Staff profile

About Me

I obtained my undergraduate degree in Japanese and Mandarin from the University of Tasmania in 2008, and my Master's degree in Applied Linguistics from Nanjing Normal University in 2013. I completed my DPhil in Experimental Psychology at the University of Oxford in 2018, where I researched how infants learn colour words and what that means for their colour perception. From there I moved to the University of East Anglia as a postdoc, working on early visual working memory with Professor John Spencer. My research at Durham focuses on the interplay between early cognition and word learning in infants, looking particularly at the links between cognition, environmental factors and early word learning.

I also carry out work in metascience and am an advocate of Open Scholarship, developing pipelines and software for researchers to use.

• Developmental cognitive neuroscience
• Early word learning
• Infant development

• 2024: Associate Editor in Chief at Journal of Open Source Software (JOSS):
• 2024: Associate Editor at Journal of Child Language:
• 2023: Software Sustainability Institute Fellow:
• 2022: Topic Editor at Journal of Open Source Software (JOSS):

Conference Paper

• Early Colour Word Learning in British Infants
  
  Forbes, S. H., & Plunkett, K. (2017). Early Colour Word Learning in British Infants. Presented at The Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, London, UK.

Journal Article

• Adaptation and Standardization of two Arabic Communicative Development Inventories 4 for Children Aged 8 to 30 Months and 30 to 48 Months in Egypt
  
  Abdelwahab, A., Floccia, C., Forbes, S., Alsiddiqi, Z., Al-Shdifat, K., Mckean, C., Odeh, T., Trebacz, A., & Khattab, G. (in press). Adaptation and Standardization of two Arabic Communicative Development Inventories 4 for Children Aged 8 to 30 Months and 30 to 48 Months in Egypt. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research.
• The fNIRS glossary project: a consensus-based resource for functional near-infrared spectroscopy terminology
  
  Stute, K., Gossé, L. K., Montero-Hernandez, S., Perkins, G. A., Yücel, M. A., Cutini, S., Durduran, T., Ehlis, A.-C., Ferrari, M., Gervain, J., Mesquita, R. C., Orihuela-Espina, F., Scholkmann, F., Tachtsidis, I., Torricelli, A., Yodh, A. G., Carp, S. A., Dehghani, H., Fang, Q., … Yu, C.-C. (2025). The fNIRS glossary project: a consensus-based resource for functional near-infrared spectroscopy terminology. Neurophotonics, 12(2), Article 027801. https://doi.org/10.1117/1.NPh.12.2.027801
• To Improve Literacy, Improve Equality in Education, Not Large Language Models
  
  Forbes, S. H., & Guest, O. (2025). To Improve Literacy, Improve Equality in Education, Not Large Language Models. Cognitive Science, 49(4), Article e70058. https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.70058
• Infants' Social Evaluation of Helpers and Hinderers: A Large-Scale, Multi-Lab, Coordinated Replication Study
  
  Lucca, K., Yuen, F., Wang, Y., Alessandroni, N., Allison, O., Alvarez, M., Axelsson, E. L., Baumer, J., Baumgartner, H. A., Bertels, J., Bhavsar, M., Byers‐Heinlein, K., Capelier‐Mourguy, A., Chijiiwa, H., Chin, C. S., Christner, N., Cirelli, L. K., Corbit, J., Daum, M. M., … Hamlin, J. K. (2024). Infants’ Social Evaluation of Helpers and Hinderers: A Large-Scale, Multi-Lab, Coordinated Replication Study. Developmental Science, 28(1), Article e13581. https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.13581
• Teaching coding inclusively: If this, then what?
  
  Guest, O., & Forbes, S. H. (2024). Teaching coding inclusively: If this, then what?. Tijdschrift Voor Genderstudies, 27(2/3), 196-217. https://doi.org/10.5117/tvgn2024.2-3.007.gues
• Investigating solitude as a tool for downregulation of daily arousal using ecological momentary assessments
  
  Nguyen, T. T., Konu, D., & Forbes, S. (2024). Investigating solitude as a tool for downregulation of daily arousal using ecological momentary assessments. Journal of Personality. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12939
• The myth of normative development
  
  Forbes, S. H., Aneja, P., & Guest, O. (2024). The myth of normative development. Infant and Child Development, 33(1), Article e2393. https://doi.org/10.1002/icd.2393
• Stunting in infancy is associated with atypical activation of working memory and attention networks
  
  Wijeakumar, S., Forbes, S. H., Magnotta, V. A., Deoni, S., Jackson, K., Singh, V. P., Tiwari, M., Kumar, A., & Spencer, J. P. (2023). Stunting in infancy is associated with atypical activation of working memory and attention networks. Nature Human Behaviour, 7, 2199-2211. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-023-01725-3
• Colour perception changes with basic colour word comprehension
  
  Forbes, S. H., & Plunkett, K. (2023). Colour perception changes with basic colour word comprehension. Developmental Science, 26(6), Article e13406. https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.13406
• Vocabulary and automatic attention: The relation between novel words and gaze dynamics in noun generalization
  
  Bakopoulou, M., Lorenz, M. G., Forbes, S. H., Tremlin, R., Bates, J., & Samuelson, L. K. (2023). Vocabulary and automatic attention: The relation between novel words and gaze dynamics in noun generalization. Developmental Science, 26(6), Article e13399. https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.13399
• Language exposure and brain myelination in early development
  
  Fibla, L., Forbes, S. H., McCarthy, J., Mee, K., Magnotta, V., Deoni, S., Cameron, D., & Spencer, J. P. (2023). Language exposure and brain myelination in early development. The Journal of Neuroscience, 43(23), 4279-4290. https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.1034-22.2023
• Poor air quality is associated with impaired visual cognition in the first two years of life: A longitudinal investigation
  
  Spencer, J. P., Forbes, S. H., Naylor, S., Singh, V. P., Jackson, K., Deoni, S., Tiwari, M., & Kumar, A. (2023). Poor air quality is associated with impaired visual cognition in the first two years of life: A longitudinal investigation. ELife, 12, Article e83876. https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.83876
• Improving the generalizability of infant psychological research: The ManyBabies model
  
  Visser, I., Bergmann, C., Byers-Heinlein, K., Dal Ben, R., Duch, W., Forbes, S., Franchin, L., Frank, M. C., Geraci, A., Hamlin, J. K., Kaldy, Z., Kulke, L., Laverty, C., Lew-Williams, C., Mateu, V., Mayor, J., Moreau, D., Nomikou, I., Schuwerk, T., … Zettersten, M. (2022). Improving the generalizability of infant psychological research: The ManyBabies model. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 45. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x21000455
• Frontotemporal activation differs between perception of simulated cochlear implant speech and speech in background noise: An image-based fNIRS study
  
  Defenderfer, J., Forbes, S., Wijeakumar, S., Hedrick, M., Plyler, P., & Buss, A. T. (2021). Frontotemporal activation differs between perception of simulated cochlear implant speech and speech in background noise: An image-based fNIRS study. NeuroImage, 240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118385
• The development of contour processing abilities in the second year.
  
  Forbes, S. H., & Plunkett, K. (2021). The development of contour processing abilities in the second year. Developmental Psychology, 57(5). https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0001021
• An Adaptation of the MacArthur-Bates CDI in 17 Arabic Dialects for Children Aged 8 to 30 Months
  
  Abdelwahab, A. G. S., Forbes, S., Cattani, A., Goslin, J., & Floccia, C. (2021). An Adaptation of the MacArthur-Bates CDI in 17 Arabic Dialects for Children Aged 8 to 30 Months. Language Learning and Development, 17(4). https://doi.org/10.1080/15475441.2021.1916502
• Processing pipeline for image reconstructed fNIRS analysis using both MRI templates and individual anatomy
  
  Forbes, S. H., Wijeakumar, S., Eggebrecht, A. T., Magnotta, V. A., & Spencer, J. P. (2021). Processing pipeline for image reconstructed fNIRS analysis using both MRI templates and individual anatomy. Neurophotonics, 8(02), Article 025010. https://doi.org/10.1117/1.nph.8.2.025010
• The functional brain networks that underlie visual working memory in the first two years of life
  
  Delgado Reyes, L., Wijeakumar, S., Magnotta, V. A., Forbes, S. H., & Spencer, J. P. (2020). The functional brain networks that underlie visual working memory in the first two years of life. NeuroImage, 219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116971
• PupillometryR: An R package for preparing and analysing pupillometry data
  
  Forbes, S. H. (2020). PupillometryR: An R package for preparing and analysing pupillometry data. Journal of Open Source Software, 5(50). https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.02285
• Linguistic and Cultural Variation in Early Color Word Learning
  
  Forbes, S. H., & Plunkett, K. (2020). Linguistic and Cultural Variation in Early Color Word Learning. Child Development, 91(1). https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13164
• Infants show early comprehension of basic color words.
  
  Forbes, S. H., & Plunkett, K. (2019). Infants show early comprehension of basic color words. Developmental Psychology, 55(2), 240-249. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000609
• The role of colour labels in mediating toddler visual attention
  
  Forbes, S. H., & Plunkett, K. (2019). The role of colour labels in mediating toddler visual attention. Cognition, 186, 159-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2019.01.008
• 汉英儿童故事讲述任务中完成体使用的对比研究
  
  Liang, D., Song, Y., & Forbes, S. H. (2015). 汉英儿童故事讲述任务中完成体使用的对比研究. 外语教学与研究, 47(1).