LLM
LLM International Environmental Law
Develop the legal skills and knowledge needed to address key issues around major global challenges such as environmental degradation, biodiversity loss, climate change and pollution.
How to apply Apply via UCAS
Course details
Start date
Degree type
LLM
Program code
M1KG16
Course length
1 year full-time
Tuition Fees
- Home (full-time): £13,600 per year
- International (full-time): £29,600 per year
Overview
Our LLM in International Environmental Law equips you with the skills and knowledge to make your own contribution to how governments and organisations are seeking to address the profound environment and climate challenges that are having a massive impact on the lives of people around the world.
You will learn about legal techniques and instruments such as treaty-making, governance and legal orders that provide the framework on which internationally agreed environmental goals are based and which support action taken to tackle issues such as environmental degradation, biodiversity loss and climate change, ozone depletion and plastic pollution.
You will also learn about renewable energy and the role of carbon markets and trading regimes and, as well as climate litigation, you will study the crucial human rights dimension in the protection of the environment and the role of the judiciary in governing action taken and changes made.
The course is delivered against a backdrop of the 2030 UN Sustainable Development Goals and will look at international treaties on environmental protection and at the science driving legal developments, providing you with in-depth learning on the principles of international environmental law and on the relationship between legal systems and science in developing such law.
In particular, you will study the Paris Agreement, which represents a significant milestone in the area of international climate change and will look at the objectives and concepts of the agreement in the context of societal change, equity, and the role of science.
The course is designed to address how international environmental law is constantly evolving, how it has shaped legal principles, and how it works together with other areas of law.
Course details
Start date
Degree type
LLM
Program code
M1KG16
Course length
1 year full-time
Tuition Fees
- Home (full-time): £13,600 per year
- International (full-time): £29,600 per year
What you'll study
Core modules
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provides specialised knowledge on the latest research methods and skills used in legal studies as well as an advanced understanding of their strengths and weaknesses and of their relevance for different forms of legal research. The module also creates a framework within which you will be able to critically assess potential research topics and, importantly, where you will be able to design, discuss and develop a detailed research proposal of the appropriate standard for your dissertation.
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The is based on your particular research interest in an area of international environmental law and can be of one of two lengths – 10,000 or 15,000 words. It is equivalent to 2 or 2.5 modules, depending on word count.
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will familiarise you with the institutions, structures, norms, rules and principles across the globe which seek to govern the relationship between human beings and the environment and the module will enable you to understand their legal nature and functions and the barriers to further achievement. You will also analyse the achievements and challenges of the legal attempts to govern the global environment.
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introduces the topic of climate change, seen as a common concern of humankind and a complex global challenge that involves law, policy and science. You will learn to understand the wider socio-legal context in which climate law and policy is embedded, including aspects of energy law, an ecological perspective on climate impacts and an awareness of the wide-ranging consequences of climate change. You will also study the impact of science on law and policy making on climate change and will learn about contemporary political and legal responses to the issue.
Optional modules
Depending on the dissertation length and prior subject knowledge, you can choose a number of subject specific optional modules (* indicates half modules) which in previous years have included:
- Advanced Issues in Human Rights
- Advanced Issues in International Intellectual Property Law
- Advanced Issue in International Economic Law
- Frontiers in Biolaw
- Fundamentals of International Law
- Law of the Sea
- Protection of Human Rights in Europe
- Renewable Energy
Any remaining options can be chosen from a wider selection of law modules which have previously included:
- Advanced Issues in Corporate Law
- Advanced Issues in International Economic Law
- China and the International Legal Order
- Comparative Corporate Governance
- Consumption Tax Law and Policy
- International Investment Law
- International Perspectives on Law and Gender
- Introduction to EU Law
- Protection of Human Rights in Europe
Learning
Learning on the course will be through a mixture of lecture-style teaching and through seminars, and there is also a dissertation to complete.
Lectures will introduce key subjects and will highlight the existing debates and discussions around them. Seminars will be smaller-sized classes which will develop the subjects introduced in the lectures and enable you to build your knowledge through discussion in a relaxed and supportive atmosphere. You will be expected to carry out your own independent study in preparation for the seminars which will also aim to enhance your communications skills as you will present your findings.
In addition to taught modules, you must produce a dissertation which is the product of your own independent research. Depending on the route chosen your dissertation can be anywhere between 10,000 and 15,000 words.
We are home to the Sustainable Development Research Centre and as a student on the LLM in International Environmental Law you will also be invited to join with activities in the research centre.
Read moreAssessment
Assessment on the LLM is thorough and carried out through writing tasks with the majority of the modules assessed through essays of 3,000-6,000 words in length. The core module on applied research methods will be assessed on a proposal you will present for a research topic. You will present a dissertation on an area of international environmental law of interest to you of up to 15,000 words.Entry requirements
To learn more about the qualifications we typically accept, please select your country from the drop-down menu below.
| Entry requirements | A good 2:1 degree (or its equivalent) in law, or in a degree in which law is a major component.
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Neither the Albanian Dëftesë Pjekurie (Secondary School Leaving Certificate) nor the Diplomë e Maturës Shtetërore (Diploma of State Matura) are currently accepted for direct entry to any of our bachelor degree programmes. Candidates should take a foundation course, or other suitable programme such as A-levels.
The Baccalauréat de l'Enseignement Secondaire (School Certificate) qualification is not suitable for direct entry into year one of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).
A Level | Titol de Batxiller |
A*A*A | Overall 9 |
A*AA | Overall 9 |
AAA | Overall 9 |
AAB | Overall 9 |
ABB | Overall 9 |
BBB | Overall 9 |
The Angolan High School Certificate (Ensino Geral Certificado de Habilitações) qualification is not suitable for direct entry into year one of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).
Título de Bachiller is not suitable for direct entry. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry.
Applicants who have successfully completed Year 1 of their undergraduate degree at good, recognised Argentinian institutions with good grades could also be considered for direct entry on a case-by-case basis.
The Armenian Certificate of Secondary General Education alone is not accepted for undergraduate direct entry to any of our bachelor degree programmes. Candidates should take a foundation course, or other suitable programme such as A-levels.
A Level | Araratian Baccalaureate | Two years at an Armenian University |
A*A*A | A*A*A in extended level subjects | An average of 80% or a GPA of 3.3/4.0 |
A*AA | A*AA in extended level subjects | |
AAA | AAA in extended level subjects | |
AAB | AAB in extended level subjects | |
ABB | ABB in extended level subjects |
A Level | Reifeprüfung / Matura (Allgemeinbildende Hoehere Schule) |
A*A*A | Pass with high distinction (Mit ausgezeichnetem Erfolg bestanden) with the majority of subjects at grade 1 (sehr gut). |
A*AA | Pass with high distinction (Mit ausgezeichnetem Erfolg bestanden) with the majority of subjects at grade 1 (sehr gut). |
AAA | Pass with high distinction (Mit ausgezeichnetem Erfolg bestanden) with the majority of subjects at grade 1 (sehr gut). |
AAB | Pass with high distinction (Mit ausgezeichnetem Erfolg bestanden) with the majority of subjects at grade 1 (sehr gut). |
ABB | Pass with distinction (mit gutem erfolg bestanden) with the majority of subjects at least grade 2. |
BBB | Pass with distinction (mit gutem erfolg bestanden) with the majority of subjects at least grade 2. |
Please contact the team at: Africa.Team@durham.ac.uk
A*A*A | Year 1 of a Bachelor degree at a recognised Bangladeshi university with GPA 3.5. |
A*AA | Year 1 of a Bachelor degree at a recognised Bangladeshi university with GPA 3.5. |
AAA | Year 1 of a Bachelor degree at a recognised Bangladeshi university with GPA 3.25. |
AAB | Year 1 of a Bachelor degree at a recognised Bangladeshi university with GPA 3.25. |
ABB | Year 1 of a Bachelor degree at a recognised Bangladeshi university with GPA 3.25. |
The Higher Secondary Certificate is not suitable for direct entry. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry. |
The Атэстат аб агульнай сярэдняй адукацыi (Certificate of General Secondary Education) is not accepted for undergraduate direct entry to any of our bachelor degree programmes. Candidates should take a foundation course, or other suitable programme such as A-levels.
A Level | Diploma van Hoger Secundair Onderwijs/Certificat d'Enseignement Secondaire Supérieur/Abschlusszeugnis der Oberstufe des Sekundarunterrichts |
A*A*A | 85% or 8.5/10 or 18/20 overall with minimum of 90% or 9/10 or 19/20 in three subjects |
A*AA | 85% or 8.5/10 or 18/20 overall |
AAA | 80% or 8/10 or 17/20 overall |
AAB | 80% or 8/10 or 17/20 overall |
ABB | 70% or 7/10 or 15/20 overall |
BBB | 70% or 7/10 or 15/20 overall |
The Benin High School Certificate qualification is not suitable for direct entry into first year of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).
Diploma de Bachiller is not suitable for direct entry. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry.
Applicants who have successfully completed Year 1 of their undergraduate degree at good, recognised Bolivian institutions with good grades could also be considered for direct entry on a case-by-case basis.
The Cambridge Overseas School Certificate and Botswana General Certificate of Education (BGCSE) Certificate qualification are not suitable for direct entry into year one of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).
A Level | Diploma o položenom maturskom ispitu (RS) / Diploma o završenoj srednjoj školi (FiBH) (Secondary School Leaving Diploma) |
A*A*A | 4.8 overall |
A*AA | 4.6 overall |
AAA | 4.4 overall |
AAB | 4.2 overall |
ABB | 4.0 overall |
The Certificado de Ensino Médio is not suitable for direct entry. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry.
Applicants who have successfully completed Year 1 of their undergraduate degree at good, recognised Brazilian institutions with good grades could also be considered for direct entry on a case-by-case basis.
- The Basic Education High School examination/matriculation is not sufficient for direct entry onto an undergraduate programme at Durham. IB and A Levels will be considered
- Cambridge GCE ‘A’ levels – grades at departmental level in three subjects (A*A*A – ABB)
- International Baccalaureate (38-34 points)
- A recognised UK Foundation Programme
- IELTS score of band 6.5 – 7.0 (no element below band 6.0) or equivalent.
Diploma za Sredno Obrazovanie (Diploma of Completed Secondary Education)
A Level | Diploma za Sredno Obrazovanie |
A*A*A | 5.8 overall, to include 3 state examinations, with 5.85 specified subjects |
A*AA | 5.7 overall, to include 3 state examinations, with 5.85 in specified subjects |
AAA | 5.6 overall, to include 3 state examinations, with 5.75 in specified subjects |
AAB | 5.5 overall, to include 3 state examinations, with 5.75 in specified subjects |
ABB | 5.4 overall, to include 3 state examinations, with 5.65 in specified subjects |
The Burkina Faso Secondary School Certificate is not suitable for direct entry into year one of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).
The Burundian Diplôme d’État and Diplôme d’Humanités Générales high school qualifications are not suitable for direct entry into first year of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).
A*A*A | Associates Degree with overall score of 88% or better. |
A*AA | Associates Degree with overall score of 85% or better. |
AAA | Associates Degree with overall score of 83% or better. |
AAB | Associates Degree with overall score of 81% or better. |
ABB | Associates Degree with overall score of 80% or better. |
We accept the following qualifications for direct entry to Undergraduate courses:
- Cameroon GCE Advanced Level (Anglophone System)
- Applicants with French Baccalaureat: please see our standard France entry requirements.
Qualification Accepted:
A Level | Cameroon GCE A-levels |
A*A*A | 17 |
A*AA | 16 |
AAA | 15 |
AAB | 14 |
ABB | 13 |
A-level single grade equivalencies:
A Level Grade | Equivalent Cameroon GCE Advanced Level Grade |
A* | A at Advanced Level |
A | A at Advanced Level |
B | B at Advanced Level |
GCSE single grade equivalencies:
GCSE subject requirement | Equivalent qualification Cameroon GCE Ordinary Level |
A* or A | A at Ordinary Level |
B | B at Ordinary Level |
C | C at Ordinary Level |
Alberta
A*A*A | An average of 90% across 5 grade 12 academic subjects numbered 30/31 (including 88% in Maths 30-1 for programmes that require A level Maths). |
A*AA | An average of 88% across 5 grade 12 academic subjects numbered 30/31 (including 88% in Maths 30-1 for programmes that require A level Maths). |
AAA | An average of 86% across 5 grade 12 academic subjects numbered 30/31 (including 88% in Maths 30-1 for programmes that require A level Maths). |
AAB | An average of 84% across 5 grade 12 academic subjects numbered 30/31 (including 88% in Maths 30-1 for programmes that require A level Maths). |
ABB | An average of 80% across 5 grade 12 academic subjects numbered 30/31 (including 88% in Maths 30-1 for programmes that require A level Maths). |
British Columbia
A*A*A | An average of 90% across 5 grade 12 subjects (including 88% in Grade 12 Pre-Calculus for programmes that require A level Maths). |
A*AA | An average of 88% across 5 grade 12 subjects (including 88% in Grade 12 Pre-Calculus for programmes that require A level Maths). |
AAA | An average of 86% across 5 grade 12 subjects (including 88% in Grade 12 Pre-Calculus for programmes that require A level Maths). |
AAB | An average of 84% across 5 grade 12 subjects (including 88% in Grade 12 Pre-Calculus for programmes that require A level Maths). |
ABB | An average of 80% across 5 grade 12 subjects (including 88% in Grade 12 Pre-Calculus for programmes that require A level Maths). |
Manitoba
A*A*A | An average of 90% in English 40S, and across at least 4 other courses at level 40S or 40G (including 88% in pre-Calculus 40S for programmes that require A level Maths). |
A*AA | An average of 88% in English 40S, and across at least 4 other courses at level 40S or 40G (including 88% in pre-Calculus 40S for programmes that require A level Maths). |
AAA | An average of 86% in English 40S, and across at least 4 other courses at level 40S or 40G (including 88% in pre-Calculus 40S for programmes that require A level Maths). |
AAB | An average of 84% in English 40S, and across at least 4 other courses at level 40S or 40G (including 88% in pre-Calculus 40S for programmes that require A level Maths). |
ABB | An average of 80% in English 40S, and across at least 4 other courses at level 40S or 40G (including 88% in pre-Calculus 40S for programmes that require A level Maths). |
New Brunswick
A*A*A | An average of 90% across 5 college preparatory courses: 120, 121 or 122 (including 88% in Grade 12 Pre-Calculus A120/B120 for programmes that require A level Maths). |
A*AA | An average of 88% across 5 college preparatory courses: 120, 121 or 122 (including 88% in Grade 12 Pre-Calculus A120/B120 for programmes that require A level Maths). |
AAA | An average of 86% across 5 college preparatory courses: 120, 121 or 122 (including 88% in Grade 12 Pre-Calculus A120/B120 for programmes that require A level Maths). |
AAB | An average of 84% across 5 college preparatory courses: 120, 121 or 122 (including 88% in Grade 12 Pre-Calculus A120/B120 for programmes that require A level Maths). |
ABB | An average of 80% across 5 college preparatory courses: 120, 121 or 122 (including 88% in Grade 12 Pre-Calculus A120/B120 for programmes that require A level Maths). |
Newfoundland
A*A*A | Overall average of 90% in grade 12 courses (including 88% in Maths for programmes that require A level Maths). |
A*AA | Overall average of 88% in grade 12 courses (including 88% in Maths for programmes that require A level Maths). |
AAA | Overall average of 86% in grade 12 courses (including 88% in Maths for programmes that require A level Maths). |
AAB | Overall average of 84% in grade 12 courses (including 88% in Maths for programmes that require A level Maths). |
ABB | Overall average of 80% in grade 12 courses (including 88% in Maths for programmes that require A level Maths). |
Nova Scotia
A*A*A | An average of 90% across 5 grade 12 subjects (university preparatory academic or advanced) (including 88% in Grade 12 Pre-Calculus for programmes that require A level Maths). |
A*AA | An average of 88% across 5 grade 12 subjects (university preparatory academic or advanced) (including 88% in Grade 12 Pre-Calculus for programmes that require A level Maths). |
AAA | An average of 86% across 5 grade 12 subjects (university preparatory academic or advanced) (including 88% in Grade 12 Pre-Calculus for programmes that require A level Maths). |
AAB | An average of 84% across 5 grade 12 subjects (university preparatory academic or advanced) (including 88% in Grade 12 Pre-Calculus for programmes that require A level Maths). |
ABB | An average of 80% across 5 grade 12 subjects (university preparatory academic or advanced) (including 88% in Grade 12 Pre-Calculus for programmes that require A level Maths). |
Ontario
A*A*A | An average of 90% across 6 Grade 12 4U or 4M courses (including 88% in Grade 12 Advanced Functions (MHF4U-C), or Calculus and Vectors (MCV4U-A), or Mathematics of Data Management (MDM4U-B) for programmes that require A level Maths). |
A*AA | An average of 88% across 6 Grade 12 4U or 4M courses (including 88% in Grade 12 Advanced Functions (MHF4U-C), or Calculus and Vectors (MCV4U-A), or Mathematics of Data Management (MDM4U-B) for programmes that require A level Maths). |
AAA | An average of 86% across 6 Grade 12 4U or 4M courses (including 88% in Grade 12 Advanced Functions (MHF4U-C), or Calculus and Vectors (MCV4U-A), or Mathematics of Data Management (MDM4U-B) for programmes that require A level Maths). |
AAB | An average of 84% across 6 Grade 12 4U or 4M courses (including 88% in Grade 12 Advanced Functions (MHF4U-C), or Calculus and Vectors (MCV4U-A), or Mathematics of Data Management (MDM4U-B) for programmes that require A level Maths). |
ABB | An average of 80% across 6 Grade 12 4U or 4M courses (including 88% in Grade 12 Advanced Functions (MHF4U-C), or Calculus and Vectors (MCV4U-A), or Mathematics of Data Management (MDM4U-B) for programmes that require A level Maths). |
Prince Edward Island
A*A*A | An average of 90% across 5 Grade 12 academic subjects (including 88% in Advanced Calculus for programmes that require A level Maths). |
A*AA | An average of 88% across 5 Grade 12 academic subjects (including 88% in Advanced Calculus for programmes that require A level Maths). |
AAA | An average of 86% across 5 Grade 12 academic subjects (including 88% in Advanced Calculus for programmes that require A level Maths). |
AAB | An average of 84% across 5 Grade 12 academic subjects (including 88% in Advanced Calculus for programmes that require A level Maths). |
ABB | An average of 80% across 5 Grade 12 academic subjects (including 88% in Advanced Calculus for programmes that require A level Maths). |
Quebec
A*A*A | A minimum of 12 academic semester credits in the DEC, with an average of 90% or better including English (88% or better in Calculus 1 and 2 for programmes that require A level Maths). |
A*AA | A minimum of 12 academic semester credits in the DEC, with an average of 88% or better including English (88% or better in Calculus 1 and 2 for programmes that require A level Maths). |
AAA | A minimum of 12 academic semester credits in the DEC, with an average of 86% or better including English (88% or better in Calculus 1 and 2 for programmes that require A level Maths). |
AAB | A minimum of 12 academic semester credits in the DEC, with an average of 84% or better including English (88% or better in Calculus 1 and 2 for programmes that require A level Maths). |
ABB | A minimum of 12 academic semester credits in the DEC, with an average of 80% or better including English (88% or better in Calculus 1 and 2 for programmes that require A level Maths). |
Saskatchewan
A*A*A | An average of 90% across 5 academic courses at the 30 level including English A30 and English B30 (88% in Pre-Calculus 30 for programmes that require A level Maths). |
A*AA | An average of 88% across 5 academic courses at the 30 level including English A30 and English B30 (88% in Pre-Calculus 30 for programmes that require A level Maths). |
AAA | An average of 86% across 5 academic courses at the 30 level including English A30 and English B30 (88% in Pre-Calculus 30 for programmes that require A level Maths). |
AAB | An average of 84% across 5 academic courses at the 30 level including English A30 and English B30 (88% in Pre-Calculus 30 for programmes that require A level Maths). |
ABB | An average of 80% across 5 academic courses at the 30 level including English A30 and English B30 (88% in Pre-Calculus 30 for programmes that require A level Maths). |
Yukon Territory
A*A*A | An average of 90% across 5 grade 12 subjects including English 12 (88% in Pre-Calculus 12 for programmes that require A level Maths). |
A*AA | An average of 89% across 5 grade 12 subjects including English 12 (88% in Pre-Calculus 12 for programmes that require A level Maths). |
AAA | An average of 87% across 5 grade 12 subjects including English 12 (88% in Pre-Calculus 12 for programmes that require A level Maths). |
AAB | An average of 86% across 5 grade 12 subjects including English 12 (88% in Pre-Calculus 12 for programmes that require A level Maths). |
ABB | An average of 85% across 5 grade 12 subjects including English 12 (88% in Pre-Calculus 12 for programmes that require A level Maths). |
The Certificado de Habiltações Literárias 3°Ciclo is not suitable for direct entry into year one of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).
Caribbean Advanced Proficiency Examination (CAPE) | A*A*A | Grade I in at least three 2-Unit courses. |
A*AA | Grade I in at least three 2-Unit courses. | |
AAA | Grade I in at least three 2-Unit courses. | |
AAB | Grade I in at least two 2-Unit courses and Grade II in an additional 2-Unit course. | |
ABB | Grade I in at least one 2-Unit course and Grade II in two additional 2-Unit courses. |
The Licencia de Educación/Enseñanza Media is not suitable for direct entry. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry.
Applicants who have successfully completed Year 1 of their undergraduate degree at good, recognised Chilean institutions with good grades could also be considered for direct entry on a case-by-case basis.
Gaokao (National College Entrance Examination) is accepted for direct entry applications of the science faculty - including with minimum 80% overall average, 80% in Mathematics if required at A Level, plus IELTS at departmental level.
Applications from students who pass year one of bachelor’s degree from a recognised university in a relevant subject with an overall grade of 85% will be considered for direct entry.
Ambright Aptitude Scholastic Tests (AST) is accepted for direct entry applications of programmes including Biosciences, Chemistry, Computer Science, Earth Sciences, Education, Engineering, Mathematical Sciences, Physics, Psychology, Criminology, Sociology, Anthropology, Geography, Philosophy, Sport and exercise science, Classics, and Visual arts and film. We will consider applications from students who achieved 220 in English and Mathematics and 230 in Physics (if taken) and Huikao or National Senior High School Certificate (from Provinces where the Huikao is not offered) with a grade average of above 80% (A, Excellent) - including 85% in relevant subjects where required at A level, plus IELTS at departmental level.
The Titulo de Bachiller is not suitable for direct entry. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry, please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information.
Applicants who have successfully completed Year 1 of their undergraduate degree at good, recognised Colombian institutions with good grades could also be considered for direct entry on a case-by-case basis.
The Côte d'Ivoire Baccalauréat (School Certificate) qualification is not suitable for direct entry into the first year of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).
A Level | Svjedodžba o Maturi (Certificate of Maturity) in conjunction with the Drzavna Matura |
A*A*A | 5 overall in the Svjedodžba, with at least 5 at Higher Level in required subjects in the Drzavna Matura. At least three exams must be taken at Higher Level and a minimum grade of 4 should be achieved in any additional subjects. |
A*AA | 4.9 overall in the Svjedodžba, with at least 5 at Higher Level in required subjects in the Drzavna Matura. At least three exams must be taken at Higher Level and a minimum grade of 4 should be achieved in any additional subjects. |
AAA | 4.8 overall in the Svjedodžba, with at least 4.75 at Higher Level in required subjects in the Drzavna Matura. At least three exams must be taken at Higher Level and a minimum grade of 4 should be achieved in any additional subjects. |
AAB | 4.7 overall in the Svjedodžba, with at least 4.75 at Higher Level in required subjects in the Drzavna Matura. At least three exams must be taken at Higher Level and a minimum grade of 4 should be achieved in any additional subjects. |
ABB | 4.6 overall in the Svjedodžba, with at least 4.75 at Higher Level in required subjects in the Drzavna Matura. At least three exams must be taken at Higher Level and a minimum grade of 4 should be achieved in any additional subjects. |
Título de Bachiller is not suitable for direct entry. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).
Applicants who have successfully completed Year 1 of their undergraduate degree at good, recognised Cuban institutions with good grades could also be considered for direct entry on a case-by-case basis.
A Level | Apolytirion of Lykeion |
A*A*A | 19/20 or above in the Apolytirion and 2 A-levels with grades between A*-B |
A*AA | 18.5/20 or above in the Apolytirion and 2 A-levels with grades between A*-B |
AAA | |
AAB | |
ABB |
A Level | Maturitni Zkouška / Maturita (minimum of four subjects) |
A*A*A | 1 in three subjects, with 2 or better in all other subjects, with 1 in required subjects. |
A*AA | 1 in the majority of subjects, with 2 or better in all other subjects, with 1 in required subjects. |
AAA | 1 in the majority of subjects, with 2 or better in all other subjects, with 1 in required subjects. |
AAB | 2 or better in all subjects, with 1 in required subjects. |
ABB | 2 or better in all subjects, with 1 in required subjects. |
The DRC high school certificate qualifications such the Diplôme d'État d'Études Secondaires du Cycle Long are not suitable for direct entry into first year of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).
A Level | Studentereksamen (STX, HHX or HTX or HF) |
A*A*A | an average of 10 overall with 10 in at least four level A subjects, including 12 in required subjects. |
A*AA | an average of 10 overall with 10 in at least four level A subjects, including 12 in required subjects. |
AAA | an average of 10 overall with 10 in at least three level A subjects, including 12 in required subjects, and at least 8 in another level A subject. |
AAB | an average of 10 overall with 10 in at least three level A subjects, including 12 in required subjects, and at least 8 in another level A subject. |
ABB | an average of 10 overall with 10 in at least two level A subjects, including 10 in required subjects, and at least 8 in two other level A subjects. |
The Egyptian Al-Thanawaya Al-Amah (Secondary School Leaving Certificate) is not suitable for direct entry into first year of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).
The Eritrean Secondary Education Certificate Examination fis not suitable for direct entry into year one of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).
A Level | Gümnaasiumi lõputunnistus (Secondary School Certificate) including the Rligieksum |
A*A*A | Overall score of 5 in the Gumnaasiumi loputunnistus with scores of 95%, 95%, 90% in 3 state (Riigeksam) exams and a minimum of 90% in required subjects. |
A*AA | Overall score of 5 in the Gumnaasiumi loputunnistus with scores of 95%, 90%, 90% in 3 state (Riigeksam) exams and a minimum of 90% in required subjects. |
AAA | Overall score of 5 in the Gumnaasiumi loputunnistus with scores of with scores of 90%, 90%, 90% in 3 state (Riigeksam) exams and a minimum of 90% in required subjects. |
AAB | Overall score of 4.5 in the Gumnaasiumi loputunnistus with scores of 90%, 90%, 85% in 3 state (Riigeksam) exams |
ABB | Overall score of 4.5 in the Gumnaasiumi loputunnistus with scores of 90%, 90%, 85% in 3 state (Riigeksam) exams and a minimum of 90% in required subjects. |
The Eswatini General Certificate of Secondary Education qualification is not suitable for direct entry into year one of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).
The Ethiopian Secondary School Leaving Certificate Examination qualification is not suitable for direct entry into year one of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).
Applicants who have completed two years of a bachelor’s degree from an Ethiopian university in a relevant subject can be considered for entrance to undergraduate programmes.
Qualifications accepted:
A Level | Two years of a bachelor’s degree from Ethiopian university |
A*A*A | ‘A’ grade or 4.0/4.0 GPA |
A*AA | |
AAA | |
AAB | |
ABB |
A Level | Ylioppilastutkinto / studentexamen |
A*A*A | Pass with 7776 in four subjects with 7 in required subjects. |
A*AA | |
AAA | Pass with 7766 in four subjects with a minimum of 6 in required subjects. |
AAB | Pass with 7666 in four subjects with a minimum of 6 in required subjects. |
ABB | Pass with 6666 in four subjects with a minimum of 6 in required subjects. |
A Level | Baccalaureate General (including Option International du Baccalaureate, OIB) |
A*A*A | 17 Très bien overall – minimum of 17 in required subjects. |
A*AA | 16 Très bien overall – minimum of 16 in required subjects. |
AAA | 15 Bien overall – minimum of 16 in required subjects. |
AAB | 14 Bien overall – minimum of 15 in required subjects. |
ABB | 14 Bien overall – minimum of 14 in required subjects. |
The Gambian School Certificate qualification is not suitable for direct entry into year one of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).
Applicants who have successfully completed the first year of a Gambian university bachelor’s degree can be considered for admission to the first year of our bachelor’s degree programmes.
Qualifications accepted:
A Level | Year one of bachelor’s degree from a Gambian University |
A*A*A | 90% average |
A*AA | 80% |
AAA | 70% |
AAB | 65% |
ABB | 60% |
The General Education Diploma (Sashualo Ganatlebis Atestasi) is not currently accepted for direct entry to any of our bachelor degree programmes. Candidates should take a foundation course, or other suitable programme such as A-levels.
A Level | Abitur |
A*A*A | At least 1.2 overall with minimum 13/15 in required subjects at Higher Level (Leistungkurse) |
A*AA | At least 1.4 overall with minimum 13/15 in required subjects at Higher Level (Leistungkurse) |
AAA | At least 1.6 overall with minimum 12/15 in required subjects at Higher Level (Leistungkurse) |
AAB | At least 1.8 overall with minimum 12/15 in required subjects at Higher Level (Leistungkurse) |
ABB | At least 2.0 overall with minimum 12/15 in required subjects at Higher Level (Leistungkurse) |
The Ghanian Senior School Certificate or the West African Senior School Certificate qualification is not suitable for direct entry into year one of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).
A Level | Apolytirion of Lykeion |
A*A*A | 19/20 or above in the Apolytirion and 2 A-levels with grades between A*-B |
A*AA | 18.5/20 or above in the Apolytirion and 2 A-levels with grades between A*-B |
AAA | |
AAB | |
ABB |
HKDSE
A*A*A | 5* 5* 5 in three subjects from any combination of Group A Electives, Core Mathematics, and Core English Language. |
A*AA | 5* 5 5 in three subjects from any combination of Group A Electives, Core Mathematics, and Core English Language. |
AAA | 5 5 5 in three subjects from any combination of Group A Electives, Core Mathematics, and Core English Language. |
AAB | 5 5 4 in three subjects from any combination of Group A Electives, Core Mathematics, and Core English Language. |
ABB | 5 4 4 in three subjects from any combination of Group A Electives, Core Mathematics, and Core English Language. |
For subjects requiring a Maths A level.
A*A*A | 5* 5* 5* 5 from two Group A Electives plus Core Mathematics and Extended Maths (M1 or M2) OR 5* 5* 5* 5 one Group A Elective plus Core English Language plus Core Mathematics and Extended Maths (M1 or M2) |
A*AA | 5* 5* 5 5 from two Group A Electives plus Core Mathematics and Extended Maths (M1 or M2) OR 5* 5* 5 5 one Group A Elective plus Core English Language plus Core Mathematics and Extended Maths (M1 or M2) |
AAA | 5 5 5 5 from two Group A Electives plus Core Mathematics and Extended Maths (M1 or M2) OR 5 5 5 5 one Group A Elective plus Core English Language plus Core Mathematics and Extended Maths (M1 or M2) |
AAB | 5 5 5 4 from two Group A Electives plus Core Mathematics and Extended Maths (M1 or M2) OR 5 5 5 4 one Group A Elective plus Core English Language plus Core Mathematics and Extended Maths (M1 or M2) |
ABB | Not Applicable |
Associates Degree
A*A*A | Associates Degree with GPA of 3.4 or higher. |
A*AA | Associates Degree with GPA of 3.3 or higher. |
AAA | Associates Degree with GPA of 3.2 or higher. |
AAB | Associates Degree with GPA of 3.2 or higher. |
ABB | Associates Degree with GPA of 3.0 or higher. |
A Level | Erettsegi / Matura |
A*A*A | 5 final subjects taken in the Hungarian Matura. 95%, 90% in two Advanced level subjects and 85%, 85%, 80% in three Intermediate level subjects |
A*AA | 5 final subjects taken in the Hungarian Matura. 90%, 90% in two Advanced level subjects and 85%, 80%, 80% in three Intermediate level subjects |
AAA | 5 final subjects taken in the Hungarian Matura. 85%, 85% in two Advanced level subjects and 80%, 80%, 80% in three Intermediate level subjects |
AAB | 5 final subjects taken in the Hungarian Matura. 80%, 80% in two Advanced level subjects and 80%, 80%, 75% in three Intermediate level subjects |
ABB | 5 final subjects taken in the Hungarian Matura. 80%, 80% in two Advanced level subjects and 80%, 80%, 75% in three Intermediate level subjects |
A Level | Studentsprof (from Gymnasium) |
A*A*A | Overall average score of 9/10 with 9 in required subjects |
A*AA | Overall average score of 8.5/10 with 8.5 in required subjects |
AAA | Overall average score of 8/10 with 8.5 in required subjects |
AAB | Overall average score of 8/10 with 8 in required subjects |
ABB | Overall average score of 7.5/10 with 8 in required subjects |
Standard XII
A*A*A | Standard XII with an average score of 90% (best of 4 academic subjects) with any prerequisite subjects at 87% or higher. |
A*AA | Standard XII with an average score of 87% (best of 4 academic subjects) with any prerequisite subjects at 85% or higher. |
AAA | Standard XII with an average score of 85% (best of 4 academic subjects) with any prerequisite subjects at 85% or higher. |
AAB | Standard XII with an average score of 84% (best of 4 academic subjects) with any prerequisite subjects at 85% or higher. |
ABB | Standard XII with an average score of 83% (best of 4 academic subjects) with any prerequisite subjects at 85% or higher. |
Note: Standard XII from CBSE or CISCE Boards and some State Boards only are accepted for entry. State Boards considered on a case by case basis.
A Level | Indonesian First Year Degree | Diploma 2 or Diploma 3 |
A*A*A | Pass year 1 of a Bachelor’s degree from a recognised university in a relevant subject with average grades of 3 out of 4. | Pass Diploma II (D2) or Diploma III (D3) with GPA of 8 out of 10. |
A*AA | Pass year 1 of a Bachelors degree from a recognised university in a relevant subject with average grades of 3 out of 4. | Pass Diploma II (D2) or Diploma III (D3) with GPA of 8 out of 10. |
AAA | Pass year 1 of a Bachelors degree from a recognised university in a relevant subject with average grades of 3 out of 4. | Pass Diploma II (D2) or Diploma III (D3) with GPA of 7 out of 10. |
AAB | Pass year 1 of a Bachelors degree from a recognised university in a relevant subject with average grades of 3 out of 4. | Pass Diploma II (D2) or Diploma III (D3) with GPA of 6 out of 10. |
ABB | Pass year 1 of a Bachelors degree from a recognised university in a relevant subject with average grades of 3 out of 4. | Pass Diploma II (D2) or Diploma III (D3) with GPA of 6 out of 10. |
The Certificate of Preparatory Education or Sixth Form Baccalaureat are not suitable for direct entry. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry.
A Level | Irish Leaving Certificate (Higher level) |
A*A*A | H1,H1,H1,H2,H2,H2 including H1 in required subjects. |
A*AA | H1,H1,H2,H2,H2,H2 including H1 in required subjects. |
AAA | H1,H2,H2,H2,H2,H2 including H2 in required subjects. |
AAB | H2,H2,H2,H2,H2,H3 including H2 in required subjects. |
ABB | H2,H2,H2,H3,H3,H3 including H2 in required subjects. |
Matriculation Certificate (Bagrut) | A*A*A | Overall score of 90% and three level 5 subjects with minimum scores of 80% each |
A*AA | Overall score of 90% and three level 5 subjects with scores of 80% each. | |
AAA | Overall score of 90% and three level 5 subjects with scores of 75% each | |
AAB | Overall score of 85% and three level 5 subjects with scores of 75% each | |
ABB | Overall score of 80% and three level 5 subjects with scores of 75% each |
A Level | Esame di Stato |
A*A*A | Overall average grade of 97% or above, with 90% in required subjects. |
A*AA | Overall average grade of 95% or above, with 90% in required subjects. |
AAA | Overall average grade of 92% or above, with 90% in required subjects. |
AAB | Overall average grade of 88% or above, with 90% in required subjects. |
ABB | Overall average grade of 85% or above, with 85% in required subjects. |
A*A*A | Pass year 1 of a Bachelors degree from a recognised university in a relevant subject with an overall grade of 85%. |
A*AA | Pass year 1 of a Bachelors degree from a recognised university in a relevant subject with an overall grade of 85%. |
AAA | Pass year 1 of a Bachelors degree from a recognised university in a relevant subject with an overall grade of 85%. |
AAB | Pass year 1 of a Bachelors degree from a recognised university in a relevant subject with an overall grade of 80%. |
ABB | Pass year 1 of a Bachelors degree from a recognised university in a relevant subject with an overall grade of 80%. |
Note: The Kotogakko Sotsugyo Shomeisho is not suitable for direct entry. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry.
The Attestat o Srednem Obrazovami (Certificate of Secondary Education) is not suitable for direct entry without additional qualifications.
The below qualifications can be accepted for direct entry:
- One year of study on a bachelor’s degree in a relevant subject at a Kazakh University with a minimum GPA of 3.0/4.0 or 4.0/5.0
The Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE) qualification is not suitable for direct entry into year one of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).
Diplomë për kryerjen e shkollës së mesme të lartë is currently not accepted for direct entry to any of our bachelor degree programmes. Candidates should take a foundation course, or other suitable programme such as A-levels.
The Al-Thanawayaa or Tawjihyah are not suitable for direct entry. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry, please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information.
The Latvian Atestats par visparejo videjo izglitibu is currently not accepted for direct entry to any of our bachelor degree programmes. Candidates should take a foundation course, or other suitable programme such as A-levels.
The Lebanese Baccalaureate or Baccalauréat Général are not suitable for direct entry. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry.
The high school qualification from Lesotho is not suitable for direct entry into year one of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).
The Liberian Senior High School Certificate Examination qualification is not suitable for direct entry into year one of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).
The Libyan Secondary Education Certificate qualification is not suitable for direct entry into year one of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).
A Level | Liechtenstein Matura |
A*A*A | 6.0 overall including at least 6 in two subjects and 5 in one |
A*AA | 6.0 overall including at least 6 in two subjects and 5 in one |
AAA | 6.0 overall including at least 5 in three subjects |
AAB | 5.5 overall including at least 5 in two subjects and 4 in one |
ABB | 5.5 overall including at least 5 in one subject and 4 in two |
A Level | Brandos Atestatas (Certificate of Maturity from a Gymnasium or Secondary School) |
A*A*A | Overall average 9.5 in the school matura, to include at least three state examinations at 95%, 95%, 90% |
A*AA | Overall average 9.5 in the school matura, to include at least three state examinations at 95%, 90%, 90% |
AAA | Overall average 9 in the school matura, to include at least three state examinations at 90%, 90%, 90% |
AAB | Overall average 9 in the school matura, to include at least three state examinations at 90%, 90%, 85% |
ABB | Overall average 9 in the school matura, to include at least three state examinations at 90%, 85%, 85% |
A Level | Diplôme de Fin d'Etudes Secondaires |
A*A*A | Pass with an overall score of 50 or above with a minimum of 50 points in required subjects. |
A*AA | Pass with an overall score of 48 or above with a minimum of 50 in required subjects. |
AAA | Pass with an overall score of 47 or above with a minimum of 48 in required subjects. |
AAB | Pass with an overall score of 46 or above with a minimum of 46 in required subjects. |
ABB | Pass with an overall score of 45 or above with a minimum of 45 in required subjects. |
Ensino Secundario Complementor
A*A*A | Ensino Secundário Complementar at GPA 3.2/4 or grade of 19. |
A*AA | Ensino Secundário Complementar at GPA 3.2/4 or grade of 19. |
AAA | Ensino Secundário Complementar at GPA 3.2/4 or grade of 19. |
AAB | Ensino Secundário Complementar at GPA 3.2/4 or grade of 18. |
ABB | Ensino Secundário Complementar at GPA 3.2/4 or grade of 18. |
The Madagascar high school certificate qualifications such the Diplôme de Bachelier de l’Enseignement Secondaire qualificationa are not suitable for direct entry into year one of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).
The Malawi School Certificate of Education qualification is not suitable for direct entry into year one of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).
STPM
A*A*A | STPM with a CGPA of 3.5 or higher. |
A*AA | STPM with a CGPA of 3.3 or higher. |
AAA | STPM with a CGPA of 3.2 or higher. |
AAB | STPM with a CGPA of 3.1 or higher. |
ABB | STPM with a CGPA of 3.0 or higher. |
Post-SPM Diploma
A*A*A | Post-SPM Diploma with a CGPA 3.5 or higher. |
A*AA | Post-SPM Diploma with a CGPA 3.3 or higher. |
AAA | Post-SPM Diploma with a CGPA 3.2 or higher. |
AAB | Post-SPM Diploma with a CGPA 3.1 or higher. |
ABB | Post-SPM Diploma with a CGPA 3.0 or higher. |
Matriculation Certificate
A*A*A | Matriculation Certificate with a GPA of 3.7 or higher. |
A*AA | Matriculation Certificate with a GPA of 3.5 or higher. |
AAA | Matriculation Certificate with a GPA of 3.4 or higher. |
AAB | Matriculation Certificate with a GPA of 3.3 or higher. |
ABB | Matriculation Certificate with a GPA of 3.2 or higher. |
Centre for Foundation Studies, IIUM
A*AA | GPA 3.8 or higher |
A*AA | GPA 3.6 or higher |
AAA | GPA 3.5 or higher |
AAB | GPA 3.4 or higher |
ABB | GPA 3.3 or higher |
UEC – United Examination Certificate
- 5 academic subjects (including any subject specific requirements) excluding Chinese, Malay Language
and Book Keeping and Commerce. - Equivalent offers to A Levels listed below
A*A*A | A1,A1,A2,A2,A2 |
A*AA | A1,A2,A2,A2,A2 |
AAA | A2,A2,A2,A2,A2 |
AAB | 4 x A1 or A2, 1xB3 |
ABB | 3 x A1 or A2, 2xB3 |
A Level | Advanced Matriculation (AM) / Matriculation Certificate Examination- (as examined by University of Malta (MATSEC) only) |
A*A*A | Pass with AA at Advanced Level and AAA at Intermediate level. Excludes Intermediate Level in Systems of Knowledge |
A*AA | Pass with AA at Advanced Level and AAA at Intermediate level. Excludes Intermediate Level in Systems of Knowledge |
AAA | Pass with AA at Advanced Level and AAB at Intermediate level. Excludes Intermediate Level in Systems of Knowledge |
AAB | Pass with AA at Advanced Level and AAB at Intermediate level. Excludes Intermediate Level in Systems of Knowledge |
ABB | Pass with AB at Advanced Level and ABB at Intermediate level. Excludes Intermediate Level in Systems of Knowledge |
The Brevet d'Aptitude Professionnelle from Mauritius qualification is not suitable for direct entry into year one of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).
The Bachillerato is not suitable for direct entry. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry, please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information.
Applicants who have successfully completed Year 1 of their undergraduate degree at good, recognised Mexican institutions with good grades could also be considered for direct entry on a case-by-case basis.
The Diploma de Bacalaureat is currently not accepted for direct entry to any of our bachelor degree programmes. Candidates should take a foundation course, or other suitable programme such as A-levels.
A Level | Diploma o polozenom maturskom ispitu |
A*A*A | 5,5,5,5 with 5 in required subjects. |
A*AA | 5,5,5,5 with 5 in required subjects. |
AAA | 5,5,5,4 with 5 in required subjects. |
AAB | 5,5,4,4 with 5 in required subjects |
ABB | 5,4,4,4 with 4.5 in required subjects. |
The Diplôme du Baccalauréat / Diplôme du Baccalauréat Technique (School Certificate) qualification is not suitable for direct entry into year one of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).
The Mozambique General Secondary Education Certificate qualification (Certificado de Habilitções Literarias) qualification is not suitable for direct entry into year one of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).
- Cambridge GCE ‘A’ levels – grades at departmental level in three subjects (A*A*A – ABB)
- The Basic Education High School examination/matriculation is not sufficient for direct entry onto an undergraduate programme at Durham. It can be used to meet GCSE subject requirements where grades of 40% or more have been obtained.
The Namibia Senior Secondary Certificate (NSSC) qualification is not suitable for direct entry into year one of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).
A Level | VWO (Voorbereidend Wetenschappelijk Onderwijs) |
A*A*A | Minimum of grade 8.5 overall plus three subjects with a minimum of grade 9, 9, 8 – with minimum of 8.5 in any required subject(s). |
A*AA | Minimum of grade 8.3 overall plus three subjects with a minimum of grade 9, 8, 8 – with minimum of 8 in any required subject(s). |
AAA | Minimum of grade 8 overall plus three subjects with a minimum of grade 8, 8, 8 – with minimum of 8 in any required subject(s). |
AAB | Minimum of grade 7.8 overall plus three subjects with a minimum of grade 8, 8, 7 – with minimum of 8 in any required subject(s). |
ABB | Minimum of grade 7.5 overall plus three subjects with a minimum of grade 8, 7, 7 – with minimum of 7.5 in any required subject(s). |
The Senior School Certificate (SSCE/WAEC/ NECO) qualification is not suitable for direct entry into year one of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).
A Level | Macedonian Secondary School Leaving Diploma/Matura |
A*A*A | An overall grade of 5.0, with 5.0 in required subject(s). |
A*AA | An overall grade of 4.9 – 4.99, with 5.0 in required subject(s). |
AAA | An overall grade of 4.8 – 4.89, with 5.0 in required subject(s). |
AAB | An overall grade of 4.7 – 4.79, with 5.0 in required subject(s). |
ABB | An overall grade of 4.7 – 4.79, with 5.0 in required subject(s). |
A Level | Norweigan Vitnemål fra den Videregående Skole (VVO) |
A*A*A | Overall grade 5 with minimum of 5 in required subject(s). |
A*AA | Overall grade 4.9 with minimum of 5 in required subject(s). |
AAA | Overall grade 4.8 with minimum of 5 in required subject(s). |
AAB | Overall grade 4.7 with minimum of 5 in required subject(s). |
ABB | Overall grade 4.7 with minimum of 5 in required subject(s). |
Maths
Students applying for mathematics or science-based programmes which require mathematics and further mathematics at A- level will require VVO mathematics at R1 followed by R2 level
S2 mathematics is required for applicants to Social Science programmes which require Maths A- level
A*A*A | Pass year 1 of a Bachelors degree from a recognised university in a relevant subject with an overall grade of 65%+ (1st Division). |
A*AA | Pass year 1 of a Bachelors degree from a recognised university in a relevant subject with an overall grade of 65%+ (1st Division). |
AAA | Pass year 1 of a Bachelors degree from a recognised university in a relevant subject with an overall grade of 65%+ (1st Division). |
AAB | Pass year 1 of a Bachelors degree from a recognised university in a relevant subject with an overall grade of 60%+ (1st Division). |
ABB | Pass year 1 of a Bachelors degree from a recognised university in a relevant subject with an overall grade of 60%+ (1st Division). |
The Higher Secondary Certificate is not suitable for direct entry. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry, please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).
Certificado de Educación Secundaria Común Completa is not suitable for direct entry. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).
Applicants who have successfully completed Year 1 of their undergraduate degree at good, recognised Peruvian institutions with good grades could also be considered for direct entry on a case-by-case basis.
The High School Diploma is not suitable for direct entry. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry.
A Level | Polish Swiadectwo Dojrzałości / Matura |
A*A*A | Overall average of 90% or above to include at least 3 advanced level courses, 2 of which are at 90% or above with the other advanced level course at 85% including required subject(s). |
A*AA | Overall average of 90% or above overall (to include at least 3 advanced level courses, 1 of which is at 90% or above with the other 2 advanced level courses at 85%) including required subject(s). |
AAA | Overall average of 85% or above overall (to include at least 3 advanced level courses at 85%) including required subject(s). |
AAB | Overall average of 80% or above (to include at least 3 advanced level courses, 1 of which is at 85% or above with the other 2 advanced level courses at 80%) |
ABB | Overall average of 80% or above (to include at least 3 advanced level courses, 2 of which are at 80% or above with the other advanced level course at 75%) |
A Level | Diploma Nível Secundário de Educação / Certificado Nível Secundário de Educação |
A*A*A | Overall average score of 19 or above with 19 in at least three subjects including required subject(s). |
A*AA | Overall average score of 18 or above with 19 in at least two subjects including required subject(s) and one subject at 18. |
AAA | Overall average score of 18 or above with 18 in at least three subjects including required subject(s). |
AAB | Overall average score of 18 or above with 18 in at least two subjects including required subject(s) and one subject at 17. |
ABB | Overall average score of 17 or above with 18 in at least one subject including required subject(s) and two subjects at 17. |
The Al-Thanawayaa or Tawjihyah are not suitable for direct entry. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry.
A Level | Diplomă de Bacalaureat |
A*A*A | Minimum 9.5 overall with at least 9.5 in two subjects plus at least 9.0 in one subject to include required subject(s). |
A*AA | Minimum 9.3 overall with at least 9.5 in two subjects plus at least 9.0 in one subject to include required subject(s). |
AAA | Minimum 9.0 overall with at least 9.0 in three subjects to include required subject(s). |
AAB | Minimum 8.7 overall with at least 9.0 in two subjects plus at least 8.5 in one subject to include required subject(s). |
ABB | Minimum 8.5 overall with at least 9.0 in one subject plus at least 8.5 in two subjects to include required subject(s). |
The Russian (Attestat) Certificate of Secondary Education at grade 11 is not sufficient for direct entry.
Applicants with at least two years of a Bachelor’s Degree or Specialist Diploma in a relevant subject with an average score of 4/5 may be considered for first year entry to undergraduate programmes.
A Level | Two years of a Bachelor’s Degree or Specialist Diploma at a Russian University |
A*A*A | An average overall GPA of 4.5/5.0 |
A*AA | |
AAA | An average overall GPA of 4.0/5.0 |
AAB | |
ABB |
The Advanced General Certificate of Secondary Education qualification is not suitable for direct entry into year one of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).
The General Secondary Education Certificate (Tawjihyah) qualification is not suitable for direct entry into year one of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).
The Diplôme de Bachelier de l'Enseignement due Second Degré / Baccaluareat de l'Enseignement Secondaire qualification qualification is not suitable for direct entry into year one of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).
A Level | Диплома о стеченом среднем образованиy / Diploma o stecenom srednem obrazovanju (Diploma of Completed Secondary Education) / Matura (less than 5 years) |
A*A*A | Overall average score of 5, with 5 in required subject(s). |
A*AA | Overall average score of 5, with 5 in required subject(s). |
AAA | Overall average score of 5, with 5 in required subject(s). |
AAB | Overall average score of 4.5, with 5 in required subject(s). |
ABB | Overall average score of 4.5, with 5 in required subject(s). |
The West African Senior School Certificate Examinations (SSCE/WAEC/ NECO) qualification is not suitable for direct entry into year one of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).
Applicants who have successfully completed the first year of a bachelor’s degree in Sierra Leone will be considered for admission to the first year of our bachelor’s degree course.
A Level | Bachelor’s Degree (1st year grade) |
A*A*A | Over 90% |
A*AA | 80% |
AAA | 70% |
AAB | 65% |
ABB | 60% |
Singapore Cambridge A-levels | A*A*A | Singapore Cambridge A-levels with AAA at H2 level or better. |
A*AA | Singapore Cambridge A-levels with AAA at H2 level or better. | |
AAA | Singapore Cambridge A-levels with AAA at H2 level or better. | |
AAB | Singapore Cambridge A-levels with AAB at H2 level or better. | |
ABB | Singapore Cambridge A-levels with ABB at H2 level or better. | |
Polytechnic Diploma | A*A*A | Singapore Polytechnic Diploma with a CGPA of 3.3. |
A*AA | Singapore Polytechnic Diploma with a CGPA of 3.3. | |
AAA | Singapore Polytechnic Diploma with a CGPA of 3.2. | |
AAB | Singapore Polytechnic Diploma with a CGPA of 3.1. | |
ABB | Singapore Polytechnic Diploma with a CGPA of 3.0. | |
NUS High School | A*A*A | NUS High School (Cumulative Average Point [CAP]) with a CGPA of 4.2. |
A*AA | NUS High School (Cumulative Average Point [CAP]) with a CGPA of 4.2. | |
AAA | NUS High School (Cumulative Average Point [CAP]) with a CGPA of 4.2. | |
AAB | NUS High School (Cumulative Average Point [CAP]) with a CGPA of 4.0. | |
ABB | NUS High School (Cumulative Average Point [CAP]) with a CGPA of 4.0. |
First year entry to relevant undergraduate programmes, except Engineering (see Engineering requirements below). 3-year Diploma from a recognised Polytechnic in Singapore in a relevant subject with the following grades;
- A*A*A programmes = GPA 3.3 or higher
- A*AA programmes = GPA 3.3 or higher
- AAA programmes = GPA 3.2 or higher
- AAB programmes = GPA 3.1 or higher
- ABB programmes = GPA 3.0 or higher
- A Ministry, Polytechnic, OR National Service letter can be used in lieu of IELTS if the qualification is less than two years old
Recognised Polytechnics
- Nanyang Polytechnic (NYP)
- Ngee Ann Polytechnic (NP)
- Republic Polytechnic (RP)
- Singapore Polytechnic (SP)
- Temasek Polytechnic (TP)
Durham’s Department of Engineering will consider applications for 2nd year entry to its BEng General Engineering programme. Applicants must pass the Polytechnic Diploma in engineering from one of the five listed Polytechnics above, with a GPA of 3.3 or higher, plus obtain high grades - B+ or 80% or GPA 3.5, in both mathematics and physics. Please note: Polytechnic Diploma holders are not required to take IELTS. There is exemption in place (see below)
Applicants with a Diploma in Law and Management from Temasek Polytechnic - GPA of 3.3 plus satisfactory LNAT scores, can be considered for year one entry to LLB
Applicants with a Diploma in Management Studies from the Singapore Institute of Management, can be considered for year one entry to Durham University Business School’s BA Business & Management and BA Marketing & Management programmes, providing they achieve a B+ or above average grade from the SIM Diploma in Management Studies and IELTS of 6.5 with no element below 6, or a University approved equivalent.
A Level | Maturitná skúška / Maturita |
A*A*A | výborný (1) in the majority of subjects, and at least 4 subjects should be taken, with 85% in required subject(s). |
A*AA | výborný (1) in the majority of subjects, and at least 4 subjects should be taken, with 85% in required subject(s). |
AAA | výborný (1) in the majority of subjects, and at least 4 subjects should be taken, with 85% in required subject(s). |
AAB | výborný (1) in the majority of subjects, and at least 4 subjects should be taken, with 85% in required subject(s). |
ABB | výborný (1) in the majority of subjects, and at least 4 subjects should be taken, with 85% in required subject(s). |
A Level | Slovenian Matura / Secondary School Leaving Diploma |
A*A*A | Successfully complete the Matura examinations with a minimum score of 5,5,5,5,5 in five individual subjects (including two higher level subjects). |
A*AA | Successfully complete the Matura examinations with a minimum score of 5,5,5,5,4 in five individual subjects (including two higher level subjects). |
AAA | Successfully complete the Matura examinations with a minimum score of 5,5,5,4,4 in five individual subjects (including two higher level subjects). |
AAB | Successfully complete the Matura examinations with a minimum score of 5,5,4,4,4 in five individual subjects (including two higher level subjects). |
ABB | Successfully complete the Matura examinations with a minimum score of 5,4,4,4,4 in five individual subjects (including two higher level subjects). |
Note: Higher level mathematics or higher level in a language may be required for some programmes (any programme requiring an A-level in maths or an A-level in a language) and students should achieve a mark of between 6 – 8. In such a case, this grade would replace one of the specified grades.
The Somalian High School Certificate qualification is not suitable for direct entry into year one of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).
The National Senior Certificate (NSC) can be accepted for entry to year one of undergraduate programmes.
Qualifications accepted:
A Level | National Senior School Certificate (including delivered by the IEB boards) |
A*A*A | 77777 |
A*AA | 77776 |
AAA | 77766 |
AAB | 77666 |
ABB | 76666 |
A-Level Grade | A* | A | B |
NSC | 7 | 7 | 7 |
Percentage equivalent | 80-100% | 80-100% | 70-79% |
Subject specific equivalencies
A Level | Matriculation programme | Exam Grade |
A Level Biology | NSC Biology | 7 |
A Level Chemistry | NSC Chemistry | 7 |
A Level English | NSC English | 7 |
A Level History | NSC History | 7 |
A Level Mathematics | Core Mathematics | 7 |
A Level Music | NSC Music | 7 |
A Level Physics | NSC Physics | 7 |
GCSE Mathematics | Mathematics Literacy | 6 |
Note: Life Orientation is not accepted as an A-Level equivalent.
A Level | Junior College Diploma or Associates Degree (both minimum 3 year study) | Year One at a South Korean University |
A*A*A | 3.5/4.5 GPA or overall score of 87% in a relevant subject | 3.5/4.0 GPA or overall score of 85% in a relevant subject |
A*AA | 3.5/4.5 GPA or overall score of 85% in a relevant subject | 3.0/4.0 GPA or overall score of 83% in a relevant subject |
AAA | ||
AAB | ||
ABB |
Note: The High School Diploma is not suitable for direct entry. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry, please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information.
The Certificate of Secondary Education (CSE) qualification is not suitable for direct entry into year one of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).
A Level | Curso de Orientación Universitaria (COU) / Título de Bachillerato |
A*A*A | Overall 9.2 or above |
A*AA | Overall 9.0 or above |
AAA | Overall 8.8 or above |
AAB | Overall 8.5 or above |
ABB | Overall 8.0 or above |
Note: 9 may be required in specified required subjects, and Faculty of Science courses/departments require the Science and Technology strand.
A*A*A | Sri Lankan GCE A-Levels with grades AAA (grades 90%/90%/85%) |
A*AA | Sri Lankan GCE A-Levels with grades AAA (grades 90%/85%/85%) |
AAA | Sri Lankan GCE A-Levels with grades AAA (grades all 85% or above) |
AAB | Sri Lankan GCE A-Levels with grades AAB (grades 85%/85%/74%) |
ABB | Sri Lankan GCE A-Levels with grades ABB (grades 85%/74%/74%) |
The Certificate of Secondary Education (Maw 6) is not suitable for direct entry. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry.
The Sudanese Secondary School Certificate is not suitable for direct entry into year one of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).
A Level | Avgångsbetyg / Slutbetyg från Gymnasieskola (previously Studentexamen) (Upper Secondary School Leaving Certificate) |
A*A*A | 2500 credits taken with an overall score of 19.5 including ABB in specified subjects |
A*AA | |
AAA | 2500 credits taken with an overall score of 19.0 including BBB in specified subjects |
AAB | |
ABB | 2500 credits taken with an overall score of 16.0 including BBC in specified subjects |
A Level | Federal Maturity Certificate/ |
A*A*A | Overall score of 5.5 with 5.5 in required subject(s) |
A*AA | Overall score of 5.2 with 5 in required subject(s) |
AAA | Overall score of 5 with 5 in required subject(s) |
AAB | Overall score of 4.8 with 5 in required subject(s) |
ABB | Overall score of 4.6 with 4.5 in required subject(s) |
A*A*A | Pass year 1 of a Bachelors degree at a recognised university in a relevant subject with an overall grade of 90% or higher. |
A*AA | Pass year 1 of a Bachelors degree at a recognised university in a relevant subject with an overall grade of 85% or higher. |
AAA | Pass year 1 of a Bachelors degree at a recognised university in a relevant subject with an overall grade of 85% or higher. |
AAB | Pass year 1 of a Bachelors degree at a recognised university in a relevant subject with an overall grade of 80% or higher. |
ABB | Pass year 1 of a Bachelors degree at a recognised university in a relevant subject with an overall grade of 80% or higher. |
Junior College Diploma
A*A*A | Junior College Diploma in a relevant subject with an overall grade of 87% or higher. |
A*AA | Junior College Diploma in a relevant subject with an overall grade of 85% or higher. |
AAA | Junior College Diploma in a relevant subject with an overall grade of 85% or higher. |
AAB | Junior College Diploma in a relevant subject with an overall grade of 80% or higher. |
ABB | Junior College Diploma in a relevant subject with an overall grade of 80% or higher. |
Note: The Senior High School Leaving Certificate is not suitable for direct entry. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry.
The Tanzanian Advanced Certificate of Secondary Education Examination (ACSEE) exams can be considered for direct entry onto our undergraduate courses.
Award of the Advanced Certificate of Secondary Education Examination (ACSEE) with the following grades in principal level subjects will be considered:
Qualifications accepted:
A Level | Advanced Certificate of Secondary Education (ACSE) |
A*A*A | AAA |
A*AA | AAA |
AAA | AAA |
AAB | AAB |
ABB | AAB |
A-Level Grade | A* | A | B |
Advanced Certificate of Secondary Education (ACSE) | A | A | B |
A*A*A | Pass year 1 of a Bachelors degree from a recognised university in a relevant subject with a CGPA of 3.4 or higher. |
A*AA | Pass year 1 of a Bachelors degree from a recognised university in a relevant subject with a CGPA of 3.3 or higher. |
AAA | Pass year 1 of a Bachelors degree from a recognised university in a relevant subject with a CGPA of 3.2 or higher. |
AAB | Pass year 1 of a Bachelors degree from a recognised university in a relevant subject with a CGPA of 3.2 or higher. |
ABB | Pass year 1 of a Bachelors degree from a recognised university in a relevant subject with a CGPA of 3.1 or higher. |
The Certificate of Secondary Education (Maw 6) is not suitable for direct entry. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry.
The Togolese Baccalauréat qualification is not suitable for direct entry into year one of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).
The Tunisian High School curriculum (Diplôme de Baccalauréat) qualification is not suitable for direct entry into year one of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).
A Level | Devlet Lise Diplomasi (State High School Diploma) or Lise Bitirme Diplomasi (Private High School Finishing Diploma) |
A*A*A | Final year (year 12) grade of 86% or higher – with 85% in required subjects – provided the school is on the approved high school list |
A*AA | Final year (year 12) grade of 86% or higher – with 85% in required subjects – provided the school is on the approved high school list |
AAA | Final year (year 12) grade of 85% or higher – with 85% in required subjects – provided the school is on the approved high school list |
AAB | Final year (year 12) grade of 84% or higher – with 85% in required subjects – provided the school is on the approved high school list |
ABB | Final year (year 12) grade of 83% or higher – with 85% in required subjects – provided the school is on the approved high school list |
If you are unsure whether your school is on our approved high school list for the Turkish Diplomasi please contact us here to confirm.
Students studying IB, American APs/SATs, or other recognised international qualifications in addition to the Turkish Diplomasi will ordinarily be made an either/ or offer on both systems.
We accept one of the below:
- Applicants with a Uganda Advanced Certificate of Education (UACE) will be considered on the same basis as UK A-level applicants.
- Applicants with a Cambridge Overseas Higher School Certificate (COHSC) will be considered on the same basis as UK A-level applicants.
The Ukrainian Certificate of Secondary School Education (Atestat pro Povnu Zagal'nu Sersdniu Osvitu) is currently not accepted for direct entry to any of our bachelor degree programmes. Candidates should take a foundation course, or other suitable programme such as A-levels.
The Al-Thanawayaa or Tawjihyah are not suitable for direct entry. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry.
For students attending a school with AP curriculum
If your school offers AP curriculum, you will need to submit a minimum of two AP exam scores in order to meet the academic entry requirements for your degree programme of choice. Please note that you must sit and submit the examinations, we will not accept the course grade. If there is a specific subject required for admission, you must evidence this with an AP exam. For some programmes, one AP may be sufficient alongside two additional qualifications listed below.
A-Level Requirement | Three APs | Two APs and one additional qualification |
A*A*A | Three AP test scores of: 5,5,5 | Two AP test scores of: 5,5 PLUS one of the following:
|
A*AA | Three AP test scores of: 5,5,5 | Two AP test scores of: 5,5 PLUS one of the following:
|
AAA | Three AP test scores of: 5,5,5 OR Four AP test scores of: 5,5,4,4 | Two AP test scores of: 5,5 PLUS one of the following:
|
AAB | Three AP test scores of: 5,4,4 | Two AP test scores of: 5,4 PLUS one of the following:
|
ABB | Three AP test scores of: 5,4,4 | Two AP test scores of: 5,4 PLUS one of the following:
|
For students attending a school that does not offer AP curriculum, read our entry requirements here.
A*A*A | Pass year 1 of a Bachelors degree from a recognised university in a relevant subject with a CGPA of 7.3 or higher. |
A*AA | Pass year 1 of a Bachelors degree from a recognised university in a relevant subject with a CGPA of 7.3 or higher. |
AAA | Pass year 1 of a Bachelors degree from a recognised university in a relevant subject with a CGPA of 7.2 or higher. |
AAB | Pass year 1 of a Bachelors degree from a recognised university in a relevant subject with a CGPA of 7.0 or higher. |
ABB | Pass year 1 of a Bachelors degree from a recognised university in a relevant subject with a CGPA of 6.8 or higher. |
The Upper Secondary School Graduation Diploma is not suitable for direct entry. However, it can be considered on a case-by-case basis to fulfil GCSE requirements. Every subject passed in Upper Secondary School Graduate Diploma at grade 5-10 is comparable to GCSE A*C/9-5. English Language is comparable to Second Language only.
The Zambian High School Certificate qualification is not suitable for direct entry into year one of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).
We accept applicants with Zimbabwe General Certificate of Education at Advanced Level (ZIMSEC A-Levels) for direct entry into undergraduate programmes.
Qualiication accepted:
A Level | ZIMSEC A-level |
A*A*A | ZIMSEC A-level Certificate with AAA |
A*AA | ZIMSEC A-level Certificate with AAA |
AAA | ZIMSEC A-level Certificate with AAA |
AAB | ZIMSEC A-level Certificate with AAB |
ABB | ZIMSEC A-level Certificate with ABB |
Other UK qualifications EU qualifications International qualifications International students who do not meet direct entry requirements for this degree might have the option to complete an International Foundation Year. Home students who do not meet our direct entry requirements may be eligible for our Foundation Programme which offers multidisciplinary programmes to prepare you for a range of specified degree programmes.
Fees and funding
Choose which fees you want to see:
Home / Island students
£13,600 per year
International / EU students
£29,600 per year
Department information
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Durham Law School is a global leader in the development and framing of law. Led by academics who are experts in their field, we carry out cutting-edge legal research that feeds into our Masters and research qualifications, building knowledge and nurturing the skills needed to help shape law in the future. The reputation of the School means our legal know-how is respected by parliamentarians and policy makers around the world. Our academics have been called to give evidence in Parliament and have had their research work quoted by courts and international bodies. International law and questions of global policy and governance are an area of special interest at Durham, but our expertise extends to other areas including criminal law and criminal justice, ethics, human rights, European law, gender and law, Chinese law, Commercial and Corporate law and Global Justice. The research-led learning environment in the School is one of commitment, innovation and passion for the subject. Our highly respected research groups organise lectures and seminars offer opportunities to hear from eminent scholars and practitioners. Speakers have included judges from the UK Supreme Court, from the European Court of Justice and leading officials from national and international institutions.
Facilities
Situated close to a number of academic departments and University services with views of the magnificent Durham Cathedral as well as offering easy access to the historic city, we believe that we have one of the most striking and best-equipped law buildings in the UK. The Law School is located in the University’s award-winning flagship Palatine Centre, part of a £48.4m sustainable building development. The School’s facilities are purpose-built and state-of-the-art, featuring a moot court, pro bono room, Harvard-style Hogan Lovells lecture theatre, spacious dedicated work suites and modern wireless and audio-video-enabled research spaces and attractive social areas.
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