-7
• Bishop, A., Pomeroy, P., & Twiss, S. (2015). Breeding male grey seals exhibit similar activity budgets across varying exposures to human activity. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 527, 247-259. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11254
• Bishop, A., Denton, P., Pomeroy, P., & Twiss, S. (2015). Good vibrations by the beach boys: Magnitude of substrate vibrations is a reliable indicator of male grey seal size. Animal Behaviour, 100, 74-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.11.008
• Stewart, J., Pomeroy, P., Duck, C., & Twiss, S. (2014). Finescale ecological niche modeling provides evidence that lactating gray seals (Halichoerus grypus) prefer access to fresh water in order to drink. Marine Mammal Science, 30(4), 1456-1472. https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.12126
• Bishop, A., Lidstone-Scott, R., Pomeroy, P., & Twiss, S. (2014). Body Slap: An Innovative Aggressive Display by Breeding Male Gray Seals (Halichoerus grypus). Marine Mammal Science, 30(2), 579-593. https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.12059
• Hiby, A., Paterson, W., Redman, P., Watkins, J., Twiss, S., & Pomeroy, P. (2013). Analysis of photo-id data allowing for missed matches and individuals identified from opposite sides. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 4(3), 252-259. https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210x.12008
• Twiss, S., Cairns, C., Culloch, R., Richards, S., & Pomeroy, P. (2012). Variation in Female Grey Seal (Halichoerus grypus) Reproductive Performance Correlates to Proactive-Reactive Behavioural Types. PLoS ONE, 7(11), Article e49598. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0049598
• Twiss, S., Culloch, R., & Pomeroy, P. (2012). An in-field experimental test of pinniped behavioral types. Marine Mammal Science, 28(3), E280-E294. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2011.00523.x
• Culloch, R., Pomeroy, P., Lidstone-Scott, R., Bourne, L., & Twiss, S. (2012). Observations from video footage of Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) activity within a Grey Seal (Halichoerus grypus) breeding colony on the UK mainland. Aquatic Mammals, 38(1), 81-85. https://doi.org/10.1578/am.38.1.2012.81
• Twiss, S., & Franklin, J. (2010). Individually consistent behavioural patterns in wild, breeding male grey seals (Halichoerus grypus). Aquatic Mammals, 36(3), 234-238. https://doi.org/10.1578/am.36.3.2010.234
• Poland, V., Pomeroy, P., Twiss, S., & Graves, J. (2008). Fine-scale study finds limited evidence of kin clustering in a gray seal colony. Marine Mammal Science, 24(2), 371-387. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2008.00191.x
• Twiss, S., Thomas, C., Poland, V., Graves, J., & Pomeroy, P. (2007). The impact of climatic variation on the opportunity for sexual selection. Biology Letters, 3(1), 12-15. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2006.0559
• Jupp, T., & Twiss, S. (2006). A physically motivated index of sub-grid scale pattern. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111(D19), https://doi.org/10.1029/2006jd007343
• Twiss, S., Pomeroy, P., Graves, J., & Poland, V. (2006). Finding fathers: Spatio-temporal analysis of paternity assignment in grey seals (Halichoerus grypus). Molecular Ecology, 15(7), 1939-1953. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294x.2006.02927.x
• Pomeroy, P., Redman, P., Ruddell, S., Duck, C., & Twiss, S. (2005). Breeding site choice fails to explain interannual associations of female grey seals. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 57(6), 546-556
• Bean, K., Amos, W., Pomeroy, P., Twiss, S., Coulson, T., & Boyd, I. (2004). Patterns of parental relatedness and pup survival in the grey seal (Halichoerus grypus). Molecular Ecology, 13(8), 2365-2370
• Twiss, S., Duck, C., & Pomeroy, P. (2003). Grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) pup mortality not explained by local breeding density on North Rona, Scotland. Journal of Zoology, 259(1), 83-91. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0952836902003035
• Twiss, S., Wright, N., Dunstone, N., Redman, P., Moss, S., & Pomeroy, P. (2002). Behavioral evidence of thermal stress from over-heating in UK breeding gray seals. Marine Mammal Science, 18(2), 455-468. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2002.tb01048.x
• Twiss, S., Thomas, C., & Pomeroy, P. (2001). Topographic spatial characterisation of grey seal Halichoerus grypus breeding habitat at a sub-seal size spatial grain. Ecography, 24(3), 257-266. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0587.2001.240303.x
• Redman, P., Pomeroy, P., & Twiss, S. (2001). Grey seal maternal attendance patterns are affected by water availability on North Rona, Scotland. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 79(6), 1073-1079. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-79-6-1073
• Pomeroy, P., Worthington Wilmer, J., Amos, W., & Twiss, S. (2001). Reproductive performance links to fine scale spatial patterns of female grey seal relatedness. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 268(1468), 711-717. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2000.1422
• Pomeroy, P., Twiss, S., & Redman, P. (2000). Philopatry, site fidelity and local kin associations within grey seal breeding colonies. Ethology: international journal of behavioural biology, 106(10), 899-919
• Twiss, S., Pomeroy, P., Thomas, C., & Mills, J. (2000). Remote estimation of grey seal length, width and body mass from aerial photography. Photogrammetric engineering and remote sensing, 66(7), 859-866
• Twiss, S., Caudron, A., Pomeroy, P., Thomas, C., & Mills, J. (2000). Finescale topographical correlates of behavioural investment in offspring by female grey seals, Halichoerus grypus. Animal Behaviour, 59(2), 327-338. https://doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1999.1320
• Worthington-Wilmer, J., Overall, A., Pomeroy, P., Twiss, S., & Amos, W. (2000). Patterns of paternal relatedness in British Grey Seal Colonies. Molecular Ecology, 9, 283-292
• Pomeroy, P., Twiss, S., & Duck, C. (2000). Expansion of a grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) breeding colony: change in pupping site use at the Isle of May, Scotland. Journal of Zoology, 250(1), 1-12
• Worthington-Wilmer, J., Allen, P., Pomeroy, P., Twiss, S., & Amos, W. (1999). Where have all the fathers gone? An extensive microsatellite analysis of paternity in the grey seal (Halichoerus grypus). Molecular Ecology, 8(9), 1417-1429
• Standen, V., Rees, D., & Twiss, S. (1998). A palmate newt population in acid bog pools in the Sutherland flows of North Scotland
• Twiss, S., Anderson, S., & Monaghan, P. (1998). Limited intra-specific variation in male grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) dominance relationships in relation to variation in male mating success and female availability. Journal of Zoology, 246(3), 259-267. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1998.tb00156.x
• Mills, J., Newton, I., & Twiss, S. (1997). Photogrammetry from archived digital imagery for seal monitoring
• Allen, P., Amos, W., Pomeroy, P., & Twiss, S. (1995). Microsatellite variation in grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) shows evidence of genetic differentiation between two British breeding colonies. Molecular Ecology, 4, 653-662
• Amos, B., Twiss, S., Pomeroy, P., & Anderson, S. (1995). Evidence for mate fidelity in the Gray seal. Science, 268(5219), 1897-1899
• Twiss, S., Pomeroy, P., & Anderson, S. (1994). Dispersion and site fidelity of breeding male grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) on North Rona, Scotland. Journal of Zoology, 233(4), 683-693
• Pomeroy, P., Anderson, S., Twiss, S., & McConnell, B. (1994). Dispersion and site fidelity of breeding female grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) on North Rona, Scotland. Journal of Zoology, 233(3), 429-447. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1994.tb05275.x
• Amos, B., Twiss, S., Pomeroy, P., & Anderson, S. (1993). Male mating success and paternity in the grey seal, Halichoerus grypus: a study using DNA fingerprinting

Report

• O’Connell, M., Thomas, C., Twiss, S., Downie, I., Coulson, J., Evans, P., & Whitfield, D. (1996). Functional ecology of peatland animals in the Flow Country of northern Scotland. I. Habitat requirements of breeding waders (Charadrii). Scottish National Heritage