Staff profile

I am an Assistant Professor of Computer Science at Durham University and a Fellow of Durham Energy Institute. Before this, I worked as a research associate at Newcastle University, a research associate at Thapar University (India), a visiting researcher at the University of Klagenfurt (Austria) and in various academic positions for over a decade. I received my PhD from Thapar University (India) and my Master's and Bachelor's degrees from the Punjab Technical University (India).

I recieved the IEEE TCSC Award for Excellence in Scalable Computing (ECR) 2022 for contributions on research and development of sustainable edge-cloud continuum for resource-constrained smart environments. I also received "Early-Career Award 2022 (Runner-up)" from the IEEE TEMS TC on Blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technologies for contributions to the research and teaching in blockchain and distributed leder technologies. I received the 2018 IEEE TCSC Outstanding PhD Dissertation Award for contributions to designing and developing methods for self-sustainable cloud data centres. I also received 2021 IEEE Systems Journal Best Paper Award for my work 'An Adaptive Grid Frequency Support Mechanism for Energy Management in Cloud Data Centers' and TIET Best Paper Award for my work 'Edge Computing in the Industrial Internet of Things Environment: Software-Defined-Networks-Based Edge-Cloud Interplay'.

I worked on various funded research projects awarded by UKRI, EPSRC, the Department of Science and Technology (India), and the Austrian Federal Ministry of Education, Science and Research. Some of my ongoing and completed research projects are listed below.

• CHEDDAR: Communications Hub For Empowering Distributed ClouD Computing Applications And Research (EP/X040518/1) | Funder: EPSRC | £3,028,049 | 01 June 2023 to 31 May 2026
• Virtual Power Plant with Artificial Intelligence for Resilience and Decarbonisation (VPP-WARD) (EP/Y005376/1)  | Funder: UKRI | £1,845,327 | 01 May 2023 to 31 March 2025
• Traffic management in smart cities using IoT for reducing carbon emissions  | Funder: Royal Society International Exchanges | £12,000 | 02 Nov 2022 - 10 Nov 2024
• Carbon-Intelligent Computing for handling Uncertainties in Data Centres | Funder: Durham University SeedCorn Grant |  £11,554 | 01 Mar 2022 - 31 Jul 2023
• QoS-aware Energy Management Scheme for Self-sustainable Data Centres using Renewable Energy Sources (INT/AUSTRIA/BMWF/P-03/2017 and IN/06/2017) | Funder: Department of Science and Technology (DST), India and Austrian Agency for International Cooperation in Education and Research (OeAD-GmbH), Austria | £25,000 | 01 June 2017 to 30 June 2019

I serve as Co-Sectratary, IEEE UK and Ireland Diversity, Equality and Inclusion Committee and Environment Champion (Durham Greenscpace). I led my team in organising workshops (BlockSecSDN, BlockCPS, SecSDN and EdgeAI) with different IEEE Communication Society conferences like IEEE Infocom, IEEE Globecom, IEEE ICC, ACM/IEEE UCC and many more. Contributing to the research community, I serve as an Area Editor for Ad hoc Networks (Elsevier), an Associate Editor for IET Smart Grid, an Associate Editor for Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience (Wiley), and an Associate Editor for Frontier in Internet of Things. I have also served as a Guest Editor for IEEE Transaction on Industrial Informatics, IEEE Wireless Communications and IEEE Network.

Working with Me

The central theme of my research revolves around data-driven applications (smart city, smart grid, Edge-Cloud systems, healthcare systems, transportation systems, drones) with key contributions around energy efficiency, resilience, security, privacy and intelligence. If you aspire to conduct high-quality research, do explore working with me on the following research strands:

• Data-driven and data-intensive cyber-physical systems and digital twins
• AI-based Network Control for SDN-IoT-Edge Systems.
• Edge AI for Future Wireless Systems.
• Blockchain and distributed ledger technologies for Multi-disciplinary applications.
• Privacy (or compliance)-aware Ecosystems or Trusted Cloud Systems.
• Sustainable and Carbon Intelligent Environments

• Sustainable Computing and Energy-efficiency
• Edge-Cloud Computing
• Blockchain and Distributed Ledger Tecnology
• Smart Grid and Electric Vehicles
• Software-defined Networking
• Machine/Deep Learning
• Internet of Things (Smart City, Healthcare Systems, Intelligent Transportation Systems)

• 2024: Workshop Chair ~ BlockSecSDN 2024 (IEEE ICC 2024) (Denver, USA):
• 2024: Seminar ~ EVaaS: Energy Trading in SDN-enabled Smart Transportation System:
• 2024: Workshop Chair ~ EdgeAI-DSN 2024 (ICDCN 2024) (IIT Madras, India): EdgeAI-DSN 2024 Workshop (in conjunction with ICDCN 2024)
• 2023: Workshop Chair ~ BlockSecSDN 2023 (IEEE ICC 2023) (Rome, Italy): 3rd International Workshop on BlockSecSDN: Blockchain for Secure Software-defined Networking in Smart Communities in conjunction with IEEE International Conference on Communications (IEEE ICC 2023), May 28 – June 1, Rome, Italy (https://icc2023.ieee-icc.org/workshop/ws-11-workshop-blocksecsdn-blockchain-secure-software-defined-networking-smart-communities)
• 2023: Associate Editor, Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience (Wiley): January 2023 - 
• 2022: IEEE Technical Committee of Scalable Computing (TCSC) Award for Excellence (Early Career Researcher):
• 2022: IEEE TEMS TC on Blockchain and DLT’s Early-Career Award (Runner Up):
• 2022: TIET Best Paper Award:
• 2022: Workshop Chair ~ BlockCPS2022 (ACM/IEEE UCC 2022) (Portland, Oregon, USA): 2nd International Workshop on Blockchain for Smart Cyber-Physical Systems (Adhering to Security, Trust and Integrity) in conjunction with 15th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Utility and Cloud Computing (IEEE/ACM UCC 2022), December 6-9, 2022 – Portland, Oregon, USA (https://ucc-conference.org/workshops)
• 2022: Workshop Chair ~ BlockSecSDN 2022 (IEEE Globecom 2022) (Seoul, South Korea): 2nd International Workshop on BlockSecSDN: Blockchain for Secure Software-defined Networking in Smart Communities in conjunction with IEEE International Conference on Communications (IEEE ICC 2022), May 16 - 20, Seoul, South Korea (https://icc2022.ieee-icc.org/program/workshops#ws-2)
• 2022: Associate Editor, IET Smart Grid: January 2022 - 
• 2022: Co-Sectratary, IEEE UK and Ireland Diversity, Equality and Inclusion Committee: June 2022 - 
• 2022: Associate Editor, Frontiers in the Internet of Things (IoT Computing Paradigms): November 2022 -
• 2021: Workshop Chair ~ BlockCPS2021 (ACM/IEEE UCC 2020)(Leicester, UK): 1st International Workshop on Blockchain for Smart Cyber-Physical Systems (Adhering to Security, Trust and Integrity) in conjunction with 14th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Utility and Cloud Computing (IEEE/ACM UCC 2021), December 6 - 8, Leicester, UK (https://www.cs.le.ac.uk/events/UCC2021)
• 2021: Keynote Talk ~ Edge-Cloud Interplay using Software-defined Networking for Smart City Applications: 2nd IEEE International Workshop on Smart Computing for Smart Cities (SC2) in conjunction with IEEE WoWMoM 2021 [Online Event], Pisa Italy. [7th June 2021]
• 2021: IEEE Systems Journal Best Paper Award: An Adaptive Grid Frequency Support Mechanism for Energy Management in Cloud Data Centers [https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8782131]
• 2021: Area Editor, Ad Hoc Networks (Elsevier): January 2021 -
• 2020: Workshop Chair ~ SecSDN 2020 (IEEE Globecom 2020) (Taipei, Taiwan):

  The IEEE International Workshop on Secure and Dependable Software-defined Networking for Sustainable Smart Communities in conjunction with IEEE GLOBECOM 2020 // 7-11 December 2020 // Taipei, Taiwan.

• 2020: Session Chair ~ IEEE/ACM UCC 2020 (Leicester, UK): 13th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Utility and Cloud Computing
• 2020: Plenary Talk ~ Edge Cloud interplay using SDN: International Conference on Computational Techniques and Intelligent Machines (ICCTIM 2020), India
• 2020: Keynote Talk ~ EVaaS: Energy Trading in SDN-enabled Smart Transportation System: SOFA 2020 - 9th International Workshop on Soft Computing Applications 27-29 NOV-2020 Arad, Romania
• 2019: Senior Member, IEEE:
• 2018: IEEE Technical Committee of Scalable Computing (TCSC) Outstanding PhD Dissertation Award: For contributions in the area of Renewable Energy-aware Cloud Data Centres and Edge-Cloud Interplay using Software-defined Networking.

Chapter in book

• Dudeja, R. K., Bali, R. S., & Aujla, G. S. (2021). Internet of Everything: Background and Challenges. In Software Defined Internet of Everything (3-16). (1). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89328-6_1
• Singh, A., Bali, R. S., & Aujla, G. S. (2021). Prospective on Technical Considerations for Edge–Cloud Cooperation Using Software-Defined Networking. In Software Defined Internet of Everything (147-176). (1). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89328-6_9

Conference Paper

• Garg;, A., Aujla, G., & Sun, H. (2023). Analyzing Impact of Data Uncertainty in Distributed Energy Resources using Bayesian Networks. In 2023 IEEE International Conference on Communications, Control, and Computing Technologies for Smart Grids (SmartGridComm). https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm57358.2023.10333956
• Kaur, D., Aujla, G. S., & Mahmud, M. A. (2023). Negative Price Forecasting in Australian Energy Markets using gradient-boosted Machines: Predictive and Probabilistic Analysis. In 2023 IEEE International Conference on Communications, Control, and Computing Technologies for Smart Grids (SmartGridComm). https://doi.org/10.1109/smartgridcomm57358.2023.10333879
• Kumar, G., Lahiri, S., Dua, A., & Aujla, G. S. (2023). Cross-chain Transaction Validation using Lock-and-Key Method for Multi-System Blockchain. In 2023 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops). https://doi.org/10.1109/iccworkshops57953.2023.10283771
• Algamdi, H., Aujla, G. S., Jindal, A., & Trehan, A. (2023). Intrusion Detection in Critical SD-IoT Ecosystem. In 2023 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops). https://doi.org/10.1109/iccworkshops57953.2023.10283685
• Garg, A., Aujla, G., & Sun, H. (2023). Techno-Economic-Environmental Analysis for Net-Zero Sustainable Residential Buildings. In 2023 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe (ISGT EUROPE). https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEUROPE56780.2023.10408687
• Kumar, R., Singh Bali, R., & Aujla, G. S. (2022). A Federated Leaning Perspective for Intelligent Data Communication Framework in IoT Ecosystem. . https://doi.org/10.1109/wowmom54355.2022.00086
• Singh, M. P., Singh, A., Aujla, G. S., Singh Bali, R., & Jindal, A. (2022). Referenced Blockchain Approach for Road Traffic Monitoring in a Smart City using Internet of Drones. . https://doi.org/10.1109/icc45855.2022.9838264
• Singh, M. P., Aujla, G. S., & Bali, R. S. (2022). An Unorthodox Security Framework using Adapted Blockchain Architecture for Internet of Drones. . https://doi.org/10.1109/gcwkshps52748.2021.9682109
• Dudeja, R. K., Bali, R. S., & Aujla, G. S. (2022). An Efficient Data Communication Framework for Named Data Networking in IoT-Edge Ecosystem. . https://doi.org/10.1109/gcwkshps52748.2021.9681976
• Mittal, S., Garg, D., Bali, R. S., & Aujla, G. S. (2022). Edge Computing Based Resource Supplementation for Software Defined Vehicular Networks. . https://doi.org/10.1109/gcwkshps56602.2022.10008581
• Dong, Y., Gan, P., Aujla, G. S., & Zhang, P. (2021). RA-RL: Reputation-Aware Edge Device Selection Method based on Reinforcement Learning. . https://doi.org/10.1109/wowmom51794.2021.00063
• Marikyan, D., Llanos, J., Barati, M., Aujla, G. S., Li, Y., Adu-Duodu, K., …Carr, M. (2021). Privacy & Cloud Services: Are We There Yet?. . https://doi.org/10.1109/sose52839.2021.00006
• He, Y., Zhai, D., Zhang, R., Du, J., Aujla, G. S., & Cao, H. (2021). A Mobile Edge Computing Framework for Task Offloading and Resource Allocation in UAV-assisted VANETs. . https://doi.org/10.1109/infocomwkshps51825.2021.9484643
• Singh, M., Aujla, G. S., Bali, R. S., Vashisht, S., Singh, A., & Jindal, A. (2020). Blockchain-enabled secure communication for drone delivery: a case study in COVID-like scenarios. . https://doi.org/10.1145/3414045.3415937
• Zhang, P., Wang, C., Aujla, G. S., & Pang, X. (2020). A Node Probability-based Reinforcement Learning Framework for Virtual Network Embedding. . https://doi.org/10.1109/wowmom49955.2020.00077
• Singh, A., Aujla, G. S., Singh Bali, R., Chahal, P. K., & Singh, M. (2020). A Self Organised Workload Classification and Scheduling Approach in IoT-Edge-Cloud Ecosystem. . https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2020-fall49728.2020.9348511
• Li, Y., Jha, D. N., Aujla, G. S., Morgan, G., Zomaya, A. Y., & Ranjan, R. (2020). IoTWC: Analytic Hierarchy Process Based Internet of Things Workflow Composition System. . https://doi.org/10.1109/ic2e48712.2020.00007
• Kumar, N., Dhand, T., Jindal, A., Aujla, G. S., Cao, H., & Yang, L. (2020). An Edge-Fog Computing Framework for Cloud of Things in Vehicle to Grid Environment. . https://doi.org/10.1109/wowmom49955.2020.00066
• Zhang, P., Liu, F., Kumar, N., & Aujla, G. S. (2020). Information Classification Strategy for Blockchain-based Secure SDN in IoT Scenario. . https://doi.org/10.1109/infocomwkshps50562.2020.9162677
• Cao, H., Wu, S., Hu, Y., Aujla, G. S., & Yang, L. (2020). Virtual Resource Allocation for Tactile and Flexible Services in UAVs-Integrated 5G Networks. . https://doi.org/10.1109/icc40277.2020.9148709
• Cao, H., Hu, Y., Wu, S., Du, J., Tian, F., Aujla, G. S., & Yang, L. (2020). NoViSec: Novel Virtual Network Mapping Framework for Secure Software-Defined Networking. . https://doi.org/10.1109/wcncw48565.2020.9124795
• Singh, M., Aujla, G. S., & Bali, R. S. (2020). ODOB: One Drone One Block-based Lightweight Blockchain Architecture for Internet of Drones. . https://doi.org/10.1109/infocomwkshps50562.2020.9162950
• Aujla, G. S., Jindal, A., Chaudhary, R., Kumar, N., Vashist, S., Sharma, N., & Obaidat, M. S. (2019). DLRS: Deep Learning-Based Recommender System for Smart Healthcare Ecosystem. . https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2019.8761416
• Ma, D., Han, G., Xiao, A., Hu, Y., Ahmed, S. H., Aujla, G. S., & Cao, H. (2019). FAT-WSN: A Non Destructive and Secure Aggregation Strategy for Energy Saving in WSN. . https://doi.org/10.1109/gcwkshps45667.2019.9024492
• Prodan, R., Torre, E., Durillo, J. J., Aujla, G. S., Kumar, N., Fard, H. M., & Benedikt, S. (2019). Dynamic Multi-objective Virtual Machine Placement in Cloud Data Centers. . https://doi.org/10.1109/seaa.2019.00023
• Wang, Q., Wang, Z., Wu, Y., Ni, Y., Cao, H., Aujla, G. S., & Zhu, H. (2019). Auction Game-Based Bandwidth Allocation for Relay Networks in a Crowded Environment. . https://doi.org/10.1109/gcwkshps45667.2019.9024614
• Bansal, G., Dua, A., Aujla, G. S., Singh, M., & Kumar, N. (2019). SmartChain: A Smart and Scalable Blockchain Consortium for Smart Grid Systems. . https://doi.org/10.1109/iccw.2019.8757069
• Dua, A., Shishodia, M., Kumar, N., Aujla, G. S., & Kumar, N. (2019). Bloom Filter Based Efficient Caching Scheme for Content Distribution in Vehicular Networks. . https://doi.org/10.1109/iccw.2019.8756669
• Bose, A., Aujla, G. S., Singh, M., Kumar, N., & Cao, H. (2019). Blockchain as a Service for Software Defined Networks: A Denial of Service Attack Perspective. . https://doi.org/10.1109/dasc/picom/cbdcom/cyberscitech.2019.00166
• Kapoor, L., Jindal, A., Benslimane, A., Aujla, G. S., Chaudhary, R., Kumar, N., & Zomaya, A. Y. (2018). SLOPE: A Self Learning Optimization and Prediction Ensembler for Task Scheduling. . https://doi.org/10.1109/wimob.2018.8589108
• Dua, A., Chaudhary, R., Singh Aujla, G., Jindal, A., Kumar, N., & Rodrigues, J. J. (2018). LEASE: Lattice and ECC-Based Authentication and Integrity Verification Scheme in E-Healthcare. . https://doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2018.8648089
• Jindal, A., Aujla, G. S., Kumar, N., Prodan, R., & Obaidat, M. S. (2018). DRUMS: Demand Response Management in a Smart City Using Deep Learning and SVR. . https://doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2018.8647926
• Chaudhary, R., Aujla, G. S., Kumar, N., Das, A. K., Saxena, N., & Rodrigues, J. J. (2018). LaCSys: Lattice-Based Cryptosystem for Secure Communication in Smart Grid Environment. . https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2018.8422406
• Goyal, A., Batra, S., Kumar, N., Aujla, G. S., & Obaidat, M. S. (2018). Adaptive Skip Graph Framework for Peer-to-Peer Networks: Search Time Complexity Analysis. . https://doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2018.8648018
• Gulati, A., Aujla, G. S., Kumar, N., Obaidat, M. S., & Ahmed, S. H. (2018). AdCaS: Adaptive Caching for Storage Space Analysis Using Content Centric Networking. . https://doi.org/10.1109/glocomw.2018.8644368
• Mudgill, V., Aujla, G. S., Kumar, N., Obaidat, M. S., & Prodan, R. (2018). DLopC: Data Locality Independency-Aware VM Clustering in Cloud Computing. . https://doi.org/10.1109/glocomw.2018.8644081
• Dua, A., Sharma, P., Ganju, S., Jindal, A., Aujla, G. S., Kumar, N., & Rodrigues, J. J. (2018). RoVAN: A Rough Set-based Scheme for Cluster Head Selection in Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks. . https://doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2018.8647576
• Jindal, A., Aujla, G. S., Kumar, N., & Misra, S. (2018). Sustainable Smart Energy Cyber-Physical System: Can Electric Vehicles Suffice Its Needs?. . https://doi.org/10.1109/iccw.2018.8403555
• Aggarwal, S., Chaudhary, R., Aujla, G. S., Jindal, A., Dua, A., & Kumar, N. (2018). EnergyChain: Enabling Energy Trading for Smart Homes using Blockchains in Smart Grid Ecosystem. . https://doi.org/10.1145/3214701.3214704
• Aujla, G. S., Chaudhary, R., Kumar, N., Kumar, R., & Rodrigues, J. J. (2018). An Ensembled Scheme for QoS-Aware Traffic Flow Management in Software Defined Networks. . https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2018.8422596
• Gulati, A., Aujla, G. S., Chaudhary, R., Kumar, N., & Obaidat, M. S. (2018). Deep Learning-Based Content Centric Data Dissemination Scheme for Internet of Vehicles. . https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2018.8422427
• Aujla, G. S., Jindal, A., Kumar, N., & Singh, M. (2016). SDN-Based Data Center Energy Management System Using RES and Electric Vehicles. . https://doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2016.7842243

Conference Proceeding

• (2021). Session details: 1st International Workshop on Blockchain for Smart Cyber-Physical Systems (BlockCPS). In G. S. Aujla, & A. Jindal (Eds.), . https://doi.org/10.1145/3517183

Doctoral Thesis

• Aujla, G. S. (2018). Renewable Energy Based Efficient Framework for Sustainability of Data Centres. (Thesis). Computer Science and Engineering, Thapar University. Retrieved from https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1647203

Edited book

• Aujla, G. S., Garg, S., Kaur, K., & Sikdar, B. (Eds.). (2022). Software Defined Internet of Everything. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89328-6
• Garg, S., Aujla, G. S., Kaur, K., & Ahmed Shah, S. H. (Eds.). (2022). Intelligent Cyber-Physical Systems for Autonomous Transportation. Springer, Cham
• Machine Learning Models and Techniques. CRC Press

Journal Article

• Singh, A., Chouhan, P. K., & Aujla, G. S. (2024). SecureFlow: Knowledge and data-driven ensemble for intrusion detection and dynamic rule configuration in software-defined IoT environment. Ad Hoc Networks, 156, Article 103404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adhoc.2024.103404
• Su, J., Hong, Z., Ye, L., Liu, T., Liang, S., Ji, S., …Wen, Z. (2023). Trustworthy IAP: An Intelligent Applications Profiler to Investigate Vulnerabilities of Consumer Electronic Devices. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2023.3347651
• Wen, W., Demirbaga, U., Singh, A., Jindal, A., Batth, R. S., Zhang, P., & Aujla, G. S. (2023). Health Monitoring and Diagnosis for Geo-Distributed Edge Ecosystem in Smart City. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 10(21), 18571-18578. https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3247640
• Ahmad, H., & Aujla, G. S. (2023). GDPR compliance verification through a user-centric blockchain approach in multi-cloud environment. Computers and Electrical Engineering, 109, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.2023.108747
• Barati, M., Adu-Duodu, K., Rana, O., Aujla, G. S., & Ranjan, R. (2023). Compliance Checking of Cloud Providers: Design and Implementation. Distributed Ledger Technologies: Research and Practice, 2(2), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1145/3585538
• Garg, S., Kaur, K., Aujla, G. S., Kaddoum, G., Garigipati, P., & Guizani, M. (2023). Trusted Explainable AI for 6G-Enabled Edge Cloud Ecosystem. IEEE Wireless Communications, 30(3), 163-170. https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.016.220047
• Zhang, P., Gan, P., Aujla, G. S., & Batth, R. S. (2023). Reinforcement Learning for Edge Device Selection using Social Attribute Perception in Industry 4.0. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 10(4), 2784-2792. https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3088577
• Zhang, P., Wang, Y., Aujla, G. S., Jindal, A., & Al-Otaibi, Y. D. (2023). A Blockchain-Based Authentication Scheme and Secure Architecture for IoT-Enabled Maritime Transportation Systems. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 24(2), 2322 - 2331. https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2022.3159485
• Demirbaga, U., & Aujla, G. S. (2023). RootPath: Root Cause and Critical Path Analysis to Ensure Sustainable and Resilient Consumer-Centric Big Data Processing under Fault Scenarios. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2023.3329545
• Qiu, C., Aujla, G. S., Jiang, J., Wen, W., & Zhang, P. (2023). Rendering Secure and Trustworthy Edge Intelligence in 5G-Enabled IIoT using Proof of Learning Consensus Protocol. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 19(1), 900-909. https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2022.3179272
• Demirbaga, U., & Aujla, G. S. (2023). Federated-ANN based Critical Path Analysis and Health Recommendations for MapReduce Workflows in Consumer Electronics Applications. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 1-1. https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2023.3318813
• Demirbaga, U., & Aujla, G. S. (2022). MapChain: A Blockchain-based Verifiable Healthcare Service Management in IoT-based Big Data Ecosystem. IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management, 19(4), 3896-3907. https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2022.3204851
• Aujla, G. S., Dhillon, H. S., Niyato, D., & Saha, C. (2022). Guest Editorial: Coexistence of Drone and Terrestrial Networks. IEEE Wireless Communications, 29(6), 12-13. https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2022.10003079
• Singh, P., Kaur, A., Batth, R. S., Aujla, G. S., & Masud, M. (2022). Service vs Protection: A Bayesian Learning Approach for Trust Provisioning in Edge of Things Environment. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 9(22), 22061-22070. https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3082272
• Habeeb, F., Alwasel, K., Noor, A., Jha, D. N., Alqattan, D., Li, Y., …Ranjan, R. (2022). Dynamic Bandwidth Slicing for Time-Critical IoT Data Streams in the Edge-Cloud Continuum. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 18(11), 8017-8026. https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2022.3169971
• Mittal, S., Dudeja, R. K., Bali, R. S., & Aujla, G. S. (2022). A distributed task orchestration scheme in collaborative vehicular cloud edge networks. Computing, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00607-022-01119-9
• Kumar, N., Aujla, G. S., Obaidat, M. S., Lu, R., & Guo, S. (2022). Advanced computing and communication technologies for Internet of Drones. Computer Communications, 194, 329-332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2022.06.022
• Cao, H., Zhao, H., Jindal, A., Aujla, G. S., & Yang, L. (2022). Energy-Efficient Virtual Resource Allocation of Slices in Vehicles-Assisted B5G Networks. IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking, 6(3), 1408-1417. https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2022.3159227
• Chaudhary, R., Aujla, G. S., Kumar, N., & Chouhan, P. K. (2022). A comprehensive survey on software‐defined networking for smart communities. International Journal of Communication Systems, https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.5296
• Barati, M., Aujla, G. S., Llanos, J. T., Duodu, K. A., Rana, O. F., Carr, M., & Rajan, R. (2022). Privacy-Aware Cloud Auditing for GDPR Compliance Verification in Online Healthcare. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 18(7), 4808-4819. https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2021.3100152
• Singh, M., Aujla, G. S., Bali, R. S., Batth, R. S., Singh, A., Vashisht, S., & Jindal, A. (2022). CovaDel: a blockchain-enabled secure and QoS-aware drone delivery framework for COVID-like pandemics. Computing, 104(7), 1589-1613. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00607-022-01064-7
• Singh, M., Aujla, G. S., & Bali, R. S. (2022). Derived blockchain architecture for security-conscious data dissemination in edge-envisioned Internet of Drones ecosystem. Cluster Computing, 25(3), 2281-2302. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-021-03497-9
• Dudeja, R. K., Bali, R. S., & Aujla, G. S. (2022). Secure and pervasive communication framework using Named Data Networking for connected healthcare. Computers and Electrical Engineering, 100, Article 107806. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.2022.107806
• Aujla, G. S., Prodan, R., & Rawat, D. B. (2022). Big data analytics in Industry 4.0 ecosystems. Software: Practice and Experience, 52(3), 639-641. https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.3008
• Ren, X., Vashisht, S., Aujla, G. S., & Zhang, P. (2022). Drone-Edge Coalesce for Energy-Aware and Sustainable Service Delivery for Smart City Applications. Sustainable Cities and Society, 77, Article 103505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2021.103505
• Dudeja, R. K., Singh, A., Bali, R. S., & Aujla, G. S. (2022). An optimal content indexing approach for named data networking in software‐defined IoT system. IET Smart Cities, 4(1), https://doi.org/10.1049/smc2.12023
• Mahajan, P., Krishna, C. R., Aujla, G. S., Bali, R. S., & Garg, N. (2022). Ubiquitous Micro Mapping of Air Pollution Using Vehicular Edge-Based Connected IoT Services. IEEE Internet of Things Magazine, 5(4), https://doi.org/10.1109/iotm.001.2200144
• Singh, M. P., Aujla, G. S., & Bali, R. S. (2021). Blockchain for the Internet of Drones: Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions. IEEE Internet of Things Magazine, 4(4), 47-53. https://doi.org/10.1109/iotm.001.2100071
• Aujla, G. S., Vashisht, S., Garg, S., Kumar, N., & Kaddoum, G. (2021). Leveraging Blockchain for Secure Drone-to-Everything Communications. IEEE Communications Standards Magazine, 5(4), 80-87. https://doi.org/10.1109/mcomstd.0001.2100012
• Zhang, P., Wang, C., Aujla, G. S., & Batth, R. S. (2021). ReLeDP: Reinforcement-Learning-Assisted Dynamic Pricing for Wireless Smart Grid. IEEE Wireless Communications, 28(6), 62-69. https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.011.2000431
• Garg, S., Kaur, K., Kaddoum, G., Garigipati, P., & Aujla, G. S. (2021). Security in IoT-Driven Mobile Edge Computing: New Paradigms, Challenges, and Opportunities. IEEE Network, 35(5), 298-305. https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.211.2000526
• Gulati, A., Aujla, G. S., Kumar, N., Garg, S., & Kaddoum, G. (2021). Software-Defined Content Dissemination Scheme for Internet of Healthcare Vehicles in COVID-Like Scenarios. IEEE Internet of Things Magazine, 4(3), 34-40. https://doi.org/10.1109/iotm.2011.2000156
• Singh, P., Kaur, A., Aujla, G. S., Batth, R. S., & Kanhere, S. (2021). DaaS: Dew Computing as a Service for Intelligent Intrusion Detection in Edge-of-Things Ecosystem. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 8(16), 12569-12577. https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2020.3029248
• Wen, Z., Garg, S., Aujla, G. S., Alwasel, K., Puthal, D., Dustdar, S., …Rajan, R. (2021). Running Industrial Workflow Applications in a Software-defined Multi-Cloud Environment using Green Energy Aware Scheduling Algorithm. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 17(8), 5645-5656. https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2020.3045690
• Sharma, D., Aujla, G. S., & Bajaj, R. (2021). Deep neuro‐fuzzy approach for risk and severity prediction using recommendation systems in connected health care. Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies, 32(7), Article e4159. https://doi.org/10.1002/ett.4159
• Singh, M., Aujla, G. S., & Bali, R. S. (2021). A Deep Learning-Based Blockchain Mechanism for Secure Internet of Drones Environment. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 22(7), 4404-4413. https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2020.2997469
• Wang, C., Batth, R. S., Zhang, P., Aujla, G. S., Duan, Y., & Ren, L. (2021). VNE solution for network differentiated QoS and security requirements: from the perspective of deep reinforcement learning. Computing, 103(6), 1061-1083. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00607-020-00883-w
• Singh, A., Aujla, G. S., & Bali, R. S. (2021). Container-based load balancing for energy efficiency in software-defined edge computing environment. Sustainable Computing: Informatics and Systems, 30, Article 100463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.suscom.2020.100463
• Aujla, G. S., Kumar, N., Sikdar, B., & Choo, K. R. (2021). Security and privacy solutions in edge envisioned connected things environment. Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies, 32(6), Article e4208. https://doi.org/10.1002/ett.4208
• Cao, H., Aujla, G. S., Garg, S., Kaddoum, G., & Yang, L. (2021). Embedding Security Awareness for Virtual Resource Allocation in 5G Hetnets Using Reinforcement Learning. IEEE Communications Standards Magazine, 5(2), 20-27. https://doi.org/10.1109/mcomstd.001.2000026
• Aujla, G. S., & Jindal, A. (2021). A Decoupled Blockchain Approach for Edge-envisioned IoT-based Healthcare Monitoring. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 39(2), 491-499. https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2020.3020655
• Ren, X., Aujla, G. S., Jindal, A., Batth, R. S., & Zhang, P. (2021). Adaptive Recovery Mechanism for SDN Controllers in Edge-Cloud supported FinTech Applications. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3064468
• Garg, S., Aujla, G. S., Erbad, A., Rodrigues, J. J., Chen, M., & Wang, X. (2021). Guest Editorial: Blockchain Envisioned Drones: Realizing 5G-Enabled Flying Automation. IEEE Network, 35(1), 16-19. https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2021.9355047
• Zhang, P., Wang, C., Aujla, G. S., Kumar, N., & Guizani, M. (2020). IoV Scenario: Implementation of a Bandwidth Aware Algorithm in Wireless Network Communication Mode. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 69(12), https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2020.3035341
• Singh, A., Batra, S., Aujla, G. S., Kumar, N., & Yang, L. T. (2020). BloomStore: Dynamic Bloom-Filter-based Secure Rule-Space Management Scheme in SDN. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 16(10), 6252 - 6262. https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2020.2966708
• Aujla, G. S., Barati, M., Rana, O., Dustdar, S., Noor, A., Llanos, J. T., …Ranjan, R. (2020). COM-PACE: Compliance-Aware Cloud Application Engineering Using Blockchain. IEEE Internet Computing, 24(5), 45-53. https://doi.org/10.1109/mic.2020.3014484
• Zomaya, A. Y., Kumar, N., Rodrigues, J. J. P. C., & Aujla, G. S. (2020). Guest Editorial: Special Section on Intelligent Informatics for Edge of Things in Smart Industrial Ecosystem. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 16(3), 1933-1937. https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2019.2956047
• Kaur, K., Garg, S., Kumar, N., Aujla, G. S., Choo, K. R., & Obaidat, M. S. (2020). An Adaptive Grid Frequency Support Mechanism for Energy Management in Cloud Data Centers. IEEE Systems Journal, 14(1), 1195 - 1205. https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2019.2921592
• Cao, H., Wu, S., Aujla, G. S., Wang, Q., Yang, L., & Zhu, H. (2020). Dynamic Embedding and Quality of Service-Driven Adjustment for Cloud Networks. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 16(2), 1406 - 1416. https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2019.2936074
• Jindal, A., Aujla, G. S., Kumar, N., & Villari, M. (2020). GUARDIAN: Blockchain-Based Secure Demand Response Management in Smart Grid System. IEEE Transactions on Services Computing, 13(4), https://doi.org/10.1109/tsc.2019.2962677
• Zhao, H., Zhu, Y., Tang, J., Han, Z., & Aujla, G. S. (2020). Message‐sensing classified transmission scheme based on mobile edge computing in the Internet of Vehicles. Software: Practice and Experience, https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.2843
• Aujla, G. S., Singh, A., Singh, M., Sharma, S., Kumar, N., & Choo, K. R. (2020). BloCkEd: Blockchain-Based Secure Data Processing Framework in Edge Envisioned V2X Environment. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 69(6), https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2020.2972278
• Wang, Q., Zhao, H., Wang, Q., Cao, H., Aujla, G. S., & Zhu, H. (2020). Enabling secure wireless multimedia resource pricing using consortium blockchains. Future Generation Computer Systems, 110, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2019.09.026
• Aujla, G. S., Singh, M., Bose, A., Kumar, N., Han, G., & Buyya, R. (2020). BlockSDN: Blockchain-as-a-Service for Software Defined Networking in Smart City Applications. IEEE Network, 34(2), https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.001.1900151
• Singh, M., Aujla, G. S., Singh, A., Kumar, N., & Garg, S. (2020). Deep Learning based Blockchain Framework for Secure Software Defined Industrial Networks. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 17(1), 606 - 616. https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2020.2968946
• Ranjan, R., Thakur, I. S., Aujla, G. S., Kumar, N., & Zomaya, A. Y. (2020). Energy-Efficient Workflow Scheduling Using Container-Based Virtualization in Software-Defined Data Centers. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 16(12), https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2020.2985030
• Garg, S., Kaur, K., Batra, S., Aujla, G. S., Morgan, G., Kumar, N., …Ranjan, R. (2020). En-ABC: An ensemble artificial bee colony based anomaly detection scheme for cloud environment. Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing, 135, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpdc.2019.09.013
• Zhang, P., Liu, F., Aujla, G. S., & Vashisht, S. (2020). VNE strategy based on chaos hybrid flower pollination algorithm considering multi-criteria decision making. Neural Computing and Applications, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-020-04827-5
• Sharma, S., Dudeja, R. K., Aujla, G. S., Bali, R. S., & Kumar, N. (2020). DeTrAs: deep learning-based healthcare framework for IoT-based assistance of Alzheimer patients. Neural Computing and Applications, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-020-05327-2
• Gulati, A., Aujla, G. S., Chaudhary, R., Kumar, N., Obaidat, M., & Benslimane, A. (2020). DiLSe: Lattice-based Secure and Dependable Data Dissemination Scheme for Social Internet of Vehicles. IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing, https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2019.2953841
• Singh, A., Aujla, G. S., Garg, S., Kaddoum, G., & Singh, G. (2020). Deep-Learning-Based SDN Model for Internet of Things: An Incremental Tensor Train Approach. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 7(7), https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2019.2953537
• Singh, A., Aujla, G. S., & Bali, R. S. (2020). Intent-Based Network for Data Dissemination in Software-Defined Vehicular Edge Computing. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2020.3002349
• Zhang, P., Pang, X., Kumar, N., Aujla, G. S., & Cao, H. (2020). A Reliable Data-transmission Mechanism using Blockchain in Edge Computing Scenarios. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2020.3021457
• Aujla, G. S., Singh, A., & Kumar, N. (2020). AdaptFlow: Adaptive Flow Forwarding Scheme for Software-Defined Industrial Networks. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 7(7), https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2019.2951235
• Garg, S., Singh, A., Aujla, G. S., Kaur, S., Batra, S., & Kumar, N. (2020). A Probabilistic Data Structures-Based Anomaly Detection Scheme for Software-Defined Internet of Vehicles. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2020.2988065
• Vashisht, S., Jain, S., & Aujla, G. S. (2020). MAC protocols for unmanned aerial vehicle ecosystems: Review and challenges. Computer Communications, 160, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2020.06.011
• Kumar, N., Aujla, G. S., Das, A. K., & Conti, M. (2019). ECCAuth: A Secure Authentication Protocol for Demand Response Management in a Smart Grid System. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 15(12), 6572 - 6582. https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2019.2922697
• Garg, S., Aujla, G. S., Kumar, N., & Batra, S. (2019). Tree-Based Attack–Defense Model for Risk Assessment in Multi-UAV Networks. IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine, 8(6), 35-41. https://doi.org/10.1109/mce.2019.2941345
• Chaudhary, R., Aujla, G. S., Kumar, N., & Zeadally, S. (2019). Lattice-Based Public Key Cryptosystem for Internet of Things Environment: Challenges and Solutions. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 6(3), 4897 - 4909. https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2018.2878707
• Garg, S., Singh, A., Kaur, K., Aujla, G. S., Batra, S., Kumar, N., & Obaidat, M. (2019). Edge Computing-Based Security Framework for Big Data Analytics in VANETs. IEEE Network, 33(2), 72-81. https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2019.1800239
• Aujla, G. S., Singh, M., Kumar, N., & Zomaya, A. Y. (2019). Stackelberg Game for Energy-Aware Resource Allocation to Sustain Data Centers Using RES. IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing, 7(4), https://doi.org/10.1109/tcc.2017.2715817
• Chaudhary, R., Jindal, A., Aujla, G. S., Aggarwal, S., Kumar, N., & Choo, K. R. (2019). BEST: Blockchain-based secure energy trading in SDN-enabled intelligent transportation system. Computers and Security, 85, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2019.05.006
• Aujla, G. S., Garg, S., Batra, S., Kumar, N., You, I., & Sharma, V. (2019). DROpS: A demand response optimization scheme in SDN-enabled smart energy ecosystem. Information Sciences, 476, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2018.09.047
• Aggarwal, S., Chaudhary, R., Aujla, G. S., Kumar, N., Choo, K. R., & Zomaya, A. Y. (2019). Blockchain for smart communities: Applications, challenges and opportunities. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 144, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2019.06.018
• Aujla, G. S., Kumar, N., Garg, S., Kaur, K., & Ranjan, R. (2019). EDCSuS: Sustainable Edge Data Centers as a Service in SDN-enabled Vehicular Environment. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Computing, https://doi.org/10.1109/tsusc.2019.2907110
• Kumar, N., Aujla, G. S., Garg, S., Kaur, K., Ranjan, R., & Garg, S. K. (2019). Renewable Energy-Based Multi-Indexed Job Classification and Container Management Scheme for Sustainability of Cloud Data Centers. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 15(5), https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2018.2800693
• Aujla, G. S., Chaudhary, R., Kaur, K., Garg, S., Kumar, N., & Ranjan, R. (2019). SAFE: SDN-Assisted Framework for Edge–Cloud Interplay in Secure Healthcare Ecosystem. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 15(1), https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2018.2866917
• Jindal, A., Aujla, G. S., & Kumar, N. (2019). SURVIVOR: A blockchain based edge-as-a-service framework for secure energy trading in SDN-enabled vehicle-to-grid environment. Computer Networks, 153, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2019.02.002
• Aujla, G. S., Kumar, N., Singh, M., & Zomaya, A. Y. (2019). Energy trading with dynamic pricing for electric vehicles in a smart city environment. Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing, 127, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpdc.2018.06.010
• Kaur, K., Garg, S., Aujla, G. S., Kumar, N., & Zomaya, A. (2019). A Multi-objective Optimization Scheme for Job Scheduling in Sustainable Cloud Data Centers. IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing, https://doi.org/10.1109/tcc.2019.2950002
• Sharma, D., Aujla, G. S., & Bajaj, R. (2019). Evolution from ancient medication to human-centered Healthcare 4.0: A review on health care recommender systems. International Journal of Communication Systems, https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.4058
• Chaudhary, R., Aujla, G. S., Kumar, N., & Rodrigues, J. J. (2018). Optimized Big Data Management across Multi-Cloud Data Centers: Software-Defined-Network-Based Analysis. IEEE Communications Magazine, 56(2), https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2018.1700211
• Chaudhary, R., Jindal, A., Aujla, G. S., Kumar, N., Das, A. K., & Saxena, N. (2018). LSCSH: Lattice-Based Secure Cryptosystem for Smart Healthcare in Smart Cities Environment. IEEE Communications Magazine, 56(4), https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2018.1700787
• Kaur, D., Aujla, G. S., Kumar, N., Zomaya, A. Y., Perera, C., & Ranjan, R. (2018). Tensor-Based Big Data Management Scheme for Dimensionality Reduction Problem in Smart Grid Systems: SDN Perspective. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 30(10), https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2018.2809747
• Aujla, G. S., Jindal, A., & Kumar, N. (2018). EVaaS: Electric vehicle-as-a-service for energy trading in SDN-enabled smart transportation system. Computer Networks, 143, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2018.07.008
• Aujla, G. S., & Kumar, N. (2018). MEnSuS: An efficient scheme for energy management with sustainability of cloud data centers in edge–cloud environment. Future Generation Computer Systems, 86, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2017.09.066
• Jindal, A., Aujla, G. S., Kumar, N., Chaudhary, R., Obaidat, M. S., & You, I. (2018). SeDaTiVe: SDN-Enabled Deep Learning Architecture for Network Traffic Control in Vehicular Cyber-Physical Systems. IEEE Network, 32(6), https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2018.1800101
• Aujla, G. S., Kumar, N., Zomaya, A. Y., & Ranjan, R. (2018). Optimal Decision Making for Big Data Processing at Edge-Cloud Environment: An SDN Perspective. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 14(2), https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2017.2738841
• Kaur, K., Garg, S., Aujla, G. S., Kumar, N., Rodrigues, J. J., & Guizani, M. (2018). Edge Computing in the Industrial Internet of Things Environment: Software-Defined-Networks-Based Edge-Cloud Interplay. IEEE Communications Magazine, 56(2), https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2018.1700622
• Chaudhary, R., Aujla, G. S., Garg, S., Kumar, N., & Rodrigues, J. J. (2018). SDN-Enabled Multi-Attribute-Based Secure Communication for Smart Grid in IIoT Environment. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 14(6), https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2018.2789442
• Aujla, G. S., & Kumar, N. (2018). SDN-based energy management scheme for sustainability of data centers: An analysis on renewable energy sources and electric vehicles participation. Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing, 117, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpdc.2017.07.002
• Aujla, G. S., Chaudhary, R., Kumar, N., Das, A. K., & Rodrigues, J. J. (2018). SecSVA: Secure Storage, Verification, and Auditing of Big Data in the Cloud Environment. IEEE Communications Magazine, 56(1), https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2018.1700379
• Aujla, G. S., Chaudhary, R., Kumar, N., Rodrigues, J. J., & Vinel, A. (2017). Data Offloading in 5G-Enabled Software-Defined Vehicular Networks: A Stackelberg-Game-Based Approach. IEEE Communications Magazine, 55(8), https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2017.1601224