Staff profile

Background

I am a specialist in the European Middle and Upper Palaeolithic, with research interests in the origins and nature of Palaeolithic art and mortuary activity, chronometry, the behaviour of the Neanderthals and Pleistocene members of our own species, and the British later Palaeolithic. After reading Ancient History and Archaeology at the University of Birmingham (BA 1991) I took an MA in Archaeology at the Institute of Archaeology, University College London (1992). Subsequently my doctoral research at Cambridge focussed on lithic technology of Middle Palaeolithic Southwest France and what it revealed about Neanderthal behaviour (PhD 1999). I was Senior Archaeologist at the Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, Oxford University (1995-2001) and Research Fellow and Tutor in Archaeology and Anthropology at Keble College, Oxford (1997-2003); Lecturer (2003-7), Senior Lecturer (2007-10) and Reader (2010-12) in Palaeolithic Archaeology at Sheffield University, until I joined Durham in January 2013 as a Professor of Archaeology.

I have researched various aspects of the European Middle and Upper Palaeolithic. I've worked with numerous lithic assemblages, and on the dating of Neanderthal and early modern human remains. In 2003 I co-discovered Britain's only examples of Palaeolithic cave art at Creswell Crags in the Midlands, and since then I've directed excavations at the Crags. I've also co-directed (with Mark White) excavations in the world famous site of Kent's Cavern, and with Mark I co-wrote The British Palaeolithic (2012). In recent years I've been researching aspects of earlier Upper Palaeolithic hand stencils in the caves of France and Spain, and have collaborated on the dating of Spanish cave art, a project which has identified Europe's oldest securely dated examples of figurative and non-figurative cave art. In my book The Palaeolithic Origins of Human Burial (2011) I proposed a long-term model for the evolution of human mortuary activity, and I'm now developing ways in which to further our understanding of early human mortuary activity and ritual in general, working with primatologists on long-term models of hominoid evolutionary thanatology. I retain an interest in radiocarbon dating within the Palaeolithic, and in the Late Upper Palaeolithic of Britain. Recently, I've begun collaborating with Durham colleague Bob Kentridge, Professor of Visual Psychology, on the psychological basis of Palaeolithic art. We currently have an AHRC-funded collaborative project with German colleagues on the 16,000-year-old engraved art on stone plaquettes from Gonnersdorf, with Lisa-Elen Meyering as post-doctoral researcher. Our Visual Palaeopsychology group has several research students working on Palaeolithic art in Spain, France and Germany.

Study the Palaeolithic at Durham

I would warmly welcome applications from students wishing to further their knowledge of the Palaeolithic at masters level, and those interested in researching aspects of Middle and Upper Palaeolithic archaeology for the PhD. I am especially keen to supervise projects in the fields of early human mortuary activity, ritual and art. Durham is an exceptionally fertile place to study and research Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology; with Mark White and Peter Rowley-Conwy we have expertise from the Lower Palaeolithic to Mesolithic, and we enjoy fruitful collaboration with various departmental colleagues working with dating methods, DNA and isotope study.

• Archaeology of the European Middle and Upper Palaeolithic
• The origins and early evolution of human visual culture; Palaeolithic art
• Evolutionary thanatology and early evolution of human mortuary activity
• Palaeolithic chronometry
• Neanderthal extinction and the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic Transition
• Middle and Upper Palaeolithic Britain

• Material and Visual Culture
• Prehistoric Worlds

• Hand stencils in Upper Palaeolithic cave art
• Palaeolithic art and archaeology of Creswell Crags, UK
• The emergence of Visual Culture: dating and psychology of Palaeolithic art

• In Our Time radio programme on cave art
• Our Animal Minds: magazine article on our Durham visual palaeopsychology research
• Palaeo Vision project website
• The emergence of Visual Culture: dating and psychology of Palaeolithic art

• 2021: Editorial Board member, Revista de Arheologie, Antropologie si Studie Interdisciplinaire (journal): A bi-annual archaeological journal run out of Romania and Moldova.
• 2021: Scientific Advisory Board member (chair 2021-) SapienCE centre, Universities of Bergen and The Witwatersrand: The SapienCE centre is one of the world's leading centres for research into human behavioural evolution. The Scientific Advisory Board annually reviews the centres research, funding, teaching and outreach. I took over as chair in 2021.
• 2016: Editorial board member, World Archaeology journal:
• 2014: External Examiner (UG & PGT) University of Exeter:
• 2011: Contributed to 'Many Hands' exhibition at The Royal Society:
• 2010: Member of AHRC Peer Review College:
• 2009: Elected Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London:
• 2008: Advisory Editor, Journal of World Prehistory:
• 2008: Convened English Heritage and Prehistoric Society Working Group on Research and Conservation Framework for the British Palaeolithic:
• 2002: Advistory Editor, Before Farming:
• 2000: Council Member, The Prehistoric Society:

Available for media contact about:

• Evolution: Human evolution, especially Pleistocene (Ice Age), early art, origins of burial, radiocarbon dating.

Authored book

• Pettitt, P. B. (2022). Homo Sapiens Rediscovered. The Scientific Revolution Rewriting our Origins. London: Thames and Hudson.
• Pettitt, P.B. & White, M.J. (2012). The British Palaeolithic: Human Societies at the Edge of the Pleistocene World. London: Routledge.
• Pettitt, P. B. (2011). The Palaeolithic Origins of Human Burial. Routledge.
• Bahn, P. & Pettitt, P. B. (2009). Britain's Oldest Art: the Ice Age Cave Art of Creswell Crags. English Heritage.

Book review

• Bahn, P. & Pettitt, P. (2013). Ice Age art: arrival of the modern mind (review article). Antiquity 87: 905-8.

Chapter in book

• Pettitt, P. B. (2022). Peripersonal social worlds. Exploring the nature of the earliest visual cultures of African and Near Eastern Homo sapiens and Eurasian Neanderthals. In Image, Thought, and the Making of Social Worlds. Wengrow, D. Propylaeum. 63-92.
• Pettitt, P. B. (2022). The cultural ecology of fear. Human funerary cognition in evolutionary perspective. In The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Archaeology. Overmann, K. A., Coolidge, F. L. & Wynn, T. Oxford University Press.
• Pettitt, P. (2021). Social ecology of the Upper Palaeolithic: exploring inequality through the art of Lascaux. In Social Inequality Before Farming? Multidisciplinary Approaches to the Study of Social Organization and Prehistoric and Enthnographic Hunter-Fisher-Gatherer Societies. Moreau, L. Cambridge: McDonald Institute Conversations. 201-22.
• Pettitt, P (2021). The origins of human visual culture: a three-stage hypothesis from babble to concordancy to inclusivity. In The Beef behind all Possible Pasts The Tandem Festschrift in Honour of Elaine Turner and Martin Street. Gaudzinski-Windheuser, S. & Joris, O. Propylaeum. 229-247.
• Pettitt, P. (2021). Psychology and antiquity: a prehistorian's perspective. In Psychology and Cognitive Archaeology. An Interdisciplinary Approach to the Study of the Human Mind. Henley, T. & Rossano, M. Routledge. 155-176.
• Pettitt, P. (2019). From corpse to symbol. Proposed cognitive grades over the long-term evolution of hominin mortuary activity. In Handbook of Cognitive Archaeology. Psychology in Prehistory. Henley, T., Rossano, M. & Kardas, E. Routledge. 512-25.
• Pettitt, P. B. (2018). The rise of modern humans. In The Human Past (4th Edition). Scarre, C. Thames and Hudson. 108-48.
• Pettitt, P. B. (2018). Palaeolithic Western and North Central Europe. In The Oxford Handbook of Prehistoric Figurines. Insoll, T. Oxford University Press. 851-76.
• Pettitt, P. B. (2016). Darkness visible. Shadows, art and the ritual experience of caves in Upper Palaeolithic Europe. In The Archaeology of Darkness. Dowd, M. & Hensey, R. Oxbow Books. 11-23.
• Pettitt, P. (2015). Landscapes of the Dead: The evolution of human mortuary activity from body to place in Palaeolithic Europe. In Settlement, Society and Cognition in Human Evolution: Landscapes in Mind. Coward, F., Hosfield, R., Pope, M. & Wenban-Smith, F. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 258-274.
• Pettitt, P. B., García-Diez, M., Hoffmann, D., Maximiano Castillejo, A., Ontañon-Peredo, R., Pike, A. & Zilhão, J. (2015). Are hand stencils in European cave art older than we think? An evaluation of the existing data and their potential implications. In Prehistoric Art as Prehistoric Culture. Studies in Honour of Professor Rodrigo de Balbín-Behrmann. Bueno-Ramírez, P. & Bahn, P. Oxford: Archaeopress. 31-43.
• Pettitt, P., Rockman, M. & Chenery, S. (2015). Creswell Crags in wider context. LA-ICP-MS trace-element analysis of Final Magdalenian lithics and mobility patterns in the British Late Upper Palaeolithic. In No Stone Unturned: Papers in Honour of Roger Jacobi. Ashton, N. & Harris, C. Lithic Studies Society Occasional Paper 9. 101-12.
• Pettitt, P. (2014). The European Upper Palaeolithic. In The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology and Anthropology of Hunter-Gatherers. Cummings, V., Jordan, P. & Zvelebil, M. Oxford Oxford University Press. 279–309.
• Pike, A. W. G. Hoffmann, D. L., García-Diez, M., Pettitt, P. B., Alcolea, J., de Balbín, R., González-Sainz, C., de las Heras, C., Lasheras, J. A., Montes, R. & Zilhão, J. (2013). En los origenes del arte rupestre Paleolitico: dataciones por la serie del Uranio en la cuevas de Altamira, El Castillo y Tito Bustillo. In Pensando el Gravetiense: Nuevos datos para la Región Cantábrica en su Contexto Peninsular y Pirenaico. Monografías del Museo Nacional y Centro de Investigación de Altamira. 461-75.
• Pettitt, P., Rockman, M. & Chenery, S. (2013). Lateglacial landscape use: correlation of lithic artefacts from Wey Manor Farm and Church Lammas to source region through LA-ICP-MS trace element analysis. In Two Upper Palaeolithic Sites in the Lower Courses of the Rivers Colne and Wey: Church Lammas and Wey Manor Farm. Jones, P. & Poulton, R. English Heritage and Surrey County Council. 99-106.
• Zvelebil, M., Lillie, M. C., Montgomery, J., Lukes, A., Pettitt, P. B. & Richards, M. P. (2012). The emergence of the LBK: Migration, Memory and Meaning at the transition to agriculture. In Population Dynamics in Prehistory and Early History. New Approaches Using Stable Isotopes and Genetics. Kaiser, E. & Burger, J.Schier, W. de Gruiter.
• Pettitt, P. B., Housley, R. & Higham, T. F. G. (2012). Radiocarbon chronology and faunal turnover in the Upper Pleistocene at Pontnewydd cave. In Aldhouse-Green, S. Walker, E. and Peterson, R. (eds.) Neanderthals in Wales. Pontnewydd and the Elwy Valley Caves. In Neanderthals in Wales. Pontnewydd and the Elwy Valley Caves. Aldhouse-Green, S., Walker, E. & Peterson, R. National Museums and Galleries of Wales.
• Pettitt, P. B. (2012). Fellow travellers on the ‘great trek’ some thoughts on British MIS3 Neanderthals and spotted hyaenas. In A mind set on flint. Studies in honour of Dick Stapert. Niekus, M. J. L. T., Barton, R. N. E., Street, M. & Terberger, T. Groeningen Archaeological Studies 16. 77-91.
• Pettitt, P. B. (2011). The living as symbols, the dead as symbols: problematising the scale and pace of hominin symbolic evolution. In Homo Symbolicus. The Dawn of Language, Imagination and Spirituality. Henshilwood, C. & d'Errico, F. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 141-162.
• Zvelebil, M., Lukes, A. & Pettitt, P. B. (2010). The emergence of the LBK culture: search for the ancestors. In The Spread of the Neolithic to Central Europe. Groenenborn, D. & Petrasch, J. Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum. 301-26.
• Pettitt, P. B. (2009). The Neanderthals. In The Oxford Handbook of Archaeology. Cunliffe, B., Gosden, C. & Joyce, R. Oxford university Press. 332-70.
• Pettitt, P. B., Bahn, P. & Züchner, C. (2009). The Chauvet conundrum: are claims for the ‘birthplace of art’ premature? In An Enquiring Mind: Studies in Honor of Alexander Marshack. Bahn, P. Oxbow and Cambridge MA: American School of Prehistoric Research Monograph Series. 239-62.
• Pettitt, P. B. (2009). François Bordes. In Great Prehistorians: 150 years of Palaeolithic Research, 1859-2009. Hosfield, R., Wenban-Smith, F. & Pope, M. 201-12.
• Pettitt, P. B (2009). The rise of modern humans. In The Human Past. Scarre, C. Thames and Hudson. 124-73.
• Pettitt, P. B. (2008). The British Upper Palaeolithic. In Prehistoric Britain. Pollard, J. Blackwell. 18-57.
• Pettitt, P. B. (2007). Radiocarbon dating. In Maschner, H. & Chippindale, C. Altamira. 309-36.
• Pettitt, P. B. & Bahn, P. (2007). Rock art and art mobilier of the British Upper Palaeolithic. In Art as Metaphor: the Prehistoric Rock Art of Britain. Mazel, A., Nash, G. & Waddington, C. Archaeopress. 9-38.
• Pike, A. W. G., Gilmore, M. & Pettitt, P. B. (2007). Verification of the age of the Palaeolithic cave art at Creswell Crags. In Creswell Palaeolithic Cave Art in European Context. Pettitt, P. B., Bahn, P. & Ripoll, S. Oxford University Press. 34-45.
• Pettitt, P. B. (2007). The living dead and the dead living: burials, figurines and social performance in the European Mid Upper Palaeolithic. In The Social Archaeology of Funerary Remains. Knüsel, C. & Gowland, R. OxBow. 292-308.
• Pettitt, P. B. (2007). Cultural context and form of some of the Creswell images: an interpretative model. In Creswell Palaeolithic Cave Art in European Context. Pettitt, P. B., Bahn, P. & Ripoll, S. Oxford University Press. 112-39.
• Ashley, S., Bending, J., Cook, G., Corrado, A., Malone, C., Pettitt, P. B., Puglisi, D., Redhouse, D. & Stoddart, S. (2007). The resources of an upland community in the fourth millennium BC. In Upland Landscapes of Sicily. Fitzjohn, M. London University Accordia Research Centre. 59-80.
• Pike, A. W. G. & Pettitt, P. B. (2005). Other dating methods. In Handbook of Archaeological Method and Theory. Maschner, H. & Chippindale, C. Altamira. 337-72.
• Pettitt, P. B. (2004). Ideas in relative and absolute dating. In Archaeology: The Key Concepts. Renfrew, C. & Bahn, P. London: Routledge. 58-64.

Edited book

• Pettitt, P. B., Bahn, P. & Ripoll, S. (2007). Palaeolithic Cave Art at Creswell Crags in European Context. Oxford University Press.

Journal Article

• Pettitt, P. B. (Accepted). Did Homo naledi dispose of their dead in the Rising Star Cave System? South African Journal of Science
• Bacon, Bennett, Khatiri, Azadeh, Palmer, James, Freeth, Tony, Pettitt, Paul & Kentridge, Robert (2023). An Upper Palaeolithic Proto-writing System and Phenological Calendar. Cambridge Archaeological Journal
• Pettitt, P., Meyering, L.-E. & Kentridge, R. (2021). Bringing science to the study of ancient senses – archaeology and visual psychology. World archaeology 52(2): 183-204.
• Meyering, L.-E., Kentridge, R. & Pettitt, P. (2021). The visual psychology of European Upper Palaeolithic figurative art: using Bubbles to understand outline depictions. World archaeology 52(2): 1-18.
• Pomeroy, Emma, Hunt, Chris O., Reynolds, Tim, Abdulmutalb, Dlshad, Asouti, Eleni, Bennett, Paul, Bosch, Marjolein, Burke, Ariane, Farr, Lucy, Foley, Robert, French, Charles, Frumkin, Amos, Goldberg, Paul, Hill, Evan, Kabukcu, Ceren, Lahr, Marta Mirazón, Lane, Ross, Marean, Curtis, Maureille, Bruno, Mutri, Giuseppina, Miller, Christopher E., Mustafa, Kaify Ali, Nymark, Andreas, Pettitt, Paul, Sala, Nohemi, Sandgathe, Dennis, Stringer, Chris, Tilby, Emily & Barker, Graeme (2020). Issues of theory and method in the analysis of Paleolithic mortuary behavior: A view from Shanidar Cave. Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews 29(5): 263-279.
• Hoffmann, Dirk L., Standish, Christopher D., García-Diez, Marcos, Pettitt, Paul B., Milton, James A., Zilhão, João, Alcolea-González, Javier J., Cantalejo-Duarte, Pedro, Collado, Hipolito, de Balbín, Rodrigo, Lorblanchet, Michel, Ramos-Muñoz, Jose, Weniger, Gerd-Christian & Pike, Alistair W.G. (2020). Response to White et al.’s reply: ‘Still no archaeological evidence that Neanderthals created Iberian cave art’ [J. Hum. Evol. (2020) 102640]. Journal of Human Evolution 144: 102810.
• Sakamoto, T., Pettitt, P. & Ontañon-Peredo, R. (2020). Upper Palaeolithic installation art: topography, distortion, animation and participation in the production and experience of Cantabrian cave art. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 30(4): 665-88.
• Ochoa, Blanca, García-Diez, Marcos, Maíllo-Fernández, José-Manuel, Arrizabalaga, Álvaro & Pettitt, Paul (2019). Gravettian Figurative Art in the Western Pyrenees: Stratigraphy, Cultural Context, and Chronology. European Journal of Archaeology 22(2): 168-184.
• Pettitt, P. & Anderson, J. (2019). Primate thanatology and hominoid mortuary archaeology. Primates 61: 9-19.
• Hoffmann, D. L., Standish, C. D., García-Diez, M., Pettitt, P. B., Milton, J. A., Zilhão, J., Alcolea-González, J. J., Cantalejo-Duarte, P., Collado, H., de Balbín, R., Lorblanchet, M., Ramos-Muñoz, J., Weniger, G.-Ch. & Pike, A. W. G. (2018). Response to Comment on “U-Th dating of carbonate crusts reveals Neandertal origin of Iberian cave art”. Science 362(6411).
• Pettitt, Paul (2018). Hominin evolutionary thanatology from the mortuary to funerary realm. The palaeoanthropological bridge between chemistry and culture. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 373(1754): 20180212.
• Anderson, James R., Biro, Dora & Pettitt, Paul (2018). Evolutionary thanatology. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 373(1754): 20170262.
• Hoffmann, D., Standish, C., Pike, A., Garcia-Diez, M., Pettitt, P., Angelucci, D., Villaverde, V., Zapata, J., Milton, J., Alcolea-Gonzalez, J., Cantalejo-Duarte, P., Collado, H., de Balbin, R., Lorblanchet, M., Ramos-Munoz, J., Weniger, G.-C. & Zilhao, J. (2018). Dates for Neanderthal art and symbolic behaviour are reliable. Nature Ecology and Evolution 2: 1044-1045.
• Hodgson, D. & Pettitt, P. B. (2018). The Origins of Iconic Depictions: A Falsifiable Model Derived from the Visual Science of Palaeolithic Cave Art and World Rock Art. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 28(4): 591-612.
• Hoffmann, D. L., Standish, C. D., García-Diez, M., Pettitt, P. B., Milton, J. A., Zilhão, J., Alcolea-González, J. J., Cantalejo-Duarte, P., Collado, H., de Balbín, R., Lorblanchet, M., Ramos-Muñoz, J., Weniger, G.-Ch. & Pike, A. W. G. (2018). U-Th dating of carbonate crusts reveals Neandertal origin of Iberian cave art. Science 359(6378): 912-915.
• Sparacello, V. S., Rossi, S., Pettitt, P., Roberts, C., Riel-Salvatore, J. & Formicola, V. (2018). New insights on Final Epigravettian funerary behavior at Arene Candide Cave (Western Liguria, Italy). Journal of Archaeological Science (Reports)
• Gittins, Rhiannon & Pettitt, Paul (2017). Is Palaeolithic cave art consistent with costly signalling theory? Lascaux as a test case. World Archaeology 49(4): 466-490.
• Pike, A., Hoffmann, D. Pettitt, P., García-Diez, M. & Zilhão, J. (2017). Dating Palaeolithic cave art: why U-Th is the way to go. Quaternary International 432(B): 41-49.
• Hoffmann, D., Pike, A., García-Diez, M., Pettitt, P. & Zilhão, J. (2016). Methods for U-series Dating of CaCO3 Crusts Associated with Palaeolithic Cave Art and Application to Iberian Sites. Quaternary Geochronology 36: 104-109.
• Pettitt, P. B. & Zilhao, J. (2015). Problematizing Bayesian approaches to prehistoric chronologies. World Archaeology 47(4): 525-542.
• Pettitt, Paul & Bahn, Paul (2015). An alternative chronology for the art of Chauvet cave. Antiquity 89(345): 542-553.
• García-Diez, M. Garrido, D., Hoffmann, D. L., Pettitt, P., Pike, A. & Zilhão, J. (2015). The chronology of hand stencils in European Palaeolithic rock art: implications of new U-series results from El Castillo Cave (Cantabria, Spain). Journal of Anthropological Sciences 95: 1-18.
• Richards, M., Pettitt, P., Karavanic, I. & Miracle, P. (2015). Isotope and faunal evidence for high levels of freshwater fish consumption by Late Glacial humans at the Late Upper Palaeolithic site of Sandalja II, Istria, Croatia. Journal of Archaeological Science 61: 204-212.
• Pettitt, P., Maximiano Castillejo, A., Arias, P., Ontañon Peredo, R. & Harrison, R. (2014). New views on old hands: the context of stencils in El Castillo and La Garma Caves (Cantabria, Spain). Antiquity 88(339): 47-63.
• Pettitt, P. & Bahn, P. (2014). Against Chauvet-nism: a critique of recent attempts to validate an early chronology for the art of Chauvet Cave. Anthropologie 118: 163-82.
• Zvelebil, M. & Pettitt, P. (2013). Biosocial archaeology of the Early Neolithic: synthetic analyses of human skeletal remains from the LBK cemetery of Vedrovice, Czech Republic. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 32(3): 313-29.
• Magyari, E., Gaydarska, B., Pettitt, P. & Chapman, J. (2013). Palaeo-environments of the Balkan Lateglacial and their potential – were humans absent from the Garden of Eden? Bulgarian e-journal for archaeology 3(1): 1-30.
• Pettitt, P. & White, M. (2013). John Lubbock, caves, and the development of Middle and Upper Palaeolithic archaeology. Notes and Records: The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science 68(1): 35-48.
• Pike, A. W. G., Hoffman, D. L., García-Diez, M., Pettitt, P. B., Alcolea, J., De Balbín, R. González-Sainz, C., de las Heras, C., Lasheras, J. A., Montez, R. & Zilhão, J. (2012). Uranium-series dating of Upper Palaeolithic art in Spanish caves. U-Series Dating of Paleolithic Art in 11 Caves in Spain. Science 336(6087): 1409-1413.
• Dodge, D. A., Bouwman, A. S., Pettitt, P. B. & Brown, T. (2012). Mitochondrial DNA haplotypes of Devensian hyaenas from Creswell Crags, England. Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences
• White, M. J. & Pettitt, P. B. (2012). Ancient digs and modern myths. The context and age of the Kent’s Cavern 4 maxilla and the spread of Homo sapiens in Europe. European Journal of Archaeology 15: 1-30.
• Pettitt, P. B., Rockman, M. & Chenery, S. (2012). The British Final Magdalenian: Society, settlement and raw material movements revealed through LA-ICP-MS trace element analysis of diagnostic artefacts. Quaternary International 272-273: 275-287.
• Pettitt, P. B. (2011). Comment on Golovanova et al. Ecological factors in the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition. Current Anthropology 51: 683-4.
• White, M. J. & Pettitt, P. B. (2011). Neanderthals in Western Doggerland: towards an interpretative understanding of the Late Middle Palaeolithic Settlement of Britain. Journal of World Prehistory 24: 25-97.
• Pettitt, P.B & White, M.J. (2011). Cave Men: stone tools, Victorian science and the ‘primitive mind’ of deep time. Notes and Records of the Royal Society 65(1): 25-42.
• White, M.J. & Pettitt, P.B. (2009). The demonstration of human antiquity: three rediscovered illustrations from the 1825 and 1846 excavations in Kent's Cavern (Torquay, England). Antiquity 83(321): 758-768.
• Pettitt, P. B., Jacobi, R. M., Chamberlain, A. C., Schreve, D., Wall, I., Dinnis, R. & Wragg-Sykes, R. (2009). Excavations outside Church Hole, Creswell Crags: the first three seasons (2006-8). Transactions of the Thoroton Society of Nottinghamshire 113: 35-53.
• Zvelebil, M., Pettitt, P. B. & Lukes, A. (2009). Lives, loves and deaths of Neolithic farmers: bioarchaeology of burials from Vedrovice (Czech Republic) and the spread of agriculture in Europe. North Atlantic Archaeology 1: 103-115.
• Hall, M. & Pettitt, P. B. (2008). A pair of Merrels boards on a stone block from Church Hole cave, Creswell Crags, Nottinghamshire, England. Transactions of the Thoroton Society of Nottinghamshire 112.
• Pettitt, P. B. (2008). Art and the Middle-to-Upper Palaeolithic transition in Europe: comments on the archaeological arguments for an Early Upper Palaeolithic antiquity of the Grotte Chauvet art. Journal of Human Evolution 55(5): 908-917.
• Zvelebil, M. & Pettitt, P. B. (2008). Human condition, life, and death at an Early Neolithic settlement: bioarchaeological analyses of the Vedrovice cemetery and their biosocial implications for the spread of agriculture in Central Europe. Anthropologie (Brno) XLVI: 195-218.
• Zvelebil, M. & Pettitt, P. B. (2008). Biological and cultural identity of the first farmers: introduction to the Vedrovice bioarchaeology project. Anthropologie: International Journal of the Science of Man 46(2-3): 117-124.
• Pettitt, P. B. & Pike, A. W. G. (2007). Dating European Palaeolithic cave art: progress, prospects, problems. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 14: 27-47.
• Zilhão, J. & Pettitt, P. B. (2006). On the new dates for Gorham’s Cave and the late survival of Iberian Neanderthals. Before Farming 2006/4: 1-9.
• Zvelebil, M. & Pettitt, P. B. (2006). Contribution of Palaeolithic and Neolithic Y-chromosome lineages to the modern Czech population. Archeologické rozhledy LVIII(2): 250-260.
• Gamble, C., Davies, W., Pettitt, P. B., Hazelwood, L. & Richards, M. (2006). The Late Glacial ancestry of Europeans: combining genetic and archaeological evidence. Documenta Praehistorica XXXIII: 1-10.
• Pestle, W., Colvard, M. & Pettitt, P. B. (2006). AMS dating of a recently discovered juvenile human mandible from Solutré (Saône-et-Loire), France). Paleo 18: 285-92.
• Pettitt, P. B. (2006). Homo neanderthalensis (King 1864). Guest editorial. Before Farming 2006(3): 1-3.
• Gamble, C. S., Davies, S. W. G., Pettitt, P. B., Richards, M. & Hazelwood, L. (2005). The archaeological and genetic foundations of the European population during the Lateglacial: implications for ‘agricultural thinking’. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 15: 193-230.
• Nielsen-Marsh, C.M., Richards, M.P., Hauschka, P.V., Thomas-Oates, J.E., Trinkaus, E., Pettitt, P.B., Karavanic, I., Poinar, H. & Collins, M.J. (2005). Osteocalcin protein sequences of Neanderthals and modern primates. The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 102(12): 4409-4413.
• Pettitt, P. B. & Nyskanen, M. (2005). Neanderthals in Finland during the Last Interglacial? Fennoscandia Archaeologica XXII: 79-87.
• Pike, A. W. G., Gilmore, M., Pettitt, P. B., Jacobi, R. M., Ripoll, S., Bahn, P. & Muñoz, F. (2005). Independent U-Series verification of the Pleistocene antiquity of the Palaeolithic cave art at Creswell Crags, UK. Journal of Archaeological Science 32: 1649-55.
• Formicola, V., Pettitt, P. B., Maggi, R. & Hedges, R. E. M. (2005). Tempo and mode of formation of the Late Epigravettian necropolis of Arene Candide Cave (Italy): evidence from the direct radiocarbon dates of the skeletons. Journal of Archaeological Science 32: 1598-1602.
• Richards, M.P., Jacobi, R., Cook, J., Pettitt, P.B. & Stringer, C.B. (2005). Isotope evidence for the intensive use of marine foods by Late Upper Palaeolithic humans. Journal of Human Evolution 49(3): 390-394.
• Formicola, V., Pettitt, P. B. & del Luccese, A. (2004). A direct AMS radiocarbon date on the Barma Grande 6 Upper Palaolithic skeleton. Current Anthropology 45: 114-8.
• Gamble, C. S., Davies, S. W. G., Pettitt, P. B. & Richards, M. (2004). Climate change and evolving human diversity in Europe during the Last Glacial. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London series B 359: 243-54.
• Bahn, P., Pettitt, P. B. & Ripoll, S. (2003). Discovery of Palaeolithic cave art in Britain. Antiquity 77: 227-31.
• Pettitt, P. B. & Bahn, P. (2003). Current problems in dating Palaeolithic cave art: Candamo and Chauvet. Antiquity 77: 134-41.
• Pettitt, P.B., Richards, M.P., Maggi, R. & Formicola, V. (2003). The Gravettian burial known as the Prince (‘Il Principe’): new evidence for his age and diet. Antiquity 77(295): 15-19.
• Pettitt, P. B., Davies, S. W. G., Gamble, C. S. & Richards, M. (2003). Palaeolithic radiocarbon chronology: quantifying our confidence beyond two half-lives. Journal of Archaeological Science 30: 1685-93.