MSc

MSc Plant Biotechnology and Enterprise

Tackle the global food crisis and pioneer groundbreaking solutions that will revolutionise agriculture, as you gain expertise to lead scientific breakthroughs and drive commercial innovations in food production and plant biotechnology.

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Course details

Start date

September 2025

Degree type

MSc

Program code

C2K009

Course length

1 year

Tuition Fees

Home (full-time): £14,500 per year
International (full-time): £32,900 per year

Overview

Our MSc in Plant Biotechnology and Enterprise explores the need for society to increase agricultural productivity amid global warming and equips you with the skills and experience in biotechnological innovation and commercial know-how to support the vital efforts to shape food production in the future.

The course is designed to enhance scientific understanding of plant biotechnology. It has been developed against a backdrop of a decade-long fall in crop protection and biotech products caused by fewer companies working in the sector, a difficult legislative environment and the lack of professionals with the right abilities and specific knowledge to convert their ideas into commercial products.

You will study six taught modules delivered through a wide-ranging mix of lectures, seminars, tutorials, small group classes and practical laboratory-based workshops. The final element of the course is a 6-month research project carried out on a subject of interest. The project brings together your laboratory, research and planning skills into a thesis and presentation under the direct guidance of a research-active supervisor.

Four taught modules have been developed specifically for this course; Frontiers in Plant Science, Agriculture and Biotechnology, Literature Review and Technology in Biosciences. They cover research and innovation in the field and offer opportunities to interact with the sector.

Of the remaining two modules, Bioinformatics and Data Science will cover the computational and statistical analysis of big data while Innovation and Enterprise in Plant Biotechnology, adds a business element to the course as you take on a real-world innovation challenge.

Ensuring a flow of new scientists into the plant technology sector has never been more important given the socio-economic context and the rise in global warming-linked natural catastrophes and this course will help meet that need, helping to shape a positive future.

Course details

Start date

September 2025

Degree type

MSc

Program code

C2K009

Course length

1 year

Tuition Fees

Home (full-time): £14,500 per year
International (full-time): £32,900 per year

What you'll study

Core modules

creates a specific awareness of the benefits of agriculture and biotechnology for society in general and provides a framework for developing industrial applications from theoretical knowledge. There will also be opportunities to develop links with the sector through industrial visits.
develops a broad understanding of bioinformatics and the ability to use public bioinformatics databases. The module provides you with skills and knowledge in the R environment for data analysis and visualisation and the analysis of genomic and transcriptomic data using open-source software, DNA and protein sequence data and next generation sequencing data.
provides a broad understanding of plant development and the theories behind major agricultural and biotechnological advances as well as an awareness of the current challenges. You will also gain insight into the technical, legal and ethical limitations associated with improvement of agricultural and biotechnological processes.
teaches the major theories and models of innovation and product development and their evaluation and provides training in how innovation is managed in company settings and how it is communicated across social systems. You will complete a real-life problem-based innovation challenge and you will also be introduced to aspects of intellectual property and innovation management.
explores cutting-edge biotechnology approaches and their real-world applications across diverse research fields. Through critical analysis of current scientific literature, students will evaluate the capabilities and constraints of emerging biotechnological methods. The module enhances professional research competencies, with particular emphasis on developing sophisticated academic writing skills, strengthening analytical reasoning, and cultivating independent scientific thinking.
The develops your interest in plant biotechnology and enhances your skills in the design of experiments and project planning. The module also provides you with hands-on laboratory experience and fosters confidence in the handling and configuration of laboratory instruments.
offers an overview of recent technological developments and their application to the biosciences as well as an understanding of the theoretical aspects and practical skills underpinning technological advances in the biosciences. You will be given an overall appreciation of the strategies and technologies employed in the biosciences and how they are applied to support plant science, plant biotechnology and agriculture.

Learning

Learning on this course is delivered through an interesting and challenging mixture of lectures, seminars, small group work, laboratory-based practical sessions and case studies.

The lectures provide key information on the module subjects. The majority of lectures are given by specialist academics, with a number of key lectures delivered by guest speakers who have relevant industrial expertise in the specific topic. You will develop further insight in the smaller group sessions and debate and discuss issues arising from the lectures and from your own independent study.

Workshops and laboratory-based practical sessions offer one-to-one mentoring and you will be able to create your own research project on a subject in which you are particularly interested.

Assessment

Assessment is rigorous and ongoing in order to test your knowledge and varies from module to module. Assessment methods include essays, written tests and reports, a mini project, a group presentation and the completion of a lab book. You will also undertake an in-depth research project, which is a significant piece of work on a subject of particular interest, chosen by you with guidance and support from your supervisor.

Entry requirements

To learn more about the qualifications we typically accept, please select your country from the drop-down menu below.

Select Country/region

Entry requirements	Applicants need the equivalent of a UK honours degree to at least a 2:1 in a Biosciences equivalent degree (i.e. Biology, Natural Sciences, Agriculture). It is not necessary to have prior laboratory experience in plant sciences techniques Additional requirements Completed online application form CV/Resume Evidence of higher degree qualifications with mark statements Personal statement (up to 750 words)

Entry requirements

Applicants need the equivalent of a UK honours degree to at least a 2:1 in a Biosciences equivalent degree (i.e. Biology, Natural Sciences, Agriculture). It is not necessary to have prior laboratory experience in plant sciences techniques

Additional requirements

Completed online application form
CV/Resume
Evidence of higher degree qualifications with mark statements
Personal statement (up to 750 words)

Neither the Albanian Dëftesë Pjekurie (Secondary School Leaving Certificate) nor the Diplomë e Maturës Shtetërore (Diploma of State Matura) are currently accepted for direct entry to any of our bachelor degree programmes. Candidates should take a foundation course, or other suitable programme such as A-levels.

The Baccalauréat de l'Enseignement Secondaire (School Certificate) qualification is not suitable for direct entry into year one of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).

A Level	Titol de Batxiller
AAA	Overall 9
A*AA	Overall 9
AAA	Overall 9
AAB	Overall 9
ABB	Overall 9
BBB	Overall 9

The Angolan High School Certificate (Ensino Geral Certificado de Habilitações) qualification is not suitable for direct entry into year one of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).

Título de Bachiller is not suitable for direct entry. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry.

Applicants who have successfully completed Year 1 of their undergraduate degree at good, recognised Argentinian institutions with good grades could also be considered for direct entry on a case-by-case basis.

The Armenian Certificate of Secondary General Education alone is not accepted for undergraduate direct entry to any of our bachelor degree programmes. Candidates should take a foundation course, or other suitable programme such as A-levels.

A Level	Araratian Baccalaureate	Two years at an Armenian University
AAA	AAA in extended level subjects	An average of 80% or a GPA of 3.3/4.0
A*AA	A*AA in extended level subjects
AAA	AAA in extended level subjects
AAB	AAB in extended level subjects
ABB	ABB in extended level subjects

A Level	Reifeprüfung / Matura (Allgemeinbildende Hoehere Schule)
AAA	Pass with high distinction (Mit ausgezeichnetem Erfolg bestanden) with the majority of subjects at grade 1 (sehr gut).
A*AA	Pass with high distinction (Mit ausgezeichnetem Erfolg bestanden) with the majority of subjects at grade 1 (sehr gut).
AAA	Pass with high distinction (Mit ausgezeichnetem Erfolg bestanden) with the majority of subjects at grade 1 (sehr gut).
AAB	Pass with high distinction (Mit ausgezeichnetem Erfolg bestanden) with the majority of subjects at grade 1 (sehr gut).
ABB	Pass with distinction (mit gutem erfolg bestanden) with the majority of subjects at least grade 2.
BBB	Pass with distinction (mit gutem erfolg bestanden) with the majority of subjects at least grade 2.

Please contact the team at: Africa.Team@durham.ac.uk

AAA	Year 1 of a Bachelor degree at a recognised Bangladeshi university with GPA 3.5.
A*AA	Year 1 of a Bachelor degree at a recognised Bangladeshi university with GPA 3.5.
AAA	Year 1 of a Bachelor degree at a recognised Bangladeshi university with GPA 3.25.
AAB	Year 1 of a Bachelor degree at a recognised Bangladeshi university with GPA 3.25.
ABB	Year 1 of a Bachelor degree at a recognised Bangladeshi university with GPA 3.25.
	The Higher Secondary Certificate is not suitable for direct entry. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry.

The Атэстат аб агульнай сярэдняй адукацыi (Certificate of General Secondary Education) is not accepted for undergraduate direct entry to any of our bachelor degree programmes. Candidates should take a foundation course, or other suitable programme such as A-levels.

A Level	Diploma van Hoger Secundair Onderwijs/Certificat d'Enseignement Secondaire Supérieur/Abschlusszeugnis der Oberstufe des Sekundarunterrichts
AAA	85% or 8.5/10 or 18/20 overall with minimum of 90% or 9/10 or 19/20 in three subjects
A*AA	85% or 8.5/10 or 18/20 overall
AAA	80% or 8/10 or 17/20 overall
AAB	80% or 8/10 or 17/20 overall
ABB	70% or 7/10 or 15/20 overall
BBB	70% or 7/10 or 15/20 overall

The Benin High School Certificate qualification is not suitable for direct entry into first year of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).

Diploma de Bachiller is not suitable for direct entry. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry.

Applicants who have successfully completed Year 1 of their undergraduate degree at good, recognised Bolivian institutions with good grades could also be considered for direct entry on a case-by-case basis.

The Cambridge Overseas School Certificate and Botswana General Certificate of Education (BGCSE) Certificate qualification are not suitable for direct entry into year one of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).

A Level	Diploma o položenom maturskom ispitu (RS) / Diploma o završenoj srednjoj školi (FiBH) (Secondary School Leaving Diploma)
AAA	4.8 overall
A*AA	4.6 overall
AAA	4.4 overall
AAB	4.2 overall
ABB	4.0 overall

The Certificado de Ensino Médio is not suitable for direct entry. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry.

Applicants who have successfully completed Year 1 of their undergraduate degree at good, recognised Brazilian institutions with good grades could also be considered for direct entry on a case-by-case basis.

The Basic Education High School examination/matriculation is not sufficient for direct entry onto an undergraduate programme at Durham. IB and A Levels will be considered
Cambridge GCE ‘A’ levels – grades at departmental level in three subjects (A*A*A – ABB)
International Baccalaureate (38-34 points)
A recognised UK Foundation Programme
IELTS score of band 6.5 – 7.0 (no element below band 6.0) or equivalent.

Diploma za Sredno Obrazovanie (Diploma of Completed Secondary Education)

A Level	Diploma za Sredno Obrazovanie
AAA	5.8 overall, to include 3 state examinations, with 5.85 specified subjects
A*AA	5.7 overall, to include 3 state examinations, with 5.85 in specified subjects
AAA	5.6 overall, to include 3 state examinations, with 5.75 in specified subjects
AAB	5.5 overall, to include 3 state examinations, with 5.75 in specified subjects
ABB	5.4 overall, to include 3 state examinations, with 5.65 in specified subjects

The Burkina Faso Secondary School Certificate is not suitable for direct entry into year one of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).

The Burundian Diplôme d’État and Diplôme d’Humanités Générales high school qualifications are not suitable for direct entry into first year of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).

AAA	Associates Degree with overall score of 88% or better.
A*AA	Associates Degree with overall score of 85% or better.
AAA	Associates Degree with overall score of 83% or better.
AAB	Associates Degree with overall score of 81% or better.
ABB	Associates Degree with overall score of 80% or better.

We accept the following qualifications for direct entry to Undergraduate courses:

Cameroon GCE Advanced Level (Anglophone System)
Applicants with French Baccalaureat: please see our standard France entry requirements.

Qualification Accepted:

A Level	Cameroon GCE A-levels
AAA	17
A*AA	16
AAA	15
AAB	14
ABB	13

A-level single grade equivalencies:

A Level Grade	Equivalent Cameroon GCE Advanced Level Grade
A*	A at Advanced Level
A	A at Advanced Level
B	B at Advanced Level

GCSE single grade equivalencies:

GCSE subject requirement	Equivalent qualification Cameroon GCE Ordinary Level
A* or A	A at Ordinary Level
B	B at Ordinary Level
C	C at Ordinary Level

Alberta

AAA	An average of 90% across 5 grade 12 academic subjects numbered 30/31 (including 88% in Maths 30-1 for programmes that require A level Maths).
A*AA	An average of 88% across 5 grade 12 academic subjects numbered 30/31 (including 88% in Maths 30-1 for programmes that require A level Maths).
AAA	An average of 86% across 5 grade 12 academic subjects numbered 30/31 (including 88% in Maths 30-1 for programmes that require A level Maths).
AAB	An average of 84% across 5 grade 12 academic subjects numbered 30/31 (including 88% in Maths 30-1 for programmes that require A level Maths).
ABB	An average of 80% across 5 grade 12 academic subjects numbered 30/31 (including 88% in Maths 30-1 for programmes that require A level Maths).

British Columbia

AAA	An average of 90% across 5 grade 12 subjects (including 88% in Grade 12 Pre-Calculus for programmes that require A level Maths).
A*AA	An average of 88% across 5 grade 12 subjects (including 88% in Grade 12 Pre-Calculus for programmes that require A level Maths).
AAA	An average of 86% across 5 grade 12 subjects (including 88% in Grade 12 Pre-Calculus for programmes that require A level Maths).
AAB	An average of 84% across 5 grade 12 subjects (including 88% in Grade 12 Pre-Calculus for programmes that require A level Maths).
ABB	An average of 80% across 5 grade 12 subjects (including 88% in Grade 12 Pre-Calculus for programmes that require A level Maths).

Manitoba

AAA	An average of 90% in English 40S, and across at least 4 other courses at level 40S or 40G (including 88% in pre-Calculus 40S for programmes that require A level Maths).
A*AA	An average of 88% in English 40S, and across at least 4 other courses at level 40S or 40G (including 88% in pre-Calculus 40S for programmes that require A level Maths).
AAA	An average of 86% in English 40S, and across at least 4 other courses at level 40S or 40G (including 88% in pre-Calculus 40S for programmes that require A level Maths).
AAB	An average of 84% in English 40S, and across at least 4 other courses at level 40S or 40G (including 88% in pre-Calculus 40S for programmes that require A level Maths).
ABB	An average of 80% in English 40S, and across at least 4 other courses at level 40S or 40G (including 88% in pre-Calculus 40S for programmes that require A level Maths).

New Brunswick

AAA	An average of 90% across 5 college preparatory courses: 120, 121 or 122 (including 88% in Grade 12 Pre-Calculus A120/B120 for programmes that require A level Maths).
A*AA	An average of 88% across 5 college preparatory courses: 120, 121 or 122 (including 88% in Grade 12 Pre-Calculus A120/B120 for programmes that require A level Maths).
AAA	An average of 86% across 5 college preparatory courses: 120, 121 or 122 (including 88% in Grade 12 Pre-Calculus A120/B120 for programmes that require A level Maths).
AAB	An average of 84% across 5 college preparatory courses: 120, 121 or 122 (including 88% in Grade 12 Pre-Calculus A120/B120 for programmes that require A level Maths).
ABB	An average of 80% across 5 college preparatory courses: 120, 121 or 122 (including 88% in Grade 12 Pre-Calculus A120/B120 for programmes that require A level Maths).

Newfoundland

AAA	Overall average of 90% in grade 12 courses (including 88% in Maths for programmes that require A level Maths).
A*AA	Overall average of 88% in grade 12 courses (including 88% in Maths for programmes that require A level Maths).
AAA	Overall average of 86% in grade 12 courses (including 88% in Maths for programmes that require A level Maths).
AAB	Overall average of 84% in grade 12 courses (including 88% in Maths for programmes that require A level Maths).
ABB	Overall average of 80% in grade 12 courses (including 88% in Maths for programmes that require A level Maths).

Nova Scotia

AAA	An average of 90% across 5 grade 12 subjects (university preparatory academic or advanced) (including 88% in Grade 12 Pre-Calculus for programmes that require A level Maths).
A*AA	An average of 88% across 5 grade 12 subjects (university preparatory academic or advanced) (including 88% in Grade 12 Pre-Calculus for programmes that require A level Maths).
AAA	An average of 86% across 5 grade 12 subjects (university preparatory academic or advanced) (including 88% in Grade 12 Pre-Calculus for programmes that require A level Maths).
AAB	An average of 84% across 5 grade 12 subjects (university preparatory academic or advanced) (including 88% in Grade 12 Pre-Calculus for programmes that require A level Maths).
ABB	An average of 80% across 5 grade 12 subjects (university preparatory academic or advanced) (including 88% in Grade 12 Pre-Calculus for programmes that require A level Maths).

Ontario

AAA	An average of 90% across 6 Grade 12 4U or 4M courses (including 88% in Grade 12 Advanced Functions (MHF4U-C), or Calculus and Vectors (MCV4U-A), or Mathematics of Data Management (MDM4U-B) for programmes that require A level Maths).
A*AA	An average of 88% across 6 Grade 12 4U or 4M courses (including 88% in Grade 12 Advanced Functions (MHF4U-C), or Calculus and Vectors (MCV4U-A), or Mathematics of Data Management (MDM4U-B) for programmes that require A level Maths).
AAA	An average of 86% across 6 Grade 12 4U or 4M courses (including 88% in Grade 12 Advanced Functions (MHF4U-C), or Calculus and Vectors (MCV4U-A), or Mathematics of Data Management (MDM4U-B) for programmes that require A level Maths).
AAB	An average of 84% across 6 Grade 12 4U or 4M courses (including 88% in Grade 12 Advanced Functions (MHF4U-C), or Calculus and Vectors (MCV4U-A), or Mathematics of Data Management (MDM4U-B) for programmes that require A level Maths).
ABB	An average of 80% across 6 Grade 12 4U or 4M courses (including 88% in Grade 12 Advanced Functions (MHF4U-C), or Calculus and Vectors (MCV4U-A), or Mathematics of Data Management (MDM4U-B) for programmes that require A level Maths).

Prince Edward Island

AAA	An average of 90% across 5 Grade 12 academic subjects (including 88% in Advanced Calculus for programmes that require A level Maths).
A*AA	An average of 88% across 5 Grade 12 academic subjects (including 88% in Advanced Calculus for programmes that require A level Maths).
AAA	An average of 86% across 5 Grade 12 academic subjects (including 88% in Advanced Calculus for programmes that require A level Maths).
AAB	An average of 84% across 5 Grade 12 academic subjects (including 88% in Advanced Calculus for programmes that require A level Maths).
ABB	An average of 80% across 5 Grade 12 academic subjects (including 88% in Advanced Calculus for programmes that require A level Maths).

Quebec

AAA	A minimum of 12 academic semester credits in the DEC, with an average of 90% or better including English (88% or better in Calculus 1 and 2 for programmes that require A level Maths).
A*AA	A minimum of 12 academic semester credits in the DEC, with an average of 88% or better including English (88% or better in Calculus 1 and 2 for programmes that require A level Maths).
AAA	A minimum of 12 academic semester credits in the DEC, with an average of 86% or better including English (88% or better in Calculus 1 and 2 for programmes that require A level Maths).
AAB	A minimum of 12 academic semester credits in the DEC, with an average of 84% or better including English (88% or better in Calculus 1 and 2 for programmes that require A level Maths).
ABB	A minimum of 12 academic semester credits in the DEC, with an average of 80% or better including English (88% or better in Calculus 1 and 2 for programmes that require A level Maths).

Saskatchewan

AAA	An average of 90% across 5 academic courses at the 30 level including English A30 and English B30 (88% in Pre-Calculus 30 for programmes that require A level Maths).
A*AA	An average of 88% across 5 academic courses at the 30 level including English A30 and English B30 (88% in Pre-Calculus 30 for programmes that require A level Maths).
AAA	An average of 86% across 5 academic courses at the 30 level including English A30 and English B30 (88% in Pre-Calculus 30 for programmes that require A level Maths).
AAB	An average of 84% across 5 academic courses at the 30 level including English A30 and English B30 (88% in Pre-Calculus 30 for programmes that require A level Maths).
ABB	An average of 80% across 5 academic courses at the 30 level including English A30 and English B30 (88% in Pre-Calculus 30 for programmes that require A level Maths).

Yukon Territory

AAA	An average of 90% across 5 grade 12 subjects including English 12 (88% in Pre-Calculus 12 for programmes that require A level Maths).
A*AA	An average of 89% across 5 grade 12 subjects including English 12 (88% in Pre-Calculus 12 for programmes that require A level Maths).
AAA	An average of 87% across 5 grade 12 subjects including English 12 (88% in Pre-Calculus 12 for programmes that require A level Maths).
AAB	An average of 86% across 5 grade 12 subjects including English 12 (88% in Pre-Calculus 12 for programmes that require A level Maths).
ABB	An average of 85% across 5 grade 12 subjects including English 12 (88% in Pre-Calculus 12 for programmes that require A level Maths).

The Certificado de Habiltações Literárias 3°Ciclo is not suitable for direct entry into year one of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).

Caribbean Advanced Proficiency Examination (CAPE)	AAA	Grade I in at least three 2-Unit courses.
A*AA	Grade I in at least three 2-Unit courses.
AAA	Grade I in at least three 2-Unit courses.
AAB	Grade I in at least two 2-Unit courses and Grade II in an additional 2-Unit course.
ABB	Grade I in at least one 2-Unit course and Grade II in two additional 2-Unit courses.

The Licencia de Educación/Enseñanza Media is not suitable for direct entry. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry.

Applicants who have successfully completed Year 1 of their undergraduate degree at good, recognised Chilean institutions with good grades could also be considered for direct entry on a case-by-case basis.

Gaokao (National College Entrance Examination) is accepted for direct entry applications of the science faculty - including with minimum 80% overall average, 80% in Mathematics if required at A Level, plus IELTS at departmental level.

Applications from students who pass year one of bachelor’s degree from a recognised university in a relevant subject with an overall grade of 85% will be considered for direct entry.

Ambright Aptitude Scholastic Tests (AST) is accepted for direct entry applications of programmes including Biosciences, Chemistry, Computer Science, Earth Sciences, Education, Engineering, Mathematical Sciences, Physics, Psychology, Criminology, Sociology, Anthropology, Geography, Philosophy, Sport and exercise science, Classics, and Visual arts and film. We will consider applications from students who achieved 220 in English and Mathematics and 230 in Physics (if taken) and Huikao or National Senior High School Certificate (from Provinces where the Huikao is not offered) with a grade average of above 80% (A, Excellent) - including 85% in relevant subjects where required at A level, plus IELTS at departmental level.

The Titulo de Bachiller is not suitable for direct entry. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry, please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information.

Applicants who have successfully completed Year 1 of their undergraduate degree at good, recognised Colombian institutions with good grades could also be considered for direct entry on a case-by-case basis.

The Côte d'Ivoire Baccalauréat (School Certificate) qualification is not suitable for direct entry into the first year of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).

A Level	Svjedodžba o Maturi (Certificate of Maturity) in conjunction with the Drzavna Matura
AAA	5 overall in the Svjedodžba, with at least 5 at Higher Level in required subjects in the Drzavna Matura. At least three exams must be taken at Higher Level and a minimum grade of 4 should be achieved in any additional subjects.
A*AA	4.9 overall in the Svjedodžba, with at least 5 at Higher Level in required subjects in the Drzavna Matura. At least three exams must be taken at Higher Level and a minimum grade of 4 should be achieved in any additional subjects.
AAA	4.8 overall in the Svjedodžba, with at least 4.75 at Higher Level in required subjects in the Drzavna Matura. At least three exams must be taken at Higher Level and a minimum grade of 4 should be achieved in any additional subjects.
AAB	4.7 overall in the Svjedodžba, with at least 4.75 at Higher Level in required subjects in the Drzavna Matura. At least three exams must be taken at Higher Level and a minimum grade of 4 should be achieved in any additional subjects.
ABB	4.6 overall in the Svjedodžba, with at least 4.75 at Higher Level in required subjects in the Drzavna Matura. At least three exams must be taken at Higher Level and a minimum grade of 4 should be achieved in any additional subjects.

Título de Bachiller is not suitable for direct entry. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).

Applicants who have successfully completed Year 1 of their undergraduate degree at good, recognised Cuban institutions with good grades could also be considered for direct entry on a case-by-case basis.

A Level	Apolytirion of Lykeion
AAA	19/20 or above in the Apolytirion and 2 A-levels with grades between A*-B
A*AA	18.5/20 or above in the Apolytirion and 2 A-levels with grades between A*-B
AAA
AAB
ABB

A Level	Maturitni Zkouška / Maturita (minimum of four subjects)
AAA	1 in three subjects, with 2 or better in all other subjects, with 1 in required subjects.
A*AA	1 in the majority of subjects, with 2 or better in all other subjects, with 1 in required subjects.
AAA	1 in the majority of subjects, with 2 or better in all other subjects, with 1 in required subjects.
AAB	2 or better in all subjects, with 1 in required subjects.
ABB	2 or better in all subjects, with 1 in required subjects.

The DRC high school certificate qualifications such the Diplôme d'État d'Études Secondaires du Cycle Long are not suitable for direct entry into first year of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).

A Level	Studentereksamen (STX, HHX or HTX or HF)
AAA	an average of 10 overall with 10 in at least four level A subjects, including 12 in required subjects.
A*AA	an average of 10 overall with 10 in at least four level A subjects, including 12 in required subjects.
AAA	an average of 10 overall with 10 in at least three level A subjects, including 12 in required subjects, and at least 8 in another level A subject.
AAB	an average of 10 overall with 10 in at least three level A subjects, including 12 in required subjects, and at least 8 in another level A subject.
ABB	an average of 10 overall with 10 in at least two level A subjects, including 10 in required subjects, and at least 8 in two other level A subjects.

The Egyptian Al-Thanawaya Al-Amah (Secondary School Leaving Certificate) is not suitable for direct entry into first year of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).

The Eritrean Secondary Education Certificate Examination fis not suitable for direct entry into year one of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).

A Level	Gümnaasiumi lõputunnistus (Secondary School Certificate) including the Rligieksum
AAA	Overall score of 5 in the Gumnaasiumi loputunnistus with scores of 95%, 95%, 90% in 3 state (Riigeksam) exams and a minimum of 90% in required subjects.
A*AA	Overall score of 5 in the Gumnaasiumi loputunnistus with scores of 95%, 90%, 90% in 3 state (Riigeksam) exams and a minimum of 90% in required subjects.
AAA	Overall score of 5 in the Gumnaasiumi loputunnistus with scores of with scores of 90%, 90%, 90% in 3 state (Riigeksam) exams and a minimum of 90% in required subjects.
AAB	Overall score of 4.5 in the Gumnaasiumi loputunnistus with scores of 90%, 90%, 85% in 3 state (Riigeksam) exams
ABB	Overall score of 4.5 in the Gumnaasiumi loputunnistus with scores of 90%, 90%, 85% in 3 state (Riigeksam) exams and a minimum of 90% in required subjects.

The Eswatini General Certificate of Secondary Education qualification is not suitable for direct entry into year one of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).

The Ethiopian Secondary School Leaving Certificate Examination qualification is not suitable for direct entry into year one of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).

Applicants who have completed two years of a bachelor’s degree from an Ethiopian university in a relevant subject can be considered for entrance to undergraduate programmes.

Qualifications accepted:

A Level	Two years of a bachelor’s degree from Ethiopian university
AAA	‘A’ grade or 4.0/4.0 GPA
A*AA
AAA
AAB
ABB

A Level	Ylioppilastutkinto / studentexamen
AAA	Pass with 7776 in four subjects with 7 in required subjects.
A*AA
AAA	Pass with 7766 in four subjects with a minimum of 6 in required subjects.
AAB	Pass with 7666 in four subjects with a minimum of 6 in required subjects.
ABB	Pass with 6666 in four subjects with a minimum of 6 in required subjects.

A Level	Baccalaureate General (including Option International du Baccalaureate, OIB)
AAA	17 Très bien overall – minimum of 17 in required subjects.
A*AA	16 Très bien overall – minimum of 16 in required subjects.
AAA	15 Bien overall – minimum of 16 in required subjects.
AAB	14 Bien overall – minimum of 15 in required subjects.
ABB	14 Bien overall – minimum of 14 in required subjects.

The Gambian School Certificate qualification is not suitable for direct entry into year one of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).

Applicants who have successfully completed the first year of a Gambian university bachelor’s degree can be considered for admission to the first year of our bachelor’s degree programmes.

Qualifications accepted:

A Level	Year one of bachelor’s degree from a Gambian University
AAA	90% average
A*AA	80%
AAA	70%
AAB	65%
ABB	60%

The General Education Diploma (Sashualo Ganatlebis Atestasi) is not currently accepted for direct entry to any of our bachelor degree programmes. Candidates should take a foundation course, or other suitable programme such as A-levels.

A Level	Abitur
AAA	At least 1.2 overall with minimum 13/15 in required subjects at Higher Level (Leistungkurse)
A*AA	At least 1.4 overall with minimum 13/15 in required subjects at Higher Level (Leistungkurse)
AAA	At least 1.6 overall with minimum 12/15 in required subjects at Higher Level (Leistungkurse)
AAB	At least 1.8 overall with minimum 12/15 in required subjects at Higher Level (Leistungkurse)
ABB	At least 2.0 overall with minimum 12/15 in required subjects at Higher Level (Leistungkurse)

The Ghanian Senior School Certificate or the West African Senior School Certificate qualification is not suitable for direct entry into year one of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).

A Level	Apolytirion of Lykeion
AAA	19/20 or above in the Apolytirion and 2 A-levels with grades between A*-B
A*AA	18.5/20 or above in the Apolytirion and 2 A-levels with grades between A*-B
AAA
AAB
ABB

HKDSE

AAA	5* 5* 5 in three subjects from any combination of Group A Electives, Core Mathematics, and Core English Language.
A*AA	5* 5 5 in three subjects from any combination of Group A Electives, Core Mathematics, and Core English Language.
AAA	5 5 5 in three subjects from any combination of Group A Electives, Core Mathematics, and Core English Language.
AAB	5 5 4 in three subjects from any combination of Group A Electives, Core Mathematics, and Core English Language.
ABB	5 4 4 in three subjects from any combination of Group A Electives, Core Mathematics, and Core English Language.

For subjects requiring a Maths A level.

AAA	5* 5* 5* 5 from two Group A Electives plus Core Mathematics and Extended Maths (M1 or M2) OR 5* 5* 5* 5 one Group A Elective plus Core English Language plus Core Mathematics and Extended Maths (M1 or M2)
A*AA	5* 5* 5 5 from two Group A Electives plus Core Mathematics and Extended Maths (M1 or M2) OR 5* 5* 5 5 one Group A Elective plus Core English Language plus Core Mathematics and Extended Maths (M1 or M2)
AAA	5 5 5 5 from two Group A Electives plus Core Mathematics and Extended Maths (M1 or M2) OR 5 5 5 5 one Group A Elective plus Core English Language plus Core Mathematics and Extended Maths (M1 or M2)
AAB	5 5 5 4 from two Group A Electives plus Core Mathematics and Extended Maths (M1 or M2) OR 5 5 5 4 one Group A Elective plus Core English Language plus Core Mathematics and Extended Maths (M1 or M2)
ABB	Not Applicable

Associates Degree

AAA	Associates Degree with GPA of 3.4 or higher.
A*AA	Associates Degree with GPA of 3.3 or higher.
AAA	Associates Degree with GPA of 3.2 or higher.
AAB	Associates Degree with GPA of 3.2 or higher.
ABB	Associates Degree with GPA of 3.0 or higher.

A Level	Erettsegi / Matura
AAA	5 final subjects taken in the Hungarian Matura. 95%, 90% in two Advanced level subjects and 85%, 85%, 80% in three Intermediate level subjects
A*AA	5 final subjects taken in the Hungarian Matura. 90%, 90% in two Advanced level subjects and 85%, 80%, 80% in three Intermediate level subjects
AAA	5 final subjects taken in the Hungarian Matura. 85%, 85% in two Advanced level subjects and 80%, 80%, 80% in three Intermediate level subjects
AAB	5 final subjects taken in the Hungarian Matura. 80%, 80% in two Advanced level subjects and 80%, 80%, 75% in three Intermediate level subjects
ABB	5 final subjects taken in the Hungarian Matura. 80%, 80% in two Advanced level subjects and 80%, 80%, 75% in three Intermediate level subjects

A Level	Studentsprof (from Gymnasium)
AAA	Overall average score of 9/10 with 9 in required subjects
A*AA	Overall average score of 8.5/10 with 8.5 in required subjects
AAA	Overall average score of 8/10 with 8.5 in required subjects
AAB	Overall average score of 8/10 with 8 in required subjects
ABB	Overall average score of 7.5/10 with 8 in required subjects

Standard XII

AAA	Standard XII with an average score of 90% (best of 4 academic subjects) with any prerequisite subjects at 87% or higher.
A*AA	Standard XII with an average score of 87% (best of 4 academic subjects) with any prerequisite subjects at 85% or higher.
AAA	Standard XII with an average score of 85% (best of 4 academic subjects) with any prerequisite subjects at 85% or higher.
AAB	Standard XII with an average score of 84% (best of 4 academic subjects) with any prerequisite subjects at 85% or higher.
ABB	Standard XII with an average score of 83% (best of 4 academic subjects) with any prerequisite subjects at 85% or higher.

Note: Standard XII from CBSE or CISCE Boards and some State Boards only are accepted for entry. State Boards considered on a case by case basis.

A Level	Indonesian First Year Degree	Diploma 2 or Diploma 3
AAA	Pass year 1 of a Bachelor’s degree from a recognised university in a relevant subject with average grades of 3 out of 4.	Pass Diploma II (D2) or Diploma III (D3) with GPA of 8 out of 10.
A*AA	Pass year 1 of a Bachelors degree from a recognised university in a relevant subject with average grades of 3 out of 4.	Pass Diploma II (D2) or Diploma III (D3) with GPA of 8 out of 10.
AAA	Pass year 1 of a Bachelors degree from a recognised university in a relevant subject with average grades of 3 out of 4.	Pass Diploma II (D2) or Diploma III (D3) with GPA of 7 out of 10.
AAB	Pass year 1 of a Bachelors degree from a recognised university in a relevant subject with average grades of 3 out of 4.	Pass Diploma II (D2) or Diploma III (D3) with GPA of 6 out of 10.
ABB	Pass year 1 of a Bachelors degree from a recognised university in a relevant subject with average grades of 3 out of 4.	Pass Diploma II (D2) or Diploma III (D3) with GPA of 6 out of 10.

The Certificate of Preparatory Education or Sixth Form Baccalaureat are not suitable for direct entry. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry.

A Level	Irish Leaving Certificate (Higher level)
AAA	H1,H1,H1,H2,H2,H2 including H1 in required subjects.
A*AA	H1,H1,H2,H2,H2,H2 including H1 in required subjects.
AAA	H1,H2,H2,H2,H2,H2 including H2 in required subjects.
AAB	H2,H2,H2,H2,H2,H3 including H2 in required subjects.
ABB	H2,H2,H2,H3,H3,H3 including H2 in required subjects.

Matriculation Certificate (Bagrut)	AAA	Overall score of 90% and three level 5 subjects with minimum scores of 80% each
A*AA	Overall score of 90% and three level 5 subjects with scores of 80% each.
AAA	Overall score of 90% and three level 5 subjects with scores of 75% each
AAB	Overall score of 85% and three level 5 subjects with scores of 75% each
ABB	Overall score of 80% and three level 5 subjects with scores of 75% each

A Level	Esame di Stato
AAA	Overall average grade of 97% or above, with 90% in required subjects.
A*AA	Overall average grade of 95% or above, with 90% in required subjects.
AAA	Overall average grade of 92% or above, with 90% in required subjects.
AAB	Overall average grade of 88% or above, with 90% in required subjects.
ABB	Overall average grade of 85% or above, with 85% in required subjects.

AAA	Pass year 1 of a Bachelors degree from a recognised university in a relevant subject with an overall grade of 85%.
A*AA	Pass year 1 of a Bachelors degree from a recognised university in a relevant subject with an overall grade of 85%.
AAA	Pass year 1 of a Bachelors degree from a recognised university in a relevant subject with an overall grade of 85%.
AAB	Pass year 1 of a Bachelors degree from a recognised university in a relevant subject with an overall grade of 80%.
ABB	Pass year 1 of a Bachelors degree from a recognised university in a relevant subject with an overall grade of 80%.

Note: The Kotogakko Sotsugyo Shomeisho is not suitable for direct entry. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry.

The Attestat o Srednem Obrazovami (Certificate of Secondary Education) is not suitable for direct entry without additional qualifications.

The below qualifications can be accepted for direct entry:

One year of study on a bachelor’s degree in a relevant subject at a Kazakh University with a minimum GPA of 3.0/4.0 or 4.0/5.0

The Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE) qualification is not suitable for direct entry into year one of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).

Diplomë për kryerjen e shkollës së mesme të lartë is currently not accepted for direct entry to any of our bachelor degree programmes. Candidates should take a foundation course, or other suitable programme such as A-levels.

The Al-Thanawayaa or Tawjihyah are not suitable for direct entry. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry, please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information.

The Latvian Atestats par visparejo videjo izglitibu is currently not accepted for direct entry to any of our bachelor degree programmes. Candidates should take a foundation course, or other suitable programme such as A-levels.

The Lebanese Baccalaureate or Baccalauréat Général are not suitable for direct entry. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry.

The high school qualification from Lesotho is not suitable for direct entry into year one of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).

The Liberian Senior High School Certificate Examination qualification is not suitable for direct entry into year one of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).

The Libyan Secondary Education Certificate qualification is not suitable for direct entry into year one of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).

A Level	Liechtenstein Matura
AAA	6.0 overall including at least 6 in two subjects and 5 in one
A*AA	6.0 overall including at least 6 in two subjects and 5 in one
AAA	6.0 overall including at least 5 in three subjects
AAB	5.5 overall including at least 5 in two subjects and 4 in one
ABB	5.5 overall including at least 5 in one subject and 4 in two

A Level	Brandos Atestatas (Certificate of Maturity from a Gymnasium or Secondary School)
AAA	Overall average 9.5 in the school matura, to include at least three state examinations at 95%, 95%, 90%
A*AA	Overall average 9.5 in the school matura, to include at least three state examinations at 95%, 90%, 90%
AAA	Overall average 9 in the school matura, to include at least three state examinations at 90%, 90%, 90%
AAB	Overall average 9 in the school matura, to include at least three state examinations at 90%, 90%, 85%
ABB	Overall average 9 in the school matura, to include at least three state examinations at 90%, 85%, 85%

A Level	Diplôme de Fin d'Etudes Secondaires
AAA	Pass with an overall score of 50 or above with a minimum of 50 points in required subjects.
A*AA	Pass with an overall score of 48 or above with a minimum of 50 in required subjects.
AAA	Pass with an overall score of 47 or above with a minimum of 48 in required subjects.
AAB	Pass with an overall score of 46 or above with a minimum of 46 in required subjects.
ABB	Pass with an overall score of 45 or above with a minimum of 45 in required subjects.

Ensino Secundario Complementor

AAA	Ensino Secundário Complementar at GPA 3.2/4 or grade of 19.
A*AA	Ensino Secundário Complementar at GPA 3.2/4 or grade of 19.
AAA	Ensino Secundário Complementar at GPA 3.2/4 or grade of 19.
AAB	Ensino Secundário Complementar at GPA 3.2/4 or grade of 18.
ABB	Ensino Secundário Complementar at GPA 3.2/4 or grade of 18.

The Madagascar high school certificate qualifications such the Diplôme de Bachelier de l’Enseignement Secondaire qualificationa are not suitable for direct entry into year one of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).

The Malawi School Certificate of Education qualification is not suitable for direct entry into year one of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).

STPM

AAA	STPM with a CGPA of 3.5 or higher.
A*AA	STPM with a CGPA of 3.3 or higher.
AAA	STPM with a CGPA of 3.2 or higher.
AAB	STPM with a CGPA of 3.1 or higher.
ABB	STPM with a CGPA of 3.0 or higher.

Post-SPM Diploma

AAA	Post-SPM Diploma with a CGPA 3.5 or higher.
A*AA	Post-SPM Diploma with a CGPA 3.3 or higher.
AAA	Post-SPM Diploma with a CGPA 3.2 or higher.
AAB	Post-SPM Diploma with a CGPA 3.1 or higher.
ABB	Post-SPM Diploma with a CGPA 3.0 or higher.

Matriculation Certificate

AAA	Matriculation Certificate with a GPA of 3.7 or higher.
A*AA	Matriculation Certificate with a GPA of 3.5 or higher.
AAA	Matriculation Certificate with a GPA of 3.4 or higher.
AAB	Matriculation Certificate with a GPA of 3.3 or higher.
ABB	Matriculation Certificate with a GPA of 3.2 or higher.

Centre for Foundation Studies, IIUM

A*AA	GPA 3.8 or higher
A*AA	GPA 3.6 or higher
AAA	GPA 3.5 or higher
AAB	GPA 3.4 or higher
ABB	GPA 3.3 or higher

UEC – United Examination Certificate

5 academic subjects (including any subject specific requirements) excluding Chinese, Malay Language
and Book Keeping and Commerce.
Equivalent offers to A Levels listed below

AAA	A1,A1,A2,A2,A2
A*AA	A1,A2,A2,A2,A2
AAA	A2,A2,A2,A2,A2
AAB	4 x A1 or A2, 1xB3
ABB	3 x A1 or A2, 2xB3

A Level	Advanced Matriculation (AM) / Matriculation Certificate Examination- (as examined by University of Malta (MATSEC) only)
AAA	Pass with AA at Advanced Level and AAA at Intermediate level. Excludes Intermediate Level in Systems of Knowledge
A*AA	Pass with AA at Advanced Level and AAA at Intermediate level. Excludes Intermediate Level in Systems of Knowledge
AAA	Pass with AA at Advanced Level and AAB at Intermediate level. Excludes Intermediate Level in Systems of Knowledge
AAB	Pass with AA at Advanced Level and AAB at Intermediate level. Excludes Intermediate Level in Systems of Knowledge
ABB	Pass with AB at Advanced Level and ABB at Intermediate level. Excludes Intermediate Level in Systems of Knowledge

The Brevet d'Aptitude Professionnelle from Mauritius qualification is not suitable for direct entry into year one of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).

The Bachillerato is not suitable for direct entry. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry, please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information.

Applicants who have successfully completed Year 1 of their undergraduate degree at good, recognised Mexican institutions with good grades could also be considered for direct entry on a case-by-case basis.

The Diploma de Bacalaureat is currently not accepted for direct entry to any of our bachelor degree programmes. Candidates should take a foundation course, or other suitable programme such as A-levels.

A Level	Diploma o polozenom maturskom ispitu
AAA	5,5,5,5 with 5 in required subjects.
A*AA	5,5,5,5 with 5 in required subjects.
AAA	5,5,5,4 with 5 in required subjects.
AAB	5,5,4,4 with 5 in required subjects
ABB	5,4,4,4 with 4.5 in required subjects.

The Diplôme du Baccalauréat / Diplôme du Baccalauréat Technique (School Certificate) qualification is not suitable for direct entry into year one of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).

The Mozambique General Secondary Education Certificate qualification (Certificado de Habilitções Literarias) qualification is not suitable for direct entry into year one of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).

Cambridge GCE ‘A’ levels – grades at departmental level in three subjects (A*A*A – ABB)
The Basic Education High School examination/matriculation is not sufficient for direct entry onto an undergraduate programme at Durham. It can be used to meet GCSE subject requirements where grades of 40% or more have been obtained.

The Namibia Senior Secondary Certificate (NSSC) qualification is not suitable for direct entry into year one of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).

A Level	VWO (Voorbereidend Wetenschappelijk Onderwijs)
AAA	Minimum of grade 8.5 overall plus three subjects with a minimum of grade 9, 9, 8 – with minimum of 8.5 in any required subject(s).
A*AA	Minimum of grade 8.3 overall plus three subjects with a minimum of grade 9, 8, 8 – with minimum of 8 in any required subject(s).
AAA	Minimum of grade 8 overall plus three subjects with a minimum of grade 8, 8, 8 – with minimum of 8 in any required subject(s).
AAB	Minimum of grade 7.8 overall plus three subjects with a minimum of grade 8, 8, 7 – with minimum of 8 in any required subject(s).
ABB	Minimum of grade 7.5 overall plus three subjects with a minimum of grade 8, 7, 7 – with minimum of 7.5 in any required subject(s).

The Senior School Certificate (SSCE/WAEC/ NECO) qualification is not suitable for direct entry into year one of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).

A Level	Macedonian Secondary School Leaving Diploma/Matura
AAA	An overall grade of 5.0, with 5.0 in required subject(s).
A*AA	An overall grade of 4.9 – 4.99, with 5.0 in required subject(s).
AAA	An overall grade of 4.8 – 4.89, with 5.0 in required subject(s).
AAB	An overall grade of 4.7 – 4.79, with 5.0 in required subject(s).
ABB	An overall grade of 4.7 – 4.79, with 5.0 in required subject(s).

A Level	Norweigan Vitnemål fra den Videregående Skole (VVO)
AAA	Overall grade 5 with minimum of 5 in required subject(s).
A*AA	Overall grade 4.9 with minimum of 5 in required subject(s).
AAA	Overall grade 4.8 with minimum of 5 in required subject(s).
AAB	Overall grade 4.7 with minimum of 5 in required subject(s).
ABB	Overall grade 4.7 with minimum of 5 in required subject(s).

Maths

Students applying for mathematics or science-based programmes which require mathematics and further mathematics at A- level will require VVO mathematics at R1 followed by R2 level

S2 mathematics is required for applicants to Social Science programmes which require Maths A- level

AAA	Pass year 1 of a Bachelors degree from a recognised university in a relevant subject with an overall grade of 65%+ (1st Division).
A*AA	Pass year 1 of a Bachelors degree from a recognised university in a relevant subject with an overall grade of 65%+ (1st Division).
AAA	Pass year 1 of a Bachelors degree from a recognised university in a relevant subject with an overall grade of 65%+ (1st Division).
AAB	Pass year 1 of a Bachelors degree from a recognised university in a relevant subject with an overall grade of 60%+ (1st Division).
ABB	Pass year 1 of a Bachelors degree from a recognised university in a relevant subject with an overall grade of 60%+ (1st Division).

The Higher Secondary Certificate is not suitable for direct entry. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry, please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).

Certificado de Educación Secundaria Común Completa is not suitable for direct entry. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).

Applicants who have successfully completed Year 1 of their undergraduate degree at good, recognised Peruvian institutions with good grades could also be considered for direct entry on a case-by-case basis.

The High School Diploma is not suitable for direct entry. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry.

A Level	Polish Swiadectwo Dojrzałości / Matura
AAA	Overall average of 90% or above to include at least 3 advanced level courses, 2 of which are at 90% or above with the other advanced level course at 85% including required subject(s).
A*AA	Overall average of 90% or above overall (to include at least 3 advanced level courses, 1 of which is at 90% or above with the other 2 advanced level courses at 85%) including required subject(s).
AAA	Overall average of 85% or above overall (to include at least 3 advanced level courses at 85%) including required subject(s).
AAB	Overall average of 80% or above (to include at least 3 advanced level courses, 1 of which is at 85% or above with the other 2 advanced level courses at 80%)
ABB	Overall average of 80% or above (to include at least 3 advanced level courses, 2 of which are at 80% or above with the other advanced level course at 75%)

A Level	Diploma Nível Secundário de Educação / Certificado Nível Secundário de Educação
AAA	Overall average score of 19 or above with 19 in at least three subjects including required subject(s).
A*AA	Overall average score of 18 or above with 19 in at least two subjects including required subject(s) and one subject at 18.
AAA	Overall average score of 18 or above with 18 in at least three subjects including required subject(s).
AAB	Overall average score of 18 or above with 18 in at least two subjects including required subject(s) and one subject at 17.
ABB	Overall average score of 17 or above with 18 in at least one subject including required subject(s) and two subjects at 17.

The Al-Thanawayaa or Tawjihyah are not suitable for direct entry. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry.

A Level	Diplomă de Bacalaureat
AAA	Minimum 9.5 overall with at least 9.5 in two subjects plus at least 9.0 in one subject to include required subject(s).
A*AA	Minimum 9.3 overall with at least 9.5 in two subjects plus at least 9.0 in one subject to include required subject(s).
AAA	Minimum 9.0 overall with at least 9.0 in three subjects to include required subject(s).
AAB	Minimum 8.7 overall with at least 9.0 in two subjects plus at least 8.5 in one subject to include required subject(s).
ABB	Minimum 8.5 overall with at least 9.0 in one subject plus at least 8.5 in two subjects to include required subject(s).

The Russian (Attestat) Certificate of Secondary Education at grade 11 is not sufficient for direct entry.

Applicants with at least two years of a Bachelor’s Degree or Specialist Diploma in a relevant subject with an average score of 4/5 may be considered for first year entry to undergraduate programmes.

A Level	Two years of a Bachelor’s Degree or Specialist Diploma at a Russian University
AAA	An average overall GPA of 4.5/5.0
A*AA
AAA	An average overall GPA of 4.0/5.0
AAB
ABB

The Advanced General Certificate of Secondary Education qualification is not suitable for direct entry into year one of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).

The General Secondary Education Certificate (Tawjihyah) qualification is not suitable for direct entry into year one of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).

The Diplôme de Bachelier de l'Enseignement due Second Degré / Baccaluareat de l'Enseignement Secondaire qualification qualification is not suitable for direct entry into year one of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).

A Level	Диплома о стеченом среднем образованиy / Diploma o stecenom srednem obrazovanju (Diploma of Completed Secondary Education) / Matura (less than 5 years)
AAA	Overall average score of 5, with 5 in required subject(s).
A*AA	Overall average score of 5, with 5 in required subject(s).
AAA	Overall average score of 5, with 5 in required subject(s).
AAB	Overall average score of 4.5, with 5 in required subject(s).
ABB	Overall average score of 4.5, with 5 in required subject(s).

The West African Senior School Certificate Examinations (SSCE/WAEC/ NECO) qualification is not suitable for direct entry into year one of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).

Applicants who have successfully completed the first year of a bachelor’s degree in Sierra Leone will be considered for admission to the first year of our bachelor’s degree course.

A Level	Bachelor’s Degree (1st year grade)
AAA	Over 90%
A*AA	80%
AAA	70%
AAB	65%
ABB	60%

Singapore Cambridge A-levels	AAA	Singapore Cambridge A-levels with AAA at H2 level or better.
A*AA	Singapore Cambridge A-levels with AAA at H2 level or better.
AAA	Singapore Cambridge A-levels with AAA at H2 level or better.
AAB	Singapore Cambridge A-levels with AAB at H2 level or better.
ABB	Singapore Cambridge A-levels with ABB at H2 level or better.
Polytechnic Diploma	AAA	Singapore Polytechnic Diploma with a CGPA of 3.3.
A*AA	Singapore Polytechnic Diploma with a CGPA of 3.3.
AAA	Singapore Polytechnic Diploma with a CGPA of 3.2.
AAB	Singapore Polytechnic Diploma with a CGPA of 3.1.
ABB	Singapore Polytechnic Diploma with a CGPA of 3.0.
NUS High School	AAA	NUS High School (Cumulative Average Point [CAP]) with a CGPA of 4.2.
A*AA	NUS High School (Cumulative Average Point [CAP]) with a CGPA of 4.2.
AAA	NUS High School (Cumulative Average Point [CAP]) with a CGPA of 4.2.
AAB	NUS High School (Cumulative Average Point [CAP]) with a CGPA of 4.0.
ABB	NUS High School (Cumulative Average Point [CAP]) with a CGPA of 4.0.

First year entry to relevant undergraduate programmes, except Engineering (see Engineering requirements below). 3-year Diploma from a recognised Polytechnic in Singapore in a relevant subject with the following grades;

A*A*A programmes = GPA 3.3 or higher
A*AA programmes = GPA 3.3 or higher
AAA programmes = GPA 3.2 or higher
AAB programmes = GPA 3.1 or higher
ABB programmes = GPA 3.0 or higher
A Ministry, Polytechnic, OR National Service letter can be used in lieu of IELTS if the qualification is less than two years old

Recognised Polytechnics

Nanyang Polytechnic (NYP)
Ngee Ann Polytechnic (NP)
Republic Polytechnic (RP)
Singapore Polytechnic (SP)
Temasek Polytechnic (TP)

Durham’s Department of Engineering will consider applications for 2nd year entry to its BEng General Engineering programme. Applicants must pass the Polytechnic Diploma in engineering from one of the five listed Polytechnics above, with a GPA of 3.3 or higher, plus obtain high grades - B+ or 80% or GPA 3.5, in both mathematics and physics. Please note: Polytechnic Diploma holders are not required to take IELTS. There is exemption in place (see below)

Applicants with a Diploma in Law and Management from Temasek Polytechnic - GPA of 3.3 plus satisfactory LNAT scores, can be considered for year one entry to LLB

Applicants with a Diploma in Management Studies from the Singapore Institute of Management, can be considered for year one entry to Durham University Business School’s BA Business & Management and BA Marketing & Management programmes, providing they achieve a B+ or above average grade from the SIM Diploma in Management Studies and IELTS of 6.5 with no element below 6, or a University approved equivalent.

A Level	Maturitná skúška / Maturita
AAA	výborný (1) in the majority of subjects, and at least 4 subjects should be taken, with 85% in required subject(s).
A*AA	výborný (1) in the majority of subjects, and at least 4 subjects should be taken, with 85% in required subject(s).
AAA	výborný (1) in the majority of subjects, and at least 4 subjects should be taken, with 85% in required subject(s).
AAB	výborný (1) in the majority of subjects, and at least 4 subjects should be taken, with 85% in required subject(s).
ABB	výborný (1) in the majority of subjects, and at least 4 subjects should be taken, with 85% in required subject(s).

A Level	Slovenian Matura / Secondary School Leaving Diploma
AAA	Successfully complete the Matura examinations with a minimum score of 5,5,5,5,5 in five individual subjects (including two higher level subjects).
A*AA	Successfully complete the Matura examinations with a minimum score of 5,5,5,5,4 in five individual subjects (including two higher level subjects).
AAA	Successfully complete the Matura examinations with a minimum score of 5,5,5,4,4 in five individual subjects (including two higher level subjects).
AAB	Successfully complete the Matura examinations with a minimum score of 5,5,4,4,4 in five individual subjects (including two higher level subjects).
ABB	Successfully complete the Matura examinations with a minimum score of 5,4,4,4,4 in five individual subjects (including two higher level subjects).

Note: Higher level mathematics or higher level in a language may be required for some programmes (any programme requiring an A-level in maths or an A-level in a language) and students should achieve a mark of between 6 – 8. In such a case, this grade would replace one of the specified grades.

The Somalian High School Certificate qualification is not suitable for direct entry into year one of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).

The National Senior Certificate (NSC) can be accepted for entry to year one of undergraduate programmes.

Qualifications accepted:

A Level	National Senior School Certificate (including delivered by the IEB boards)
AAA	77777
A*AA	77776
AAA	77766
AAB	77666
ABB	76666

A-Level Grade	A*	A	B
NSC	7	7	7
Percentage equivalent	80-100%	80-100%	70-79%

Subject specific equivalencies

A Level	Matriculation programme	Exam Grade
A Level Biology	NSC Biology	7
A Level Chemistry	NSC Chemistry	7
A Level English	NSC English	7
A Level History	NSC History	7
A Level Mathematics	Core Mathematics	7
A Level Music	NSC Music	7
A Level Physics	NSC Physics	7
GCSE Mathematics	Mathematics Literacy	6

Note: Life Orientation is not accepted as an A-Level equivalent.

A Level	Junior College Diploma or Associates Degree (both minimum 3 year study)	Year One at a South Korean University
AAA	3.5/4.5 GPA or overall score of 87% in a relevant subject	3.5/4.0 GPA or overall score of 85% in a relevant subject
A*AA	3.5/4.5 GPA or overall score of 85% in a relevant subject	3.0/4.0 GPA or overall score of 83% in a relevant subject
AAA
AAB
ABB

Note: The High School Diploma is not suitable for direct entry. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry, please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information.

The Certificate of Secondary Education (CSE) qualification is not suitable for direct entry into year one of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).

A Level	Curso de Orientación Universitaria (COU) / Título de Bachillerato
AAA	Overall 9.2 or above
A*AA	Overall 9.0 or above
AAA	Overall 8.8 or above
AAB	Overall 8.5 or above
ABB	Overall 8.0 or above

Note: 9 may be required in specified required subjects, and Faculty of Science courses/departments require the Science and Technology strand.

AAA	Sri Lankan GCE A-Levels with grades AAA (grades 90%/90%/85%)
A*AA	Sri Lankan GCE A-Levels with grades AAA (grades 90%/85%/85%)
AAA	Sri Lankan GCE A-Levels with grades AAA (grades all 85% or above)
AAB	Sri Lankan GCE A-Levels with grades AAB (grades 85%/85%/74%)
ABB	Sri Lankan GCE A-Levels with grades ABB (grades 85%/74%/74%)

The Certificate of Secondary Education (Maw 6) is not suitable for direct entry. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry.

The Sudanese Secondary School Certificate is not suitable for direct entry into year one of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).

A Level	Avgångsbetyg / Slutbetyg från Gymnasieskola (previously Studentexamen) (Upper Secondary School Leaving Certificate)
AAA	2500 credits taken with an overall score of 19.5 including ABB in specified subjects
A*AA
AAA	2500 credits taken with an overall score of 19.0 including BBB in specified subjects
AAB
ABB	2500 credits taken with an overall score of 16.0 including BBC in specified subjects

A Level	Federal Maturity Certificate/ Maturitätszeugnis/ Certificat de Maturité/ Baccalauréat/ Attestato di Maturità
AAA	Overall score of 5.5 with 5.5 in required subject(s)
A*AA	Overall score of 5.2 with 5 in required subject(s)
AAA	Overall score of 5 with 5 in required subject(s)
AAB	Overall score of 4.8 with 5 in required subject(s)
ABB	Overall score of 4.6 with 4.5 in required subject(s)

AAA	Pass year 1 of a Bachelors degree at a recognised university in a relevant subject with an overall grade of 90% or higher.
A*AA	Pass year 1 of a Bachelors degree at a recognised university in a relevant subject with an overall grade of 85% or higher.
AAA	Pass year 1 of a Bachelors degree at a recognised university in a relevant subject with an overall grade of 85% or higher.
AAB	Pass year 1 of a Bachelors degree at a recognised university in a relevant subject with an overall grade of 80% or higher.
ABB	Pass year 1 of a Bachelors degree at a recognised university in a relevant subject with an overall grade of 80% or higher.

Junior College Diploma

AAA	Junior College Diploma in a relevant subject with an overall grade of 87% or higher.
A*AA	Junior College Diploma in a relevant subject with an overall grade of 85% or higher.
AAA	Junior College Diploma in a relevant subject with an overall grade of 85% or higher.
AAB	Junior College Diploma in a relevant subject with an overall grade of 80% or higher.
ABB	Junior College Diploma in a relevant subject with an overall grade of 80% or higher.

Note: The Senior High School Leaving Certificate is not suitable for direct entry. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry.

The Tanzanian Advanced Certificate of Secondary Education Examination (ACSEE) exams can be considered for direct entry onto our undergraduate courses.

Award of the Advanced Certificate of Secondary Education Examination (ACSEE) with the following grades in principal level subjects will be considered:

Qualifications accepted:

A Level	Advanced Certificate of Secondary Education (ACSE)
AAA	AAA
A*AA	AAA
AAA	AAA
AAB	AAB
ABB	AAB

A-Level Grade	A*	A	B
Advanced Certificate of Secondary Education (ACSE)	A	A	B

AAA	Pass year 1 of a Bachelors degree from a recognised university in a relevant subject with a CGPA of 3.4 or higher.
A*AA	Pass year 1 of a Bachelors degree from a recognised university in a relevant subject with a CGPA of 3.3 or higher.
AAA	Pass year 1 of a Bachelors degree from a recognised university in a relevant subject with a CGPA of 3.2 or higher.
AAB	Pass year 1 of a Bachelors degree from a recognised university in a relevant subject with a CGPA of 3.2 or higher.
ABB	Pass year 1 of a Bachelors degree from a recognised university in a relevant subject with a CGPA of 3.1 or higher.

The Certificate of Secondary Education (Maw 6) is not suitable for direct entry. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry.

The Togolese Baccalauréat qualification is not suitable for direct entry into year one of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).

The Tunisian High School curriculum (Diplôme de Baccalauréat) qualification is not suitable for direct entry into year one of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).

A Level	Devlet Lise Diplomasi (State High School Diploma) or Lise Bitirme Diplomasi (Private High School Finishing Diploma)
AAA	Final year (year 12) grade of 86% or higher – with 85% in required subjects – provided the school is on the approved high school list
A*AA	Final year (year 12) grade of 86% or higher – with 85% in required subjects – provided the school is on the approved high school list
AAA	Final year (year 12) grade of 85% or higher – with 85% in required subjects – provided the school is on the approved high school list
AAB	Final year (year 12) grade of 84% or higher – with 85% in required subjects – provided the school is on the approved high school list
ABB	Final year (year 12) grade of 83% or higher – with 85% in required subjects – provided the school is on the approved high school list

If you are unsure whether your school is on our approved high school list for the Turkish Diplomasi please contact us here to confirm.

Students studying IB, American APs/SATs, or other recognised international qualifications in addition to the Turkish Diplomasi will ordinarily be made an either/ or offer on both systems.

We accept one of the below:

Applicants with a Uganda Advanced Certificate of Education (UACE) will be considered on the same basis as UK A-level applicants.
Applicants with a Cambridge Overseas Higher School Certificate (COHSC) will be considered on the same basis as UK A-level applicants.

The Ukrainian Certificate of Secondary School Education (Atestat pro Povnu Zagal'nu Sersdniu Osvitu) is currently not accepted for direct entry to any of our bachelor degree programmes. Candidates should take a foundation course, or other suitable programme such as A-levels.

The Al-Thanawayaa or Tawjihyah are not suitable for direct entry. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry.

For students attending a school with AP curriculum

If your school offers AP curriculum, you will need to submit a minimum of two AP exam scores in order to meet the academic entry requirements for your degree programme of choice. Please note that you must sit and submit the examinations, we will not accept the course grade. If there is a specific subject required for admission, you must evidence this with an AP exam. For some programmes, one AP may be sufficient alongside two additional qualifications listed below.

A-Level Requirement

Three APs

Two APs and one additional qualification

A*A*A

Three AP test scores of:

5,5,5

Two AP test scores of: 5,5

PLUS one of the following:

Honours Course: A+
SAT I: 1390 (min 720 RW, 650 M)
ACT: 30
One year-long equivalent Dual Enrolment/College course at A

A*AA

Three AP test scores of:

5,5,5

Two AP test scores of: 5,5

PLUS one of the following:

SAT I: 1350 (min 700 RW, 650 M)
ACT: 30
Honours Course: A+
One year-long equivalent Dual Enrolment/College course at A

AAA

Three AP test scores of:

5,5,5

Four AP test scores of:

5,5,4,4

Two AP test scores of: 5,5

PLUS one of the following:

SAT I: 1350 (min 700 RW, 650 M)
ACT: 30
Honours Course: A
One year-long equivalent Dual Enrolment/College course at A

AAB

Three AP test scores of:

5,4,4

Two AP test scores of: 5,4

PLUS one of the following:

SAT I: 1290 (min 650 RW, 620 M)
ACT: 28
Honours Course: B+
One year-long equivalent Dual Enrolment/College course at A

ABB

Three AP test scores of:

5,4,4

Two AP test scores of: 5,4

PLUS one of the following:

SAT I: 1290 (min 650 RW, 620 M)
ACT: 28
Honours course at B+
One year-long equivalent Dual Enrolment/College course at A

For students attending a school that does not offer AP curriculum, read our entry requirements here.

AAA	Pass year 1 of a Bachelors degree from a recognised university in a relevant subject with a CGPA of 7.3 or higher.
A*AA	Pass year 1 of a Bachelors degree from a recognised university in a relevant subject with a CGPA of 7.3 or higher.
AAA	Pass year 1 of a Bachelors degree from a recognised university in a relevant subject with a CGPA of 7.2 or higher.
AAB	Pass year 1 of a Bachelors degree from a recognised university in a relevant subject with a CGPA of 7.0 or higher.
ABB	Pass year 1 of a Bachelors degree from a recognised university in a relevant subject with a CGPA of 6.8 or higher.

The Upper Secondary School Graduation Diploma is not suitable for direct entry. However, it can be considered on a case-by-case basis to fulfil GCSE requirements. Every subject passed in Upper Secondary School Graduate Diploma at grade 5-10 is comparable to GCSE A*C/9-5. English Language is comparable to Second Language only.

The Zambian High School Certificate qualification is not suitable for direct entry into year one of an undergraduate degree. We require students to complete an alternative qualification or a foundation programme for direct entry (please visit our Durham University International Study Centre website for more information).

We accept applicants with Zimbabwe General Certificate of Education at Advanced Level (ZIMSEC A-Levels) for direct entry into undergraduate programmes.

Qualiication accepted:

A Level	ZIMSEC A-level
AAA	ZIMSEC A-level Certificate with AAA
A*AA	ZIMSEC A-level Certificate with AAA
AAA	ZIMSEC A-level Certificate with AAA
AAB	ZIMSEC A-level Certificate with AAB
ABB	ZIMSEC A-level Certificate with ABB

Other UK qualifications EU qualifications International qualifications International students who do not meet direct entry requirements for this degree might have the option to complete an International Foundation Year. Home students who do not meet our direct entry requirements may be eligible for our Foundation Programme which offers multidisciplinary programmes to prepare you for a range of specified degree programmes.

Fees and funding

Choose which fees you want to see:

Home / Island students

£14,500 per year

International / EU students

£32,900 per year

The tuition fees shown are for one complete academic year of study and are set according to the academic year of entry. Fees will be subject to an annual inflationary increase and are expected to rise throughout the programme of study. The fee listed above is for the first year of the course only.

More information is available here: Tuition fees - how much are they - Durham University

Department information

The Department of Biosciences considers global issues such as healthy ageing, food security and control of disease and the existential conditions of climate change and sustainability. Our academic goal is to develop workable responses that will help to improve lives and environments worldwide. We take a research-led approach to teaching that develops both the theoretical and practical knowledge that is needed in order to be able to contribute in a meaningful way to tackling these issues. Learning in the Department benefits from being informed by global scientific advances and the national and international priorities of governments and organisations at a time when biosciences have never been more important. The expertise of our academic staff is wide-ranging. Specialisms feature bacteria, plants, animals and humans with an emphasis on biotic and abiotic stress, signalling and environmental adaptation, cell structure, function and development, and human health and disease. Reflecting the constant change and growth of bioscience we encourage interdisciplinary-based partnerships such as Chemical Biology with the Department of Chemistry and Behavioural Ecology with the Department of Anthropology. We have an engaged and vibrant community of more than a hundred postgraduate students and researchers, who come here from all over the world to conduct their research and develop their skills. Postgraduate biosciences at Durham provides a unique opportunity to really shape the future. For more information see our department pages.

Facilities

The Department of Biosciences is located in a UNESCO World Heritage site, a short walk from the historic centre of Durham. Other academic departments and university services such as libraries and museums can be found nearby. In the Department itself, we have a huge range of state-of-the-art technology, which is widely used by the postgraduate community for research work. The highly specialised equipment includes electron and confocal laser scanning microscopy, transgenic studies, genomics, DNA analysis and proteomics, bioinformatics, remote sensing, ecological field sampling and computer modelling. Other departmental facilities are also world-class, including extensive greenhouses, environmental control chambers, cell technology facilities, microscopy suite, facilities for next generation sequencing and proteomics, and dedicated powerful computers for bioinformatics.
Find out more

Employability

As a biosciences postgraduate, you receive the essential skills and knowledge that come with research-led teaching, enabling you to continue your academic work at a higher level. Your experience in the Department also develops more personal attributes, sought by employers, to help you take the step into a stimulating and rewarding professional career. Recent postgraduates have gone on to succeed in a wide range of roles in teaching, the health sector, industrial R&D and biotechnology, management, accountancy, conservation, ecological and environmental services, journalism, environmental and biological patent law, pharmaceuticals, the civil service and the armed services. Whether you choose to follow a research or employment path, you will be equipped with up-to-date skills and knowledge that you can use to help society tackle global challenges related to humankind, the climate and the environment.

More Information

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Institution code:
UCAS code: C2K009

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MSc Plant Biotechnology and Enterprise

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Associates Degree

STPM

Post-SPM Diploma

Matriculation Certificate

Centre for Foundation Studies, IIUM

UEC – United Examination Certificate

Junior College Diploma

For students attending a school with AP curriculum

For students attending a school that does not offer AP curriculum, read our entry requirements here.

Fees and funding

Department information

Facilities

Employability

More Information

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