Staff profile

Using methods from anthropology and psychology, I conduct research in hunter-gatherer societies to understand the cultural diversity in, and evolution of, social learning in childhood. Specifically, I use quantitative and qualitative methods to study how and from whom children learn through meaningful participation in every day activities. With Forager Child Studies, the interdisciplinary research team I co-founded and co-direct, I conduct cross-cultural reviews and secondary data analysis on the pasts, presents, and futures of forager children's learning.

Since 2016, I work with egalitarian BaYaka foragers and their farmer neighbours in the Congo Basin. My primary research uses behavioural observations to understand social learning. I have also collected biological samples, social network data, and conducted experiments for collaborative cross-cultural projects.

• child foraging
• cross-cultural research methods
• cultural evolution
• object play
• peer learning

Chapter in book

• Mobility, autonomy and learning: Could the transition from egalitarian to non-egalitarian social structures start with children?
  
  Reckin, R., Lew-Levy, S., Lavi, N., & Ellis-Davies, K. (2020). Mobility, autonomy and learning: Could the transition from egalitarian to non-egalitarian social structures start with children?. In Social inequality before farming? Multidisciplinary approaches to the study of social organisation in prehistoric and ethnographic hunter-gatherer-fisher societies (p. 33--50). McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research.
• Identifying variation in cultural models of resource sharing between hunter-gatherers and farmers: a multi-method, cognitive approach
  
  Boyette, A. H., & Lew-Levy, S. (2019). Identifying variation in cultural models of resource sharing between hunter-gatherers and farmers: a multi-method, cognitive approach. In N. Lavi & D. E. Friesem (Eds.), Towards a Broader View of Hunter Gatherer Sharing (pp. 171-184). McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research.

Journal Article

• Teaching is associated with the transmission of opaque culture and leadership across 23 egalitarian hunter-gatherer societies
  
  Garfield, Z. H., & Lew-Levy, S. (2025). Teaching is associated with the transmission of opaque culture and leadership across 23 egalitarian hunter-gatherer societies. Nature Communications, 16(1), Article 3387. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58764-9
• Construct Validity in Cross-Cultural, Developmental Research: Challenges and Strategies for Improvement
  
  Wen, N. J., Amir, D., Clegg, J. M., Davis, H. E., Dutra, N. B., Kline, M. A., Lew-Levy, S., MacGillivray, T., Pamei, G., Wang, Y., Xu, J., & Rawlings, B. S. (2025). Construct Validity in Cross-Cultural, Developmental Research: Challenges and Strategies for Improvement. Evolutionary Human Sciences. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1017/ehs.2025.3
• Regulating community well-being through traditional mourning rituals: Insights from the Luhya People of Kenya
  
  Asatsa, S., Lew-Levy, S., Ngaari Mbugua, S., Ntaragwe, M., Shanyisa, W., Gichimu, E., Nambiri, J., & Omuchesi, J. (2025). Regulating community well-being through traditional mourning rituals: Insights from the Luhya People of Kenya. Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health, 13(1), 14-24. https://doi.org/10.1093/emph/eoaf001
• Children as agents of cultural adaptation
  
  Lew-Levy, S., & Amir, D. (2024). Children as agents of cultural adaptation. Behavioral and Brain Sciences. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X24001377
• Cultural transmission among hunter-gatherers
  
  Hewlett, B. S., Boyette, A. H., Lew-Levy, S., Gallois, S., & Dira, S. J. (2024). Cultural transmission among hunter-gatherers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 121(48), Article e2322883121. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2322883121
• BaYaka mothers balance childcare and subsistence tasks during collaborative foraging in Congo Basin
  
  Visine, A. E. S., Boyette, A. H., Ouamba, Y. R., Lew-Levy, S., Sarma, M. S., & Jang, H. (2024). BaYaka mothers balance childcare and subsistence tasks during collaborative foraging in Congo Basin. Scientific Reports, 14(1), Article 24893. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-75467-1
• Learning to walk in the forest
  
  Lew‐Levy, S., & Boyette, A. H. (2024). Learning to walk in the forest. Ethos, 52(3), 401-420. https://doi.org/10.1111/etho.12441
• Quantifying quality: The impact of measures of school quality on children's academic achievement across diverse societies
  
  Rawlings, B. S., Davis, H. E., Anum, A., Burger, O., Chen, L., Morales, J. C. C., Dutra, N., Dzabatou, A., Dzokoto, V., Erut, A., Fong, F. T., Ghelardi, S., Goldwater, M., Ingram, G., Messer, E., Kingsford, J., Lew‐Levy, S., Mendez, K., Newhouse, M., … Legare, C. H. (2024). Quantifying quality: The impact of measures of school quality on children’s academic achievement across diverse societies. Developmental Science, 27(5), Article e13434. https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.13434
• Female foragers sometimes hunt, yet gendered divisions of labor are real: a comment on Anderson et al. (2023) The Myth of Man the Hunter
  
  Venkataraman, V. V., Hoffman, J., Farquharson, K., Davis, H. E., Hagen, E. H., Hames, R. B., Hewlett, B. S., Glowacki, L., Jang, H., Kelly, R., Kramer, K., Lew-Levy, S., Starkweather, K., Syme, K., & Stibbard-Hawkes, D. N. (2024). Female foragers sometimes hunt, yet gendered divisions of labor are real: a comment on Anderson et al. (2023) The Myth of Man the Hunter. Evolution and Human Behavior, 45(4), 106586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2024.04.014
• Hunter-Gatherer Children at School: A View From the Global South
  
  Ninkova, V., Hays, J., Lavi, N., Ali, A., Lopes da Silva Macedo, S., Davis, H. E., & Lew-Levy, S. (2024). Hunter-Gatherer Children at School: A View From the Global South. Review of Educational Research. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543241255614
• Mobility, site maintenance and archaeological formation processes: An ethnoarchaeological perspective
  
  Friesem, D. E., Lavi, N., Lew-Levy, S., & Boyette, A. H. (2024). Mobility, site maintenance and archaeological formation processes: An ethnoarchaeological perspective. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 74, 101588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaa.2024.101588
• Autonomous hunter-gatherer children in hierarchical schools: a review of the literature from the global South
  
  Hays, J., Ninkova, V., Lavi, N., Lew-Levy, S., da Silva Macedo, S. L., Davis, H., & Ali, A. (2024). Autonomous hunter-gatherer children in hierarchical schools: a review of the literature from the global South. Hunter Gatherer Research, 10(1), 131-138. https://doi.org/10.3828/hgr.2024.10
• Child and adolescent foraging: New directions in evolutionary research.
  
  Pretelli, I., Crittenden, A. N., Dounias, E., Friant, S., Koster, J., Kramer, K. L., Mangola, S. M., Saez, A. M., & Lew-Levy, S. (2024). Child and adolescent foraging: New directions in evolutionary research. Evolutionary Anthropology, 33(2), Article e22020. https://doi.org/10.1002/evan.22020
• Women’s subsistence strategies predict fertility across cultures, but context matters
  
  Page, A. E., Ringen, E. J., Koster, J., Borgerhoff Mulder, M., Kramer, K., Shenk, M. K., Stieglitz, J., Starkweather, K., Ziker, J. P., Boyette, A. H., Colleran, H., Moya, C., Du, J., Mattison, S. M., Greaves, R., Sum, C.-Y., Liu, R., Lew-Levy, S., Kiabiya Ntamboudila, F., … Sear, R. (2024). Women’s subsistence strategies predict fertility across cultures, but context matters. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 121(9), Article e2318181121. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2318181121
• Energetic Value Estimates of Wild and Domesticated Food Items Consumed by Congolese BaYaka Foragers
  
  Benoit, L., Lew-Levy, S., Ouamba, Y. R., & Crittenden, A. N. (2024). Energetic Value Estimates of Wild and Domesticated Food Items Consumed by Congolese BaYaka Foragers. Journal of Ecological Anthropology, 24(1 (2022/2023).
• Dyadic inter-group cooperation in shotgun hunting activities in a Congo Basin village.
  
  Kandza, V. H., Jang, H., Kiabiya Ntamboudila, F., Lew-Levy, S., & Boyette, A. H. (2024). Dyadic inter-group cooperation in shotgun hunting activities in a Congo Basin village. Evolutionary Human Sciences, 6, Article e22. https://doi.org/10.1017/ehs.2024.14
• Hormone physiology and sleep dynamics among BaYaka foragers of the Congo Basin: Gendered associations between nighttime activity, testosterone, and cortisol
  
  Gettler, L. T., Samson, D. R., Kilius, E., Sarma, M. S., Miegakanda, V., Lew-Levy, S., & Boyette, A. H. (2023). Hormone physiology and sleep dynamics among BaYaka foragers of the Congo Basin: Gendered associations between nighttime activity, testosterone, and cortisol. Hormones and Behavior, 155, Article 105422. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2023.105422
• Intergroup Cooperation in Shotgun Hunting Among BaYaka Foragers and Yambe Farmers from the Republic of the Congo
  
  Kandza, V. H., Jang, H., Ntamboudila, F. K., Lew-Levy, S., & Boyette, A. H. (2023). Intergroup Cooperation in Shotgun Hunting Among BaYaka Foragers and Yambe Farmers from the Republic of the Congo. Human Nature, 34(2), 153-176. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12110-023-09448-0
• BaYaka forager food sharing networks in the Congo Basin: The roles of gender homophily and kin sharing
  
  Gettler, L. T., Redhead, D., Dzabatou, A., & Lew-Levy, S. (2023). BaYaka forager food sharing networks in the Congo Basin: The roles of gender homophily and kin sharing. American Journal of Biological Anthropology, 181(1), 59-69. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.24688
• Associations between men's reputations for fathering and their reproductive success among BaYaka foragers in the Congo Basin
  
  Boyette, A. H., Lew-Levy, S., Valchy, M., & Gettler, L. T. (2023). Associations between men’s reputations for fathering and their reproductive success among BaYaka foragers in the Congo Basin. Evolution and Human Behavior, 44(2), 110-119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2023.02.005
• Toys as Teachers: A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Object Use and Enskillment in Hunter--Gatherer Societies
  
  Riede, F., Lew-Levy, S., Johannsen, N. N., Johannsen, N. N., Lavi, N., & Andersen, M. M. (2023). Toys as Teachers: A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Object Use and Enskillment in Hunter--Gatherer Societies. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, 30, 32--63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10816-022-09593-3
• Reproductive inequality in humans and other mammals
  
  Ross, C. T., Hooper, P. L., Smith, J. E., Jaeggi, A. V., Smith, E. A., Gavrilets, S., Zohora, F. tuz, Ziker, J., Xygalatas, D., Wroblewski, E. E., Wood, B., Winterhalder, B., Willführ, K. P., Willard, A. K., Walker, K., Rueden, C. von, Voland, E., Valeggia, C., Vaitla, B., … Mulder, M. B. (2023). Reproductive inequality in humans and other mammals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 120(22), Article e2220124120. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2220124120
• Peer learning and cultural evolution
  
  Lew-Levy, S., Bos, W. van den, Corriveau, K. H., Dutra, N. B., Dutra, N., Flynn, E. G., O’Sullivan, E., Pope-Caldwell, S., Rawlings, B., Smolla, M., Xu, J., & Wood, L. (2023). Peer learning and cultural evolution. Child Development Perspectives, 17, 97-105. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12482
• Links between household and family social dynamics with sleep profiles among BaYaka foragers of the Congo Basin
  
  Gettler, L. T., Samson, D. R., Kilius, E., Sarma, M. S., Ouamba, Y. R., Miegakanda, V., Boyette, A. H., & Lew-Levy, S. (2022). Links between household and family social dynamics with sleep profiles among BaYaka foragers of the Congo Basin. Social Science \& Medicine, 311, Article 115345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115345
• Foraging complexity and the evolution of childhood
  
  Pretelli, I., Ringen, E., & Lew-Levy, S. (2022). Foraging complexity and the evolution of childhood. Science Advances, 8(41), Article eabn9889. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abn9889
• Costly teaching contributes to the acquisition of spear hunting skill among BaYaka forager adolescents
  
  Lew-Levy, S., Bombjaková, D., Milks, A., Kiabiya Ntamboudila, F., Kline, M. A., & Broesch, T. (2022). Costly teaching contributes to the acquisition of spear hunting skill among BaYaka forager adolescents. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 289(1974), Article 20220164. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2022.0164
• Social ties in the Congo Basin: insights into tropical forest adaptation from BaYaka and their neighbours
  
  Boyette, A. H., Lew-Levy, S., Jang, H., & Kandza, V. (2022). Social ties in the Congo Basin: insights into tropical forest adaptation from BaYaka and their neighbours. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 377(1849), Article 20200490. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0490
• How small-scale societies achieve large-scale cooperation
  
  Glowacki, L., & Lew-Levy, S. (2022). How small-scale societies achieve large-scale cooperation. Current Opinion in Psychology, 44, 44-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.08.026
• There and back again: The biosocial dynamics of returning from the field
  
  Sarma, M. S., Gildner, T. E., Howells, M. E., Lew-Levy, S., Trumble, B. C., & Fuentes, A. (2022). There and back again: The biosocial dynamics of returning from the field. American Journal of Human Biology, 34(S1), Article e23673. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23673
• Socioecology shapes child and adolescent time allocation in twelve hunter-gatherer and mixed-subsistence forager societies
  
  Lew-Levy, S., Reckin, R., Kissler, S. M., Pretelli, I., Boyette, A. H., Crittenden, A. N., Hagen, R. V., Haas, R., Kramer, K. L., Koster, J., O’Brien, M. J., Sonoda, K., Surovell, T. A., Stieglitz, J., Tucker, B., Lavi, N., Ellis-Davies, K., & Davis, H. E. (2022). Socioecology shapes child and adolescent time allocation in twelve hunter-gatherer and mixed-subsistence forager societies. Scientific Reports, 12, Article 8054. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-12217-1
• The social learning and development of intra-and inter-ethnic sharing norms in the Congo Basin: A registered report protocol
  
  Pope-Caldwell, S., Lew-Levy, S., Maurits, L., Boyette, A. H., Boyette, A. H., Ellis-Davies, K., Haun, D., Over, H., House, B. R., & House, B. R. (2022). The social learning and development of intra-and inter-ethnic sharing norms in the Congo Basin: A registered report protocol. PLoS One, 17(11), e0276845. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0276845
• Hunter-Gatherer Children's Object Play and Tool Use: An Ethnohistorical Analysis
  
  Lew-Levy, S., Andersen, M. M., Lavi, N., & Riede, F. (2022). Hunter-Gatherer Children’s Object Play and Tool Use: An Ethnohistorical Analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, Article 824983. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.824983
• A roadmap to doing culturally grounded developmental science
  
  Broesch, T., Lew-Levy, S., Kärtner, J., Kanngiesser, P., & Kline, M. (2022). A roadmap to doing culturally grounded developmental science. Review of Philosophy and Psychology, 14(2), 587--609. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13164-022-00636-y
• Hunter-gatherer children in the past: An archaeological review
  
  Milks, A., Lew-Levy, S., Lavi, N., Friesem, D. E., & Reckin, R. (2021). Hunter-gatherer children in the past: An archaeological review. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 64, Article 101369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaa.2021.101369
• Out of the empirical box: A mixed-methods study of tool innovation among Congolese BaYaka forager and Bondongo fisher-farmer children
  
  Lew-Levy, S., Pope, S. M., Haun, D. B., Kline, M. A., & Broesch, T. (2021). Out of the empirical box: A mixed-methods study of tool innovation among Congolese BaYaka forager and Bondongo fisher-farmer children. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 211, Article 105223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2021.105223
• BaYaka adolescent boys nominate accessible adult men as preferred spear hunting models
  
  Lew-Levy, S., Milks, A., Kiabiya Ntamboudila, F., Broesch, T., & Kline, M. A. (2021). BaYaka adolescent boys nominate accessible adult men as preferred spear hunting models. Current Anthropology, 62(5), 631-640. https://doi.org/10.1086/716853
• Cultural Components of Sex Differences in Color Preference
  
  Davis, J. T. M., Robertson, E., Lew-Levy, S., Neldner, K., Kapitany, R., Nielsen, M., & Hines, M. (2021). Cultural Components of Sex Differences in Color Preference. Child Development, 92(4), 1574-1589. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13528
• Demonstrating the Utility of Egocentric Relational Event Modeling Using Focal Follow Data from Congolese BaYaka Children and Adolescents Engaging in Work and Play
  
  Ellis-Davies, K., Lew-Levy, S., Fleming, E., Boyette, A. H., & Baguley, T. (2021). Demonstrating the Utility of Egocentric Relational Event Modeling Using Focal Follow Data from Congolese BaYaka Children and Adolescents Engaging in Work and Play. Field Methods, 33(3), 287-304. https://doi.org/10.1177/1525822x20987073
• Children's fingernail cortisol among BaYaka foragers of the Congo Basin: associations with fathers' roles
  
  Gettler, L. T., Lew-Levy, S., Sarma, M. S., Miegakanda, V., Doxsey, M., Meyer, J. S., & Boyette, A. H. (2021). Children’s fingernail cortisol among BaYaka foragers of the Congo Basin: associations with fathers’ roles. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 376(1827), Article 20200031. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0031
• The Life History of Learning Subsistence Skills among Hadza and BaYaka Foragers from Tanzania and the Republic of Congo
  
  Lew-Levy, S., Ringen, E. J., Crittenden, A. N., Mabulla, I. A., Broesch, T., & Kline, M. A. (2021). The Life History of Learning Subsistence Skills among Hadza and BaYaka Foragers from Tanzania and the Republic of Congo. Human Nature, 32(1), 16-47. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12110-021-09386-9
• Gender differences in BaYaka forager sleep-wake patterns in forest and village contexts
  
  Kilius, E., Samson, D. R., Lew-Levy, S., Sarma, M. S., Patel, U. A., Ouamba, Y. R., Miegakanda, V., Gettler, L. T., & Boyette, A. H. (2021). Gender differences in BaYaka forager sleep-wake patterns in forest and village contexts. Scientific Reports, 11, Article 13658. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-92816-6
• Socialization, Autonomy, and Cooperation: Insights from Task Assignment Among the Egalitarian BaYaka
  
  Boyette, A. H., & Lew-Levy, S. (2020). Socialization, Autonomy, and Cooperation: Insights from Task Assignment Among the Egalitarian BaYaka. Ethos, 48(3), 400-418. https://doi.org/10.1111/etho.12284
• Fatherhood, egalitarianism, and child health in two small-scale societies in the Republic of the Congo
  
  Boyette, A. H., Lew-Levy, S., Sarma, M. S., Valchy, M., & Gettler, L. T. (2020). Fatherhood, egalitarianism, and child health in two small-scale societies in the Republic of the Congo. American Journal of Human Biology, 32(4), Article e23342. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23342
• Gender-Typed and Gender-Segregated Play Among Tanzanian Hadza and Congolese BaYaka Hunter-Gatherer Children and Adolescents
  
  Lew-Levy, S., Boyette, A. H., Crittenden, A. N., Hewlett, B. S., & Lamb, M. (2020). Gender-Typed and Gender-Segregated Play Among Tanzanian Hadza and Congolese BaYaka Hunter-Gatherer Children and Adolescents. Child Development, 91(4), 1284-1301. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13306
• Sex differences in daily activity intensity and energy expenditure and their relationship to cortisol among BaYaka foragers from the Congo Basin
  
  Sarma, M. S., Boyette, A. H., Lew-Levy, S., Miegakanda, V., Kilius, E., Samson, D. R., & Gettler, L. T. (2020). Sex differences in daily activity intensity and energy expenditure and their relationship to cortisol among BaYaka foragers from the Congo Basin. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 172(3), 423-437. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.24075
• Epigenetic aging in children from a small-scale farming society in The Congo Basin: Associations with child growth and family conflict
  
  Gettler, L. T., Lin, D. T. S., Miegakanda, V., Lew-Levy, S., Eick, G. N., Snodgrass, J. J., MacIsaac, J. L., Ramadori, K. E., Kobor, M. S., & Boyette, A. H. (2020). Epigenetic aging in children from a small-scale farming society in The Congo Basin: Associations with child growth and family conflict. Developmental Psychobiology, 62(2), 138-153. https://doi.org/10.1002/dev.21935
• Where innovations flourish: an ethnographic and archaeological overview of hunter–gatherer learning contexts
  
  Lew-Levy, S., Milks, A., Lavi, N., Pope, S. M., & Friesem, D. E. (2020). Where innovations flourish: an ethnographic and archaeological overview of hunter–gatherer learning contexts. Evolutionary Human Sciences, 2, Article e31. https://doi.org/10.1017/ehs.2020.35
• Optional-switch cognitive flexibility in primates: Chimpanzees' (Pan troglodytes) intermediate susceptibility to cognitive set.
  
  Pope, S. M., Fagot, J., Meguerditchian, A., Watzek, J., Lew-Levy, S., Autrey, M. M., & Hopkins, W. D. (2020). Optional-switch cognitive flexibility in primates: Chimpanzees’ (Pan troglodytes) intermediate susceptibility to cognitive set. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 134(1), 98-109. https://doi.org/10.1037/com0000194
• Who teaches children to forage? Exploring the primacy of child-to-child teaching among Hadza and BaYaka Hunter-Gatherers of Tanzania and Congo
  
  Lew-Levy, S., Kissler, S. M., Boyette, A. H., Crittenden, A. N., Mabulla, I. A., & Hewlett, B. S. (2020). Who teaches children to forage? Exploring the primacy of child-to-child teaching among Hadza and BaYaka Hunter-Gatherers of Tanzania and Congo. Evolution and Human Behavior, 40(1), 12-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2019.07.003
• Sharing and caring: Testosterone, fathering, and generosity among BaYaka foragers of the Congo Basin
  
  Gettler, L. T., Lew-Levy, S., Sarma, M. S., Miegakanda, V., & Boyette, A. H. (2020). Sharing and caring: Testosterone, fathering, and generosity among BaYaka foragers of the Congo Basin. Scientific Reports, 10, Article 15422. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-70958-3
• Universal norm psychology leads to societal diversity in prosocial behaviour and development
  
  House, B. R., Kanngiesser, P., Barrett, H. C., Broesch, T., Cebioglu, S., Crittenden, A. N., Erut, A., Lew-Levy, S., Sebastian-Enesco, C., Smith, A. M., Yilmaz, S., & Silk, J. B. (2020). Universal norm psychology leads to societal diversity in prosocial behaviour and development. Nature Human Behaviour, 4, 36-44. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-019-0734-z
• BaYaka education: From the forest to the ORA (Observer, Réflechir, Agir) classroom
  
  Bombjaková, D., Lew-Levy, S., Duda, R., Loubelo, G., & Lewis, J. (2020). BaYaka education: From the forest to the ORA (Observer, Réflechir, Agir) classroom. Hunter Gatherer Research, 6(1-2), 87-114. https://doi.org/10.3828/hgr.2023.3
• Mothers' and fathers' joint profiles for testosterone and oxytocin in a small-scale fishing-farming community: Variation based on marital conflict and paternal contributions
  
  Gettler, L. T., Sarma, M. S., Lew-Levy, S., Bond, A., Trumble, B. C., & Boyette, A. H. (2019). Mothers’ and fathers’ joint profiles for testosterone and oxytocin in a small-scale fishing-farming community: Variation based on marital conflict and paternal contributions. Brain and Behavior, 9. https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.1367
• Testosterone, fathers as providers and caregivers, and child health: Evidence from fisher-farmers in the Republic of the Congo
  
  Boyette, A. H., Lew-Levy, S., Sarma, M. S., & Gettler, L. T. (2019). Testosterone, fathers as providers and caregivers, and child health: Evidence from fisher-farmers in the Republic of the Congo. Hormones and Behavior, 107, 35-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2018.09.006
• Physical activity and time budgets of Hadza forager children: Implications for self-provisioning and the ontogeny of the sexual division of labor
  
  Froehle, A. W., Wells, G. K., Pollom, T. R., Mabulla, A. Z. P., Lew-Levy, S., & Crittenden, A. N. (2019). Physical activity and time budgets of Hadza forager children: Implications for self-provisioning and the ontogeny of the sexual division of labor. American Journal of Human Biology, 31. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23209
• Inter-and intra-cultural variation in learning-through-participation among Hadza and BaYaka forager children and adolescents from Tanzania and Congo
  
  Lew-Levy, S., Crittenden, A. N., Boyette, A. H., Mabulla, I. A., Hewlett, B. S., & Lamb, M. E. (2019). Inter-and intra-cultural variation in learning-through-participation among Hadza and BaYaka forager children and adolescents from Tanzania and Congo. Journal of Psychology in Africa, 29(4), 309-318. https://doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2019.1647957
• Dimensions of Fatherhood in a Congo Basin Village: A Multimethod Analysis of Intracultural Variation in Men's Parenting and Its Relevance for Child Health
  
  Boyette, A. H., Lew-Levy, S., & Gettler, L. T. (2018). Dimensions of Fatherhood in a Congo Basin Village: A Multimethod Analysis of Intracultural Variation in Men’s Parenting and Its Relevance for Child Health. Current Anthropology, 59, 839--847. https://doi.org/10.1086/700717
• How Do Hunter-Gatherer Children Learn Social and Gender Norms? A Meta-Ethnographic Review
  
  Lew-Levy, S., Lavi, N., Reckin, R., Cristόbal-Azkarate J., & Ellis-Davies, K. (2018). How Do Hunter-Gatherer Children Learn Social and Gender Norms? A Meta-Ethnographic Review. Cross-Cultural Research, 52, 213--255. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069397117723552
• Evidence for the Adaptive Learning Function of Work and Work-Themed Play among Aka Forager and Ngandu Farmer Children from the Congo Basin
  
  Lew-Levy, S., & Boyette, A. H. (2018). Evidence for the Adaptive Learning Function of Work and Work-Themed Play among Aka Forager and Ngandu Farmer Children from the Congo Basin. Human Nature, 29, 157--185. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12110-018-9314-6
• How Do Hunter-Gatherer Children Learn Subsistence Skills? A meta-ethnographic review
  
  Lew-Levy, S., Reckin, R., Lavi, N., Cristόbal-Azkarate J., & Ellis-Davies, K. (2017). How Do Hunter-Gatherer Children Learn Subsistence Skills? A meta-ethnographic review. Human Nature, 28, 367--394. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12110-017-9302-2
• Growing Under an Acacia Tree: An Open Letter on How to Raise an Anthropologist
  
  Timler, K., & Lew-Levy, S. (2016). Growing Under an Acacia Tree: An Open Letter on How to Raise an Anthropologist. Journal, 6. https://doi.org/10.22582/ta.v6i0.430
• Paths of least resistance: Food, abundance, and politics of indistinction in a foraging household
  
  Lew-Levy, S. (2013). Paths of least resistance: Food, abundance, and politics of indistinction in a foraging household. Fields-Terrains, 3, 30--37.