Staff profile

Personal webpage

Grant Ingram graduated from Durham University in 1997 on the first cohort of the then brand new MEng degree. After two years in the electricity supply industry working on power stations large and small he returned to Durham to complete a PhD sponsored by Rolls-Royce. Technology developed in conjunction with his work is now flying around in aeroplanes around the world.

Following the successful conclusion of his PhD, Grant spent a year working at Newcastle University before joining the School as Lecturer in September 2005.

Since then he has worked on two key areas of research: conventional turbomachinery and renewable devices. Both of these activities are approached from a fluid dynamics background with a focus on improving engineering designs and processes. 

Notable projects include work on axial flow turbine aerodynamics, his work on blade lean and profiled endwalls in turbomachinery won the PE Publishing Prize for the best paper published in the Journal of Power and Energy in 2008. Also on the conventional turbomachinery side he has conducted research on steam turbine diffusers and innovative sealing concepts for turbine applications. On the renewable side of his research he has also examined the starting process of both vertical and horizontal axis wind turbines and worked on applying fluid dynamics techniques to the real time thermal rating of power cables.

Research Interests

• Turbomachinery: axial flow turbines and compressors. Gas turbines, steam turbines and aeroengines. Profiled endwalls, three dimensional blading, secondary flow, diffusers and turbomachinery aerodynamics. 
• Wind turbines: horizontal and vertical axis turbines. Wind turbine startup, energy yield, aerodynamics. 
• Wind flow over terrain for real time thermal ratings. 

Teaching Activity

In 2009 Grant Ingram authored an electronic book entitled "Basic Concepts in Turbomachinery" which is a basic introduction to be read before more complex texts. This book is a free download. 

Within the School he has lectured at all levels on subjects including: Thermodynamics, Fluid Mechanics, Aeromechanics and Turbomachinery.

More recently as L4 Tutor he has prepared a series of on-line videos to supplement the course handbook and talks. These are available as a youtube channel. 

Available for media contact about:

• Engineering: Turbomachinery: machinery that rotates and extracts or delivers power to a fluid. So aircraft engines, steam turbines, wind turbines, pumps and fans.

Authored book

• Ingram, Grant. (2009). Basic Concepts in Turbomachinery. Ventus Publishing ApS.

Conference Paper

• MacCalman, James, Hogg, Simon & Ingram, Grant (2018), Application of fluidic curtains to turbine rotor tip seal geometries, ASME Turbo Expo 2018. Lillestrøm, Norway, ASME, V008T29A017.
• Abdelsalam, Tarek I., Williams, Richard & Ingram, Grant (2017), Exploiting modern image processing in surface flow visualisation, 1st Global Power and Propulsion Forum. Zurich, Switzerland, Global Power and Propulsion Society (GPPS), GPPF-2017-18.
• Messenger, Andrew, Williams, Richard, Ingram, Grant, Hogg, Simon, Tibos, Stacie & Seaton, Jon (2015), A Dynamic Clearance Seal for Steam Turbine Application, 8: ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Montreal, American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), New York, V008T26A031.
• Hawes, Craig, Williams, Richard & Ingram, Grant (2015), Investigating Endwall-Blade Fillet Radius Variation to Reduce Secondary Flow Losses, 11th European Conference on Turbomachinery Fluid Dynamics and Thermodynamics. Madrid, Spain, European Turbomachinery Society, ETC2015-089.
• Hilfer, Michael, Hogg, Simon & Ingram, Grant (2015), Experimental Validation of a Curtain Type Fluidic Jet Seal on a Turbine Rotor Shroud, 5C: ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Montreal, Canada, American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), New York, V05CT15A012.
• Mank, Sebastian, Duerrwaechter, Lukas, Hilfer, Michael, Williams, Richard, Hogg, Simon & Ingram, Grant (2014), Secondary Flows and Fillet Radii in a Linear Turbine Cascade, GT2014-25458: ASME Turbo Expo 2014. Düsseldorf, Germany, ASME, Düsseldorf, V02CT38A011.
• Worasinchai, Supakit, Ingram, Grant & Dominy, Robert G. (2014), The Physics of H-Darrieus Turbine Starting Behaviour, ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. Düsseldorf, Germany, American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), V03BT46A008.
• Auld, Alison, Hilfer, Michael, Hogg, Simon, Ingram, Grant & Messenger, Andrew (2013), Application of an Air-Curtain Fluidic Jet Type Seal to Reduce Turbine Shroud Leakage, 3A: ASME Turbo Expo 2013. San Antonio, USA, ASME, San Antonio TX, V03AT15A005.
• Burton, Zoe, Ingram, Grant & Hogg, Simon (2013), A Novel Method of Coupling the Steam Turbine Exhaust Hood and the Last Stage Blades Using the Non-Linear Harmonic Method, 5B: ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. San Antonio, USA, ASME, San Antonio TX, V05BT25A006.
• Burton, Zoe, Ingram, Grant & Hogg, Simon (2013), A Generic Steam Turbine Exhaust Diffuser with Tip Leakage Modelling and Non-Uniform Hood Outlet, The 10th European Conference on Turbomachinery Fluid Dynamics and Thermodynamics ETC 10. Lappeenranta, Finland, Lappeenranta.
• Greenwood, David, Ingram, Grant, Taylor, Phil, Collinson, Alan & Brown, Shannon (2013), Network planning case study utilising real-time thermal ratings and computational fluid dynamics, Electricity Distribution (CIRED 2013), 22nd International Conference and Exhibition on Electricity Distribution. Stockholm, Sweden, Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET), 1-4.
• Förster, Felix, Sims-Williams, David & Ingram, Grant (2012), Reconstruction of the Unsteady Pressure Field in a Low Speed Linear Cascade, Turbomachinery, Parts A, B, and C 8: ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. Copenhagen, Denmark, American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), Copenhagen, 2653-2662.
• Hilfer, Michael, Ingram, Grant & Hogg, Simon (2012), Endwall Profiling With Tip Clearance Flows, GT2012-68488: ASME Turbo Expo 2012. Copenhagen, Denmark, Copenhagen, 1099.
• Burton, Zoe, Ingram, Grant & Hogg, Simon (2012), A Generic Low Pressure Exhaust Diffuser for Steam Turbine Research, GT2012-68485: ASME Turbo Expo 2012. Copenhagen, Denmark, ASME, Copenhagen.
• Worasinchai,Supakit Ingram, Grant & Dominy, Robert (2012), The Physics of H-Darrieus Turbines Self-Starting Capability: Flapping-Wing Perspective, ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition.
• Jamie McIntosh, Richard MacPherson, Grant Ingram & Simon Hogg (2011), PROFILED ENDWALL DESIGN USING GENETIC ALGORITHMS WITH DIFFERENT OBJECTIVE FUNCTIONS, 7: Turbomachinery, Parts A, B, and C : ASME 2011 Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, ASME, Vancouver, British Columbia, 2393-2405
• Felix Forster, David Sims-Williams Grant Ingram & Robert Dominy (2011), Time resolved measurements in the Durham Cascade, GT2011-45838: ASME Turbo Expo 2011. Vancouver, Canada, ASME, Vancouver, British Columbia, 761-773.
• Supakit Worasinchai, Grant Ingram & Robert Dominy (2011), THE EFFECTS OF IMPROVED STARTING CAPABILITY ON ENERGY YIELD FOR SMALL HAWTS, GT2011-45674: ASME Turbo Expo 2011. Vancouver, Canada, Vancouver, British Columbia.
• Snedden, G, Dunn,D, Ingram, G & Gregory-Smith, D (2010), The Performance of a Generic Non-Axisymmetric Endwall in a Single Stage, Rotating Turbine at On and Off-Design Conditions, ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea and Air GT2010. Glasgow, UK, ASME, Glasgow, GT2010-22006.
• Williams, R, Ingram, G & Gregory-Smith, D (2010), LARGE TIP CLEARANCE FLOWS IN TWO COMPRESSOR CASCADES, ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea and Air GT2010. Glasgow, UK (Scottish Exhibition & Conference Centre), ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers), Scottish Exhibition & Conference Centre, Glasgow, Paper No. GT2010-22952, 391-402.
• Greaves, P, Dominy, R, Ingram, G & Court, R (2010), Evaluation of Dual Axis Resonant Testing of Wind Turbine Blades, 6th PhD Seminar on Wind Energy in Europe 6th PhD Seminar on Wind Energy in Europe. Trondheim, Norway, The European Academy of Wind Energy, Trondheim.
• MacPherson, Richard & Ingram, Grant (2010), Endwall Profile Design for the Durham Cascade using Genetic Algorithms, Seventh South African Conference on Computational and Applied Mechanics, SACAM10. Pretoria, South Africa, South African Association for Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Pretoria.
• Bagshaw, David., Ingram, Grant., Gregory-Smith, David. & Atkins, W. S. (2009), Vorticity Development in Highly Loaded Cascade Blades, in Heitmeir, F., Martelli, F. & Manna, M. eds, 8th European Conference on Turbomachinery, Fluid Dynamics and Thermodynamics. Graz, Austria., Verlag der TU Graz, Graz, 1277-1287.
• Airoldi,G., Bumby,J.R., Dominy,R.G., Ingram,G.L. Lim,C.H., Mahkamov,K, Brown,N.L., Mebarki,A. & Shannel,M. (2009), Air flow and heat transfer modeling of an axial flux permanent magnet generator, World Academy of Science and Technology 58: International Conference on Computer, Electrical, and Systems Science, and Engineering. Venice, Italy, WASET, Venice, 922-926.
• Snedden G, Dunn D, Ingram GL & Gregory-Smith DG (2009), The Application of Non-axisymmetric Endwall Contouring in a Single Stage, Rotating Turbine, GT2009-59169: Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Land, Sea and Air. Orlando, Florida, USA, ASME, Orlando FL.
• Lim, C.H., Airoldi, G., Bumby, J.R., Dominy, R.G., Ingram, G.L., Mahkamov, K., Brown, N.L., Mebarki, A. & Shannel, M. (2009), 2D lumped parameter model of axial flux permanent magnet generator: investiagations of convective thermal circuits, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 58: International Conference on Computer, Electrical, and Systems Science, and Engineering. Venice, Italy, WASET, Venice, 148-153.
• Williams, Richard, Gregory-Smith, David & Ingram, Grant (2009), Large Tip Clearances and Highly Skewed Inlet Conditions, in Heitmeir, F., Martelli, F. & Manna, M. eds, 8th European Conference on Turbomachinery, Fluid Dynamics and Thermodynamics. Graz, Austria., Verlag der TU Graz, Graz, 355-366.
• Williams, Richard Gregory-Smith, David, He, Li & Ingram, Grant (2008), Experiments and Computations on Large Tip Clearance Effects in a Linear Cascade, Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea and Air Proceedings volume 6: Turbomachinery, Parts A, B, and C: ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea and Air. Berlin, Germany, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Berlin, Paper no. GT2008-50557, pp. 335-347
• Airoldi,G, Brown,NL, Bumby,JR, Dominy,RG, Ingram,GL Mahkamov,K & Shanel,M (2008), CFD Parametric Study on Ventilation of Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Machines, International Conference on Electrical Machines, International Conference on Electrical Machines. Portugal.
• Lim,CH, Brown,NL, Bumby,JR, Dominy,RG, Ingram,GL, Mahkamov,K & Shanel,M (2008), Lumped-Parameter Thermal Modelling of Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Generators, International Conference on Electrical Machines, International Conference on Electrical Machines. Portugal.
• Gregory-Smith, David, Bagshaw, David, Ingram, Grant & Stokes, Mark (2008), Using Profiled Endwalls, Blade Lean and Leading Edge Extensions to Minimize Secondary Flow, 6: Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea and Air. Berlin, Germany, Berlin, 1301-1311.
• Bagshaw, David., Ingram, Grant., Gregory-Smith, David. & Stokes, Mark. (2006), A turbine cascade facility for secondary flow research, ASME Turbo-Expo 2006. Barcelona, Spain, Barcelona.
• Dalton, JA & Ingram, GL (2005), Towards the provision of sustainable development by control of lifecycle design changes, 4th Internation Conference on Design and Manufacture for Sustainable Development. Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne.
• Bagshaw, DA., Ingram, GL., Gregory-Smith, DG. & Stokes, MR (2005), Experimental study of reverse compound lean in a linear turbine cascade, 6th European Conference on Turbomachinery, Fluid Dynamics and Theromdynamics. Lille, France., Lille, AFT-019_02/98.
• Ingram, G., Gregory-Smith, DG. & Harvey, NW (2004), Investigation of a Novel Secondary Flow Feature in a Turbine Cascade with End Wall Profiling, ASME Turbo Expo 2004, Power for Land, Sea & Air. Vienna, Austria., Vienna.
• Ingram, G., Gregory-Smith, D. & Harvey, NW. (2003), Experimental Quantification of The Benefits of End-wall Profiling in a Turbine Cascade, XVI International Symposium on Air Breathing Engines (ISABE). AIAA-2003-1101.
• Ingram, G., Gregory-Smith, D., Rose, M., Harvey, N. & Brennan, G. (2002), The effect of end-wall profiling on secondary flow and loss development in a turbine cascade, ASME Turbo Expo 2002 Land, Sea and Air (GT2002). Amsterdam, The Netherlands, ASME, Amsterdam, 30339.

Doctoral Thesis

• Ingram, Grant. (2003). Endwall Profiling for the Reduction of Secondary Flow in Turbines. School of Engineering. University of Durham. PhD.

Journal Article

• Duffy, Aidan, Ingram, Grant & Hogg, Simon (2022). The Significance of Bypass Transition on the Annual Energy Production of an Offshore Wind Turbine. Wind Energy 25(4): 772-787.
• Hickling, Tom & Ingram, Grant (2020). Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes modelling in transonic S-ducts with passive flow control. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 234(1): 31-45.
• Du, Longhuan, Ingram, Grant & Dominy, Robert (2019). A review of H-Darrieus wind turbine aerodynamic research. Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233(23-24): 7590-7616.
• Du, Longhuan, Ingram, Grant & Dominy, Robert (2019). Experimental study of the effects of turbine solidity, blade profile, pitch angle, surface roughness and aspect ratio on the H-Darrieus wind turbine self-starting and overall performance. Energy Science & Engineering 7(6): 2421-2436.
• Du, Longhuan, Ingram, Grant & Dominy, Robert G. (2019). Time-accurate blade surface static pressure behaviour on a rotating H-Darrieus wind turbine. Wind Energy 22(4): 563-575.
• Snedden, G., Dunn, D. & Ingram, G. (2018). On- and off-design performance of a model rotating turbine with non-axisymmetric endwall contouring and a comparison to cascade data. The Aeronautical Journal 122(1250): 646-665.
• Greenwood, David, Ingram, Grant & Taylor, Philip (2017). Applying Wind Simulations for Planning and Operation of Real-Time Thermal Ratings. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 8(2): 537-547.
• Worasinchai, Supakit, Ingram, Grant L. & Dominy, Robert G. (2016). The Physics of H-Darrieus Turbine Starting Behavior. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 138(6): 062605.
• Cresswell, N., Dominy, R. & Ingram, G. (2015). The Impact of Diffuser Augmentation on a Tidal Stream Turbine. Ocean Engineering 108: 155-163.
• Burton, Zoe, Ingram, Grant & Hogg, Simon (2015). Efficient Methods for Predicting Low Pressure Steam Turbine Exhaust Hood and Diffuser Flows at Design and Off-Design Conditions. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 137(8): 082601.
• Burton, Zoe, Ingram, Grant & Hogg, Simon (2014). The influence of condenser pressure variation and tip leakage on low pressure steam turbine exhaust hood flows. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 228(4): 370-379.
• Burton, Zoe, Hogg, Simon & Ingram, Grant (2014). The Influence of Inlet Asymmetry on Steam Turbine Exhaust Hood Flows. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 136(4): 042602.
• Greenwood, David M., Gentle, Jake P., Myers, Kurt S., Davison, Peter J., West, Isaac J., Bush, Jason W., Ingram, Grant L. & Troffaes, Matthias C. M. (2014). A Comparison of Real Time Thermal Rating Systems in the U.S. and the UK. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 29(4): 1849-1858.
• Worasinchai, Supakit, Ingram, Grant & Dominy, Robert (2013). Unsteady Surface Pressures and Airload of a Pitching Airfoil. Energy Procedia 34: 407-416.
• Burton, Zoe, Ingram, Grant & Hogg, Simon (2013). A Literature Review of Low Pressure Steam Turbine Exhaust Hood and Diffuser Studies. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 135(6): 062001.
• Greaves, P.G., Dominy, R.G., Ingram, G.L., Long, H. & Court, G.L. (2012). Evaluation of dual-axis fatigue testing of large wind turbine blades. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineering Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 226(7): 1693-1704
• Worasinchai, Supakit Ingram, Grant & Dominy, Robert (2012). Effects of Wind Turbine Starting Capability on Energy Yield. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 134(4): 042603.
• S Worasinchai, G Ingram & R Dominy (2011). A low-Reynolds-number, high-angle-of-attack investigation of wind turbine aerofoils. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 225(6): 748-763.
• Williams, RJ, Gregory-Smith, DG, He,Li & Ingram, Grant (2010). Experiments and Computations on Large Tip Clearance Effects in a Linear Cascade. Journal of Turbomachinery 132(2): 021018.
• Lim, C.H., Airoldi, G., Bumby, J.R., Dominy, R.G., Ingram, G.L., Mahkamov, K., Brown, N.L. Mebarki, A. & Shanel, M. (2010). Experimental and CFD investigation of a lumped parameter thermal model of a single-sided, slotted axial flux generator. International Journal of Thermal Sciences 49(9): 1732-1741.
• Hill, N, Dominy, R., Ingram, G. & Dominy, J (2009). Darrieus turbines: the physics of self-starting. Proc. IMechE Part A: J. Power and Energy 223(1): 21-29.
• Bagshaw DA, Ingram GL Gregory-Smith DG & Stokes MR (2008). An experimental study of three-dimensional turbine blades combined with profiled endwalls. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 222(1): 103-110.
• Bagshaw DA Ingram GL Gregory-Smith DG, Stokes MR & Harvey NW (2008). The design of three-dimensional turbine blades combined with profiled endwalls. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 222(1): 93-102.
• Ingram, Grant. & Gregory-Smith, DG. (2006). An Instrumentation System for High Accuracy Measurements in a Low-cost Low-speed Cascade. Journal of Flow Measurement and Instrumentation 17: 23-28.
• Bagshaw, D., Ingram, G., Gregory-Smith, D. G. & Stokes, M. (2005). An experimental study of reverse compound lean in a linear turbine cascade. Proceedings of the I MECH E part A journal of power and energy 219(A6): 443-449.
• Ingram, Grant., Gregory-Smith, David. & Harvey, Neil. (2005). The benefits of turbine endwall profiling in a cascade. Proceedings of the I MECH E part A journal of power and energy 219(1): 49-59.
• Ingram, Grant., Gregory-Smith, D. G. & Harvey, N. W. (2005). Investigation of a novel secondary flow feature in a turbine cascade with end wall profiling. Journal of turbomachinery transactions of the ASME 127(1): 209-214.
• Gregory-Smith, DG., Ingram, Grant., Jayaraman, P., Harvey, NW. & Rose, MG. (2001). Non-axisymmetric turbine end wall profiling. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 215(6): 721-734.